Diagnosis, Personality and the Long-term Outcome of Depression

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Megan Neilson ◽  
Caroline Hunt ◽  
Gavin Stewart ◽  
L. G. Kiloh
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Patients diagnosed in the late 1960s as suffering from either endogenous or neurotic depression, or as presenting with depression but discharged with another neurotic diagnosis, were followed for 15 years. Diagnosis at index admission did not predict overall outcome, but patients with endogenous depression, an apparently stable diagnosis, had longer index admissions, were readmitted sooner, but spent less time ill than patients in either of the neurosis groups. Personality abnormality accounted for 20% of the variance in outcome in the neurotic groups and only 2% of the variance in the endogenous group. Thus there is evidence that endogenous and neurotic depression are two illnesses and that, in the neuroses particularly, prognosis will depend on the extent to which these personality abnormalities are modified by treatment.

The Long-Term Outcome of Depressive Illness

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Kiloh ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Megan Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Adequate Data

One hundred and forty-five patients with primary depressive illness admitted to a university hospital between 1966 and 1970 were followed up an average of 15 years later. Adequate data were obtained on 133 (92%) of the 145. During the follow-up period, 7% of the 133 had suicided, 12% had remained incapacitated by illness and only 20% had remained continuously well. Patients for whom the index admission was not their first were especially likely to be readmitted during the follow-up period. Patients with endogenous depression, none of whom developed schizophrenia during the follow-up period, were more likely to need readmission than patients with an index diagnosis of neurotic depression. In all other respects the prognosis for the two types of depression was the same, with considerable morbidity evident in both.

Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kirkegaard ◽  
J. Faber
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Altered Serum

Abstract. Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) were studied in 80 patients with endogenous depression before and after electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). Compared to the values found after recovery, the patients when depressed had significant increased serum levels of T4, rT3, 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2. Serum concentrations of T3 and 3,5-T2 were not significantly altered. Similarly the free T4 index (FT4I) was increased, while the free T3 index (FT3I) was unaffected. Previous studies have shown a reduced TSH response to TRH in patients with endogenous depression and that the long-term outcome after ECT is strongly related to changes in the TSH response. However, patients with increased TSH response to TRH (n = 23) had a pattern of serum iodothyronine concentrations similar to those (n = 57) with an unchanged TSH response. A similar pattern was also found in 7 patients with non-endogenous psychosis, in whom the TSH response to TRH was unchanged after recovery. It is concluded that the alterations of the TSH response to TRH found in endogenous depression cannot be explained by changes of FT4I or FT3I.

An evaluation of the Feighner criteria for schizophrenia and affective disorders using long-term outcome data

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming T. Tsuang ◽  
Robert F. Woolson ◽  
John C. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Bipolar Patients

SynopsisSchizophrenia and affective disorders selected according to the Feighner criteria can be differentiated on the basis of 40-year outcome. Within schizophrenia the presence of disorganized thoughts at the index admission was associated with poor outcome, whereas better outcome was associated with the presence of delusions or hallucinations. Within the affective disorders, bipolar patients with grandiose delusions or ideas showed a poor outcome; a better outcome was found in unipolar patients with complaints of fatiguability or tiredness at the time of the index admission.

The Long-Term Outcome of Maudsley Depressives

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Lee ◽  
Robin M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Eighty-nine consecutive admissions with primary depressive illness were prospectively ascertained and diagnosed in 1965–66 by R. E. Kendell, who also allocated each a position on a neurotic-psychotic continuum on the basis of previous discriminant function analysis. In 1983–84, 94% of the survivors were personally interviewed by a psychiatrist blind to index admission data. Operational outcome criteria were employed and longitudinal data were established for 98% of the series. Mortality risk was doubled overall, and increased sevenfold for women under 40 years at index admission. Less than one-fifth of the survivors had remained well, and over one-third of the series suffered unnatural death or severe chronic distress and handicap. Patients whose index episode marked their first psychiatric contact had a 50% chance of readmission within their lifetime, but those with previous admissions had a 50% chance of readmission within three years. Readmissions occurred even after 12 years of being symptom-free, and conversely patients recovered after as long as 15 years of illness. There was a high incidence of other disorders (schizoaffective disorder, alcoholism, schizophrenia), and only four patients showed pure recurrent unipolar histories. Patients at the psychotic end of the continuum were more likely to be readmitted and to have very poor outcomes.

Long-term outcome of treatment with cyclosporine IV for patients with intractable ulcerative colitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A624-A624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J ARTS ◽  
M ZEEGERS ◽  
G DHAENS ◽  
G VANASSCHE ◽  
M HIELE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome
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