Regional Brain Metabolism During Auditory Hallucinations in Chronic Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cleghorn ◽  
E. S. Garnett ◽  
C. Nahmias ◽  
G. M. Brown ◽  
R. D. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Broca’S Region ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Regions of the brain involved in language and attention were studied using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET. In nine chronic DSM–III schizophrenic patients who had persistent auditory hallucinations, ten who had recovered from hallucinations and ten normal controls. In none of the regions examined was metabolic activity significantly different in hallucinating patients compared with that in other groups. However, a pattern of seven significant correlations of metabolic activity between language regions and between frontal and parietal cortex characterised the hallucinating but not the other groups. Three of the seven correlations were significantly greater in hallucinating patients than in the two other groups, and six were greater in hallucinating patients than controls. Metabolism in Broca's region and its right-hemisphere homologue correlated positively and significantly in the hallucinating group, as it did in anterior cingulate and left superior temporal areas, and in right frontal and parietal areas. Hallucination ratings correlated with metabolism in the anterior cingulate region.

Aberrant interhemispheric alpha coherence on electroencephalography in schizophrenic patients during activation tasks

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Morrison-Stewart ◽  
D. Velikonja ◽  
W. C. Corning ◽  
P. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Coherence Patterns ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisThirty schizophrenic patients (20 medicated, 10 off medication) were compared with 30 normal controls subjects matched for age, sex, handedness and intelligence. During the performance of a frontal activation task, normal subjects showed increased interhemispheric coherence between anterior brain regions. Schizophrenic patients did not show the same amount of bilateral anterior activation. During the performance of right hemisphere cognitive activation tasks, normal subjects and medicated schizophrenic patients showed significantly reduced bilateral interhemispheric coherence patterns, while the drug-free schizophrenic patients showed a trend towards this same pattern. It is suggested that these findings provide additional evidence for an aberrant functional organization of the brain in schizophrenia.

Quantitative Brain Measurements in Chronic Schizophrenia

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (562) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Rosenthal ◽  
Llewellyn B. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Organic Brain Disease ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Despite extensive gross and microscopic scrutiny, no consistent pathological findings have emerged from studies of autopsy material from schizophrenic patients. Dunlap (1924) carried out the first controlled study involving schizophrenic and control brains and concluded that ‘there was not even a suspicion of consistent organic brain disease as a basis for the psychosis of schizophrenia’. More recently both Wolf and Cowen (1952), and Weinstein (1954), reviewed the neuropathological literature and concluded that there were no consistent findings at autopsy that could be construed as characteristic of schizophrenia. These authors felt that earlier claims were based on failure to appreciate the range of normal variation in the brain as well as a failure to include an adequate control population in the study.

Coherence on Electroencephalography and Aberrant Functional Organisation of the Brain in Schizophrenic Patients During Activation Tasks

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Morrison-Stewart ◽  
Peter C. Williamson ◽  
William C. Corning ◽  
Stanley P. Kutcher ◽  
Harold Merskey
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Activation ◽  
Functional Organisation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
The Brain

Thirty schizophrenic patients (20 medicated, 10 off medication) were compared with 30 normal control subjects matched for age, sex, handedness, and intelligence. During the performance of left-hemisphere cognitive activation tasks, normal subjects had significantly increased EEG alpha coherence in areas related to left focal frontal sites, with decreases in temporal and posterior areas. Schizophrenic patients did not show the same degree of focal activation of left frontal areas. During the performance of right-hemisphere cognitive activation tasks, normal subjects and schizophrenic patients had similar patterns of right posterior increases in alpha coherence. Discriminant analyses were able to classify 81.4% of all subjects correctly. It is suggested that the findings indicate an aberrant functional organisation of the brain in schizophrenia, particularly affecting the left hemisphere.

scholarly journals Combined Parietal-Insular-Striatal Cortex Stroke with New-Onset Hallucinations: Supporting the Salience Network Model of Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Saheba Nanda ◽  
Krishna Priya ◽  
Tasmia Khan ◽  
Puja Patel ◽  
Heela Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Brain imaging studies have identified multiple neuronal networks and circuits in the brain with altered functioning in patients with schizophrenia. These include the hippocampo-cerebello-cortical circuit, the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit, functional integration in the bilateral caudate nucleus, and the salience network consisting of the insular cortex, parietal anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum, as well as limbic structures. Attributing psychotic symptoms to any of these networks in schizophrenia is confounded by the disruption of these networks in schizophrenic patients. Such attribution can be done with isolated dysfunction in any of these networks with concurrent psychotic symptoms. We present the case of a patient who presents with new-onset hallucinations and a stroke in brain regions similar to the salience network (insular cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum). The implication of these findings in isolating psychotic symptoms of the salience network is discussed.

scholarly journals A Study of the Duration of Controlled Speech in Right Hemisphere of the Brain Damaged Male Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agniva Pal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

This is a neuro-linguistic research which compares Bangla speaking right hemisphere damaged (furthermore to be called RHD) male participants to age and gender matched normal males who have been selected from the same family as the right hemisphere damaged participants. RHD or right hemisphere damaged participants are those who have lesions or damages in the right hemisphere of the brain or both. This paper pertains to the understanding how a lesion or a damage in the right hemisphere can cause changes in the pattern of communication of adult males in the age group of 45 to 70. This paper discerns the difference in durations of controlled speech in RHD males compared to age and gender matched normal controls. It will be measured with the help a predetermined passage. A passage will be played to them, using a media player (to make sure everyone listens to the same recording, ruling out chances of error there) and then they will be asked to repeat the same passage, as much as they can remember. In this research, we will be looking at the time they would take to narrate the whole passage without missing out on anything.

Hemispheric function in disorganized type schizophrenia: performance on the Quality Extinction Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Spivak ◽  
D Elimelech ◽  
R Ocring ◽  
R Mester ◽  
M Kotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Extinction Test ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Right Hemisphere Dysfunction ◽  
Interhemispheric Transmission ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Normal Controls

We assessed hemisphere function in right-handed male chronic, disorganized type schizophrenic patients (N = 60, age range 18–45 years) using the Quality Extinction Test (QET), in comparison to 20 right-handed male healthy controls in the same age range. The QET analysis discriminated between the disorganized schizophrenic patients and the controls. QET results indicated that chronic schizophrenic patients were less sensitive to tactile stimuli in both hands as compared to controls. Furthermore, the sensitivity to tactile stimuli of the left hand was less than that of the right hand in the schizophrenic patients. In contrast, in the normal controls the sensitivity was similar in both hands. These results indicate possible right hemisphere dysfunction together with disturbance in interhemispheric transmission through the corpus callosum in chronic, disorganized type schizophrenic patients.

scholarly journals Brain Organization in Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
Jonathan D. Brodie ◽  
Alfred P. Wolf ◽  
Francisco Gomez-Mont ◽  
Robert Cancro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Brain Factor

Brain metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]deoxyglucose during baseline and during a visual task in 12 normal subjects and 18 schizophrenic patients. Global measures of metabolism for 11 brain regions were transformed into relative values by dividing them by the metabolic value for whole brain. Factor analysis was accomplished on the matrix of intercorrelations among the relative regional values for the normal and for the schizophrenic patients under baseline and under the task. Four factors that revealed independently varying metabolism in frontal, occipital, left-versus-right hemisphere, and subcortical structures were obtained. The frontal and subcortical factors discriminated between normal subjects and schizophrenic patients, whereas the occipital factor discriminated between baseline and task. Although activity in these individual regions varied significantly, it was the pattern of differences in regional metabolic activity that best discriminated between diagnostic groups and testing conditions.

Clinicopathological investigation of the background of cognitive decline in elderly schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ayako Miwa ◽  
Mitsuaki Hirano ◽  
Youta Torii ◽  
Hirotaka Sekiguchi ◽  
Chikako Habuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuropathological Diagnosis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Objective: We have often observed dementia symptoms or severe neurocognitive decline in the long-term course of schizophrenia. While there are epidemiological reports that patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing dementia, there are also neuropathological reports that the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in schizophrenia is similar to that in normal controls. It is difficult to distinguish, based solely on the clinical symptoms, whether the remarkable dementia symptoms and cognitive decline seen in elderly schizophrenia are due to the course of the disease itself or a concomitant neurocognitive disease. Neuropathological observation is needed for discrimination. Methods: We conducted a neuropathological search on three cases of schizophrenia that developed cognitive decline or dementia symptoms after a long illness course of schizophrenia. The clinical symptoms of total disease course were confirmed retrospectively in the medical record. We have evaluated neuropathological diagnosis based on not only Hematoxylin–Eosin and Klüver–Barrera staining specimens but also immunohistochemical stained specimens including tau, β-amyloid, pTDP-43 and α-synuclein protein throughout clinicopathological conference with multiple neuropathologists and psychiatrists. Results: The three cases showed no significant pathological findings or preclinical degenerative findings, and poor findings consistent with symptoms of dementia were noted. Conclusion: Although the biological background of dementia symptoms in elderly schizophrenic patients is still unclear, regarding the brain capacity/cognitive reserve ability, preclinical neurodegeneration changes in combination with certain brain vulnerabilities due to schizophrenia itself are thought to induce dementia syndrome and severe cognitive decline.

scholarly journals The development concept of "endogenous psychoses"

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Brodmann Area ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Entorhinal Region ◽  
Endogenous Psychoses ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Several structural deviances in the brain in "endogenous psychoses" have been described over the last decades. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles and the subtle structural deficits in temporobasal and orbital frontal structures (hypofrontality) are reasonably well established in the majority of schizophrenic patients. We examined the cytoarchitecture of these important central structures, namely the entorhinal region and the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11), which have been under meticulous investigation in our laboratories over the last few decades. In a new series of schizophrenic patients and normal controls, we made serial cuts of the whole rostral entorhinal cortex on both sides. For this report, we selected two cases with very different psychopathologies, and present the serial cuts through both hemispheres and the malformations found. We report on the differing magnitude of the heterotopic malformations (for definition see page 103), either bilaterally or unilaterally.

Neurobiological Correlates of Learning Potential in Healthy Subjects and in Schizophrenic Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Pedersen ◽  
Karl H. Wiedl ◽  
Patricia Ohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Dynamic testing has increasingly been recognized as a measure of neurocognitive modifiability. For instance, executive function deficits as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) can be ameliorated in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients by integrating instructions and feedback into the testing procedure. In the first study reported herein, we investigated the relation between learning typology on the WCST and chronicity in 60 first-episode patients and 44 patients with chronic schizophrenia. We found that nonretainer categorization of WCST performance is not related to chronic schizophrenia. In the second study, we investigated the relationship between learning potential on the WCST and cerebral metabolism, assessed by single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in 43 schizophrenic patients and 37 matched healthy control subjects. The level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, in the DLPFC correlated with performance on the dynamic WCST in healthy subjects. In schizophrenic patients, a significant correlation was observed between NAA in the ACC and learning potential (cf. Ohrmann et al., 2008). These data suggest the involvement of different neuronal networks in learning among schizophrenic patients as compared to healthy controls.

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