The Motor Disorders of Mental Handicap

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rogers ◽  
C. Karki ◽  
C. Bartlett ◽  
P. Pocock
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Check List ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Abnormal Movements

Among 236 in-patients in one hospital for the mentally handicapped, there was a significant relationship between the amount of motor disorder (rated using a comprehensive check-list) and the severity of mental handicap, the presence of associated psychiatric disorder and the use of neuroleptic medication. The population was fairly evenly divided between those currently, previously and never having received neuroleptic medication. All categories of motor disorder, including abnormal movements, were present in all three subgroups. Neuroleptic medication appeared to modify the expression of motor disorder rather than producing it de novo. The range and frequency of motor disorders was comparable with that in patients with severe psychiatric illness. A common cerebral basis for the motor disorders of patients with mental handicap and severe psychiatric illness is suggested.

The Motor Disorders of Severe Psychiatric Illness: A Conflict of Paradigms

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Disorder

The motor disorder of 100 patients with severe psychiatric illness is described and the contribution of previous treatment, hospitalization and possible neurological disorder is considered. The conflict of paradigms between the concept that this motor disorder has two distinct aetiologies, psychiatric and neurological, and the concept that both motor and mental disorder are an expression of underlying cerebral disorder is discussed. An attempt is made to resolve this conflict by description of motor disorder without reference to neurological or psychiatric diagnosis.

Orofacial Dyskinesia in Down's Syndrome

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
Theresa Golden
Keyword(s):  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Abnormal Movements

Of 54 patients aged 30–60 years with a diagnosis of Down's syndrome, 38 had evidence of orofacial dyskinesia, assessed using the AIMS. There was a strong relationship between the presence of such movements and the severity of mental handicap. No relationship was found between abnormal movements and age. None of the patients had previously taken neuroleptic medication.

scholarly journals Quality of life in a residential setting

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 492-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Clinical Measures

The David Lewis Centre for Epilepsy has approximately 300 adult residents. All have epilepsy, which is often only partly alleviated by available treatments; many have mental handicap or psychiatric illness, adding to their total disability. The Centre's explicit aim of understanding and caring for people with epilepsy implies concern not just for clinical measures such as seizure frequency, but for our residents' quality of life.

A Combination of Constraint-Induced Therapy and Motor Control Retraining in the Treatment of Focal Hand Dystonia in Musicians: A Long-term Follow-up Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Berque ◽  
Heather Gray ◽  
Angus McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Focal Hand Dystonia ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Hand Dystonia

Focal hand dystonia (FHD) in musicians is a painless, task-specific motor disorder characterized by involuntary loss of control of individual finger movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of a combined behavioral therapy intervention aimed at normalizing finger movement patterns. METHODS: Eight musicians with FHD had taken part in the 1-year study involving intensive constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining at slow speed as the interventions. Four of these subjects volunteered to take part in this 4-year follow-up. A quasi-experimental, repeated measures design was used, with 9 testing sessions over 4 years. Video recordings of the subjects playing two pieces were used for data analysis. The Frequency of Abnormal Movements scale (FAM) was the main outcome measure. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in FAM scores achieved over the 4-year period. RESULTS: The results from the ANOVA revealed a significant decrease, by approximately 80%, in the number of abnormal movements for both pieces over the 4-year period (F=7.85, df=8, p<0.001). Tukey’s post-hoc test revealed that significant improvements occurred after 6 months of therapy (p-values between p<0.001 and p=0.044). Although the results were not significant between month 12 and follow-up at year 4, the trend revealed that the progress achieved during the first year of intensive retraining was maintained at year 4. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-year period of intensive task-specific retraining may be a successful strategy with long-term, lasting effects for the treatment of musician’s FHD. Results suggest that retraining strategies may need to be carried out for at least 6 months before statistically significant changes are noted.

A Psychometric Study of Academic Difficulty and Psychiatric Illness in Students

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (506) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryle ◽  
Martin Lunghi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Achievement ◽  
Psychometric Study ◽  
Academic Difficulty ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship

There is a growing body of evidence which points to a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder in students and to the contribution of such disturbance to wastage and under-achievement. The relationship between psychiatric illness and academic difficulty is, however, a complex one, for severely ill individuals may be capable of high achievement while apparently mildly disturbed students may fail academically through the operation of emotional factors. The ability to predict or detect at an early stage the psychiatrically or academically vulnerable student would clearly be of great value.

scholarly journals LDB2 locus disruption on 4p16.1 as a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasue Horiuchi ◽  
Tomoe Ichikawa ◽  
Tetsuo Ohnishi ◽  
Yoshimi Iwayama ◽  
Kazuya Toriumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Balanced Translocation ◽  
Gene Encoding

AbstractWe had previously reported the case of a male patient with schizophrenia, having de-novo balanced translocation. Here, we determined the exact breakpoints in chromosomes 4 and 13. The breakpoint within chromosome 4 was mapped to a region 32.6 kbp upstream of the LDB2 gene encoding Lim domain binding 2. Variant screening in LDB2 revealed a rare novel missense variant in patients with psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Genetic, Phenotypic, and Interferon Biomarker Status in ADAR1-Related Neurological Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 166-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Rice ◽  
Naoki Kitabayashi ◽  
Magalie Barth ◽  
Tracy Briggs ◽  
Annabel Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Dominant Negative Mutation

AbstractWe investigated the genetic, phenotypic, and interferon status of 46 patients from 37 families with neurological disease due to mutations in ADAR1. The clinicoradiological phenotype encompassed a spectrum of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, isolated bilateral striatal necrosis, spastic paraparesis with normal neuroimaging, a progressive spastic dystonic motor disorder, and adult-onset psychological difficulties with intracranial calcification. Homozygous missense mutations were recorded in five families. We observed a p.Pro193Ala variant in the heterozygous state in 22 of 23 families with compound heterozygous mutations. We also ascertained 11 cases from nine families with a p.Gly1007Arg dominant-negative mutation, which occurred de novo in four patients, and was inherited in three families in association with marked phenotypic variability. In 50 of 52 samples from 34 patients, we identified a marked upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated gene transcripts in peripheral blood, with a median interferon score of 16.99 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.64–25.71) compared with controls (median: 0.93, IQR: 0.57–1.30). Thus, mutations in ADAR1 are associated with a variety of clinically distinct neurological phenotypes presenting from early infancy to adulthood, inherited either as an autosomal recessive or dominant trait. Testing for an interferon signature in blood represents a useful biomarker in this context.

Ocular motor disorders

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Ocular Motor Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Eye Movement Disorders

This chapter discusses motor disorders of the eye. The first part of the chapter describes the proper examination of eye movements to facilitate identification of ocular motor disorder pathology. The effects of nerve palsies on ocular motor function are then described.Eye movement disorders can also have their cause in the central nervous system; both the brainstem, and cerebellum have been implicated as causal factors in some eye movement disorders. Disorders of the pupil, which affect the pupillary light reflex, can be caused by lesions to central, afferent and efferent pupillary pathways as well as sympathetic pathways lesions.Finally, this chapter describes diseases of the eye orbits, including dysthyroid eye disease, idiopathic orbital inflammation, orbital tumours, vascular disorders and orbital infections.

Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder: the Role of a Natural Disaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Examining the impact of natural disasters on psychological health provides an opportunity to study the role played by extreme adversity in the onset of psychiatric disorder. Four hundred and sixty-nine fire-fighters who had been intensely exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster completed a detailed inventory of their experiences four months later. They also completed a brief life events schedule and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Only 9% of the GHQ score variance could be accounted for by the disaster and other life events; the effects of the disaster appeared to be separate and additive. This is similar to the relationship between life events and psychiatric illness found in other settings. It is suggested that vulnerability is a more important factor in breakdown than the degree of stress experienced.

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