Disturbed Endocrine Function in the Psychoses

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Whalley ◽  
J. E. Christie ◽  
D. H. R. Blackwood ◽  
J. Bennie ◽  
H. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Discriminant function analyses were performed on plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, Cortisol, TSH, and the neurophysins measured over 17 hours in 70 newly admitted drug-free psychiatric patients and 35 control subjects. The hormone data distinguished between patients with different classes of drug-free psychosis (26 schizophrenic, 12 with manic disorder, 10 with major depressive disorder, psychotic subtype, 9 with schizoaffective mania (SAM)). Higher plasma Cortisol and lower TSH concentrations separated eight of nine SAM patients from all others.

The Effect of Desipramine upon Central Adrenergic Function in Depressed Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana B. Glass ◽  
Stuart A. Checkley ◽  
Eric Shur ◽  
Sheila Dawling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adaptive Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Uptake Of Noradrenaline ◽  
Drug Free

SummaryEleven drug free patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder have been treated with desipramine and given a clonidine infusion after 0, 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. The sedative and hypotensive effects of clonidine were significantly inhibited after three weeks of treatment with desipramine: a similar interaction was seen after one week of treatment although this just failed to reach statistical significance. The growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine was initially impaired, but increased significantly after one week of treatment. A significant reduction in the GH response occurred during the second and third weeks of treatment with desipramine. This last finding is interpreted as evidence of adaptive change of α2 adrenoceptors: the other changes can be explained by the known ability of desipramine to block the re-uptake of noradrenaline.

Tricyclic Wash-out and Growth Hormone Response to Clonidine

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schittecatte ◽  
G. Charles ◽  
R. Machowski ◽  
J. Wilmotte
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

We have observed a significantly higher growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine administration (150 μg i.v.) in 14 patients with a major depressive disorder who had never received antidepressant therapy than in 14 matched depressive patients who had not received tricyclic drugs for at least 15 days. Compared with a control group of eight subjects, untreated depressed patients, as a group, had a normal response, while matched patients had markedly blunted response. Results for the group of untreated depressed patients showed that some patients had a blunted response while others had a response in the normal range. The results suggest that studies on the GH response to clonidine in psychiatric patients need to take into account the confounding and long-lasting effects of tricyclics.

Disturbed Endocrine Function in the Psychoses

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Whalley ◽  
J. E. Christie ◽  
D. H. R. Blackwood ◽  
J. Bennie ◽  
H. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Response To Stress

Plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, cortisol, TSH, and the neurophysins were measured over 17 hours in 98 newly admitted psychiatric patients and 35 control subjects. Seventy patients had been free of psychotropic medication for three months. Patients with schizoaffective mania (SAM) differed significantly from control subjects by increased plasma Cortisol concentrations and decreased night-time TSH concentrations. The latter were also significantly lower than in both schizophrenic and manic disorder patients. Plasma Cortisol was increased to a lesser extent in other psychotic subgroups, and increases in prolactin were most marked in the affective psychoses. There was little diagnostic specificity for psychoses other than SAM. Higher Cortisol and prolactin levels may be due to the stimulatory effect of serotonergic pathways, but the neural mechanisms underlying lower night-time TSH levels in SAM are not known. The findings are not consistent with the view (a) that the hormonal changes of the psychoses simply reflect a non-specific response to stress, or (b) that the biological abnormalities of the psychoses can be accounted for by a single continuum of disturbance.

Raised Plasma Cortisol Concentrations a Feature of Drug-Free Psychotics and not Specific for Depression

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice E. Christie ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley ◽  
Heinz Dick ◽  
Douglas M. R. Blackwood ◽  
Ivy M. Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Drug Free

To determine whether high plasma cortisol concentrations are a distinctive feature of depression or whether plasma cortisol is also elevated in other forms of psychosis, cortisol concentrations were measured in 59 patients with acute functional psychoses, six non-psychotic depressed patients and 37 control subjects, all free of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs for at least three months. Patients with schizoaffective disorder, manic type, had the highest concentrations throughout the day and those with major depressive disorder, psychotic sub-type had higher concentrations than controls in the afternoon and evening. Manic and schizophrenic patients had cortisol concentrations above controls in the afternoon only. Elevated concentrations were not related to the presence of depressed mood or to duration of stay in hospital, and a return to normal occurred irrespective of the type of treatment used. Thus raised plasma cortisol concentrations are a feature of psychotic illness, but in drug-free patients are not specific for severe depression.

scholarly journals IL-10 is associated with increased mu-opioid receptor levels in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaer Zeki Al-Fadhel ◽  
Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽  
Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili ◽  
Michael Maes
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Drug Free

AbstractObjective:Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) and aberrations in endogenous opioids play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies which examined the associations between both systems in MDD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between β-Endorphin (β-EP), Endomorphin-2, and their mu-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in MDD patients.Method:The study included 60 depressed drug-free male patients and 30 matched controls. Serum β-EP, Endomorphin-2, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA techniques.Results:The results revealed a significant increase in serum β-EP, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 in MDD patients versus healthy controls. MOR levels were strongly associated with IL-10 levels. There were no significant correlations between endogenous opioids and IL-6 and IL-10.Conclusion:The results show that MOR levels may function as a possible component of the CIRS whilst there is no evidence that β-EP and EM-2 may modify the IRS. The significant correlation between MOR levels and IL-10 may be explained through central activation of the HPA-axis and increased B-cell numbers expressing MOR as a response to cytokine over-secretion in MDD.

Seizure Threshold Determination for Electroconvulsive Therapy: Stimulus dose Titration Versus Age-Based Estimations

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W.G. Tiller ◽  
Nicholas Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Determinations

Objective: This study compared electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) seizure threshold determined by stimulus dose titration with age-based estimations. Method: Patients with major depressive disorder had their initial seizure thresholds determined by stimulus dose titration and the results compared with age-based estimations. There are no significant differences in thresholds determined by these methods. Results: Two hundred and three psychiatric patients (149 females, 54 males) had their seizure thresholds determined by stimulus dose titration. There was a significant positive correlation between seizure thresholds and age for males and females with male thresholds greater than female thresholds. Age determinations of seizure threshold would have resulted in excessive initial treatment stimuli for 30% of females and 8% of males. Ineffective stimulus doses would have been given to 2% of females and 7% of males on a full age basis and 64% using a half age strategy. Conclusions: For effective high-dose right unilateral ECT, initial seizure threshold should be determined by stimulus dose titration.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Secretion in Children and Adolescents at High Risk for Major Depressive Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
Ronald E. Dahl ◽  
Douglas E. Williamson ◽  
James M. Perel ◽  
David A. Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Major Depressive
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document