Early Cortical Tactile-Evoked Potentials, Laterality and Schizophrenia

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Allen ◽  
Alec Jenner ◽  
John C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

No significant difference in the lateralisation of tactile-evoked potentials was found when a tactile stimulus was applied to the index finger of 14 schizophrenic patients and 14 age- and sex-matched controls. The early tactile responses, recorded from contralateral and ipsilateral parietal scalp electrodes, were compared. Our results differ from previously reported results.

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Schizophrenia a Lateralisation Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Furlong ◽  
Paul Barczak ◽  
Gwilym Hayes ◽  
Graham Harding
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

The SSEPs obtained from 19 schizophrenics defined by RDC, DSM–III and PSE criteria Were compared with those from a control group of healthy volunteers. Previous findings of an abnormal lack of lateralising response in schizophrenic patients were not replicated. No significant difference in either amplitude or morphology between the traces obtained from the two groups were recorded. Ipsilateral and contralateral latencies for stimulation of the left and right index finger showed no significant difference in peak latency for any component between patient and control group. When mean peak-to-peak amplitudes were plotted the contralateral component was always greater in amplitude than the ipsilateral one. An objective measure of the degree of lateralisation, the percentage lateralisation quotient, showed no lateralisation differences between the patient and control groups. A case of myogenic contamination of ipsilateral components was observed calling into doubt findings where no temporal region monitoring has been performed.

Month of Birth and Schizophrenia in Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Eung Kim ◽  
Young-Sook Lee ◽  
Young-Hee Lim ◽  
In-Young Noh ◽  
S. H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

This study investigates whether there is any difference in the month of birth between people with schizophrenia and controls in Korea. When 1606 patients with schizophrenia were compared with 4582 age- and sex-matched controls, there was no statistically significant difference in the month of birth, the season of birth of schizophrenic patients was not related to sex, family history or handedness.

Stable Abnormalities in the Lateralisation of early Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Schizophrenic Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
H. Andrews ◽  
C. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Evoked Cortical Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cortical Potentials

SummaryDuring the investigation of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials arising from a complex vibro-tactile stimulus to the forefingers, an abnormal lack of lateralisation of response was found in 10 out of 21 schizophrenic patients. Eight patients with severe affective illness all had the expected degree of lateralisation of cortical potentials, as did 12 out of 15 normals. Three normals and 3 schizophrenic patients had a loss of lateralisation of the evoked response on stimulation of one hand but a normal lateralisation on stimulation of the other. The considerable technical problems of this and related techniques are discussed, but it is suggested that further exploration of this technique is justified. At this stage, no conclusion can be drawn about the cause of the abnormalities.

Introduction of intraoperative neuromonitoring does not necessarily improve overall long-term outcome in elective aneurysm clipping

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 1188-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Greve ◽  
Veit M. Stoecklein ◽  
Franziska Dorn ◽  
Sophia Laskowski ◽  
Niklas Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM), particularly of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), evolved as standard of care in a variety of neurosurgical procedures. Case series report a positive impact of IOM for elective microsurgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (ECUIA), whereas systematic evaluation of its predictive value is lacking. Therefore, the authors analyzed the neurological outcome of patients undergoing ECUIA before and after IOM introduction to this procedure.METHODSThe dates of inclusion in the study were 2007–2014. In this period, ECUIA procedures before (n = 136, NIOM-group; 2007–2010) and after introduction of IOM (n = 138, IOM-group; 2011–2014) were included. The cutoff value for SSEP/MEP abnormality was chosen as an amplitude reduction ≥ 50%. SSEP/MEP changes were correlated with neurological outcome. IOM-undetectable deficits (bulbar, vision, ataxia) were not included in risk stratification.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in sex distribution, follow-up period, subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors, aneurysm diameter, complexity, and location. Age was higher in the IOM-group (57 vs 54 years, p = 0.012). In the IOM group, there were 18 new postoperative deficits (13.0%, 5.8% permanent), 9 hemisyndromes, 2 comas, 4 bulbar symptoms, and 3 visual deficits. In the NIOM group there were 18 new deficits (13.2%; 7.3% permanent, including 7 hemisyndromes). The groups did not significantly differ in the number or nature of postoperative deficits, nor in their recovery rate. In the IOM group, SSEPs and MEPs were available in 99% of cases. Significant changes were noted in 18 cases, 4 of which exhibited postoperative hemisyndrome, and 1 suffered from prolonged comatose state (5 true-positive cases). Twelve patients showed no new detectable deficits (false positives), however 2 of these cases showed asymptomatic infarction. Five patients with new hemisyndrome and 1 comatose patient did not show significant SSEP/MEP alterations (false negatives). Overall sensitivity of SSEP/MEP monitoring was 45.5%, specificity 89.8%, positive predictive value 27.8%, and negative predictive value 95.0%.CONCLUSIONSThe assumed positive impact of introducing SSEP/MEP monitoring on overall neurological outcome in ECUIA did not reach significance. This study suggests that from a medicolegal point of view, IOM is not stringently required in all neurovascular procedures. However, future studies should carefully address high-risk patients with complex procedures who might benefit more clearly from IOM than others.

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Jahanbin ◽  
Shirin Dokht Shirazi ◽  
Elaheh Kamyabnezhad ◽  
Neda Eslami ◽  
Seyed Hosein Hoseini Zarch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

Analysing CYP2D6*4 Allele frequency in Patients with Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S101-S102
Author(s):  
V. Djordjevic ◽  
T. Jevtovic Stoimenov
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right

IntroductionSchizophrenia is treated with antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications, many of which are substrates for the highly polymorphic CYP2D6 enzyme. The most frequent variant allele is CYP2D6*4- leading cause of poor metabolism (PM) phenotype. PM causes the reduction of therapeutic response, increase the risk of adverse drug reactions and increase the plasma concentration of both drug and its metabolites above the levels of toxicity.The AimAnalysing CYP2D6*4 allele frequency among schizophrenic patients for further individualisation and rationalisation of therapy.Patients and methodsResearch was conducted on 38 schizophrenic patients and 110 healthy individuals. CYP2D6*4 allele was detected with allele specific PCR.ResultsBoth wild type allele carriers are 55% of the schizophrenic patients, 45% are wild type/*4heterozygous, and *4/*4 homozygous are not identified. There is a statistically significant difference in the genotype distribution (P < 0.05) between schizophrenic patients and healthy individuals. Significantly higher *4 allele frequency (37%) comparing to healthy individuals (P < 0.0001) indicates the necessary caution in administration of CYP2D6 substrates. A lower frequency of PMs in schizophrenic patients than in healthy individuals could be explained with CYP2D6 neuroactive substrate metabolism. Forty-five percent of the schizophrenic patients are intermediate metabolisers carrying the higher risk of adverse response to CYP2D6 substrates comparing to wild type homozygous. As none of the analyzed patients was PM, exceeded plasma concentrations of medications above toxic levels are not expected when administrating the right dosage.ConclusionAltered CYP2D6 metabolism may contribute to the vulnerability, clinical severity and treatment outcome of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Abnormal speech perception in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Young-Cho Chung ◽  
Jong-Chul Yang ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim ◽  
Kwang-Yoon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cpt I

Background:The neurobiological mechanism of auditory hallucination (AH) in schizophrenia remains elusive, but AH can be caused by the abnormality in the speech perception system based on the speech perception neural network model.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether schizophrenic patients with AH have the speech processing impairment as compared with schizophrenic patients without AH, and whether the speech perception ability could be improved after AH had subsided.Methods:Twenty-four schizophrenic patients with AH were compared with 25 schizophrenic patients without AH. Narrative speech perception was assessed using a masked speech tracking (MST) task with three levels of superimposed phonetic noise. Sentence repetition task (SRT) and auditory continuous performance task (CPT) were used to assess grammar-dependent verbal working memory and non-language attention, respectively. These tests were measured before and after treatment in both groups.Results:Before treatment, schizophrenic patients with AH showed significant impairments in MST compared with those without AH. There were no significant differences in SRT and CPT correct (CPT-C) rates between both groups, but CPT incorrect (CPT-I) rate showed a significant difference. The low-score CPI-I group showed a significant difference in MST performance between the two groups, while the high-score CPI-I group did not. After treatment (after AH subsided), the hallucinating schizophrenic patients still had significant impairment in MST performance compared with non-hallucinating schizophrenic patients.Conclusions:Our results support the claim that schizophrenic patients with AH are likely to have a disturbance of the speech perception system. Moreover, our data suggest that non-language attention might be a key factor influencing speech perception ability and that speech perception dysfunction might be a trait marker in schizophrenia with AH.

scholarly journals Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
AKM Akramul Haque ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Zinat De Laila ◽  
Luna Laila ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

scholarly journals Difference between Right and Left Facial Surface Electromyography in Healthy People

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyeong Han Kim ◽  
Lak-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jong-Uk Kim ◽  
Tae-Han Yook
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Facial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Frontalis Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction. The study was to see whether there were differences in values of facial surface electromyography in subjects of good heath by muscles, age, and sex. Methods. It draws ratio between lower value and higher value (R-LV/HV) and asymmetry index (AI), based on root mean square (RMS) from measurement of facial surface electromyography (sEMG) in 154 people of healthy people (male:female = 70:84) aging between more than 20 and less than 70. Results. For R-LV/HV, it averages 81.70±14.60% on frontalis muscle, 73.74±19.12% on zygomaticus muscle, and 79.72±14.77% on orbicularis oris muscle. With analysis of the AI average was 10.87±10.14% on frontalis muscle, 16.71±14.79% on zygomaticus muscle, and 12.10±10.05% on orbicularis oris muscle. Both values were statistically significant in three parts of muscles as shown. Both of R-LV/HV and AI show no statistically significant difference on age and sex (p>0.05). Conclusions. It could provide basic data for the future diagnosis of facial nerve palsy patients by measuring facial sEMG values for healthy people.

scholarly journals Sleep and conditioning of the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin I. Thiede ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Albrecht P. A. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Classical Conditioning Procedure

Sleep is essential for memory consolidation after learning as shown in mammals and invertebrates such as bees and flies. Aplysia californica displays sleep and sleep in this mollusk was also found to support memory for an operant conditioning task. Here, we investigated whether sleep in Aplysia is also required for memory consolidation in a simpler type of learning, i.e., the conditioning of the siphon withdrawal reflex. Two groups of animals (Wake, Sleep, each n=11) were conditioned on the siphon withdrawal reflex with the training following a classical conditioning procedure where an electrical tail shock served as unconditioned stimulus (US) and a tactile stimulus to the siphon as conditioned stimulus (CS). Responses to the CS were tested before (Pre-test), 24 and 48 hours after training. While Wake animals remained awake for 6 hours after training, Sleep animals had undisturbed sleep. The 24h-test in both groups was combined with extinction training, i.e., the extended presentation of the CS alone over two blocks. At the 24h-test, siphon withdrawal durations to the CS were distinctly enhanced in both Sleep and Wake groups with no significant difference between groups, consistent with the view that consolidation of a simple conditioned reflex response does not require post-training sleep. Surprisingly, extinction training did not reverse the enhancement of responses to the CS. On the contrary, at the 48h-test, withdrawal durations to the CS were even further enhanced across both groups. This suggests that processes of sensitization, an even simpler non-associative type of learning, contributed to the withdrawal responses. Our study provides evidence for the hypothesis that sleep preferentially benefits consolidation of more complex learning paradigms than conditioning of simple reflexes.

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