Cerebral Vascular Transit Time in Alzheimer's Disease and Korsakoff's Psychosis and its Relation to Cognitive Function

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hunter ◽  
M. V. Merrick ◽  
C. Ferrington ◽  
A. Notghi ◽  
R. McLuskie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Presenile Dementia ◽  
Bolus Intravenous Injection ◽  
Tomographic Projection ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

The cerebral vascular transit time of 17 patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type (ATD), nine abstinent patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's psychosis (KOR), and ten age-matched controls was determined by the bolus intravenous injection of pertechnetate. A gamma camera was used to estimate the median transit time (MTT) of the radioactive bolus in a planar (non-tomographic) projection normal to the vertex. The spread of the bolus arriving at the aortic arch was measured independently by a single external detector over the chest, and correction made for the transit time of this input function in calculating the net MTT for the head. Both ATD and KOR groups showed lengthened net MTTs, compatible with reduced cerebral blood flow, and which were correlated with reduced cognitive function. It is concluded that the method employed gives a simple, inexpensive estimate of function-related blood flow to the brain in presenile dementia.

scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

scholarly journals Interrelationships Among Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Mean Transit Time, Vascular Volume and Cerebral Vascular Resistance

Stroke ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIHIRO KURIYAMA ◽  
TAKASHI AOYAMA ◽  
KUNIHIKO TADA ◽  
SHOTARO YONEDA ◽  
TADAATSU NUKADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galdino Valvassori ◽  
Glen D. Dobben
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Permanent or transient reduction of the blood flow to the brain is often responsible for dizziness and occasionally sensorineural hearing loss. So far the diagnosis of this condition has been made by angiography, either carotid or vertebral arteriography, but there is a justified reluctance of subjecting unselected patients to this invasive procedure. It is the purpose of this paper to present a new approach to the diagnosis of cerebral vascular insufficiency based on a three-step protocol. The two initial steps are formed by noninvasive techniques and may be used for the selection of those cases requiring additional diagnostic procedures. 1) Cerebral hemodynamic evaluation provides a physiologic assessment of the direct carotid and indirect carotid and vertebral blood flow. It includes ocular plethysmography and ophthalmodynamometry obtained with the patient supine and erect, without and during carotid compression. 2) Computerized tomography allows an evaluation of the brain substance and of the changes produced by vascular insufficiency such as brain atrophy, infarcts and encephalomalacia. A new form of radiographic assessment based on a dynamic evaluation of regional blood flow will be introduced in this paper. 3) Carotid and vertebral arteriograms are performed only on those cases demonstrating a significant cerebral vascular insufficiency by the previous tests and in cases where corrective surgery is contemplated.

scholarly journals Effect of Paprika Xanthophyll Supplementation on Cognitive Improvement in a Multitasking Exercise: A Pilot Study for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Asako Shirai ◽  
Tsuyoshi Wadazumi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
The Brain

Ingestion of paprika xanthophyll supplement (PX), which has antioxidant effects, has been recently reported to maintain red blood cell deformability and improve oxygen delivery efficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that the brain activation induced by multitasking exercise in middle-aged and older participants along with the improved erythrocyte oxygen-carrying efficiency induced by PX supplementation would show a synergistic effect, increasing oxygen supply to the brain and improving cognitive function more effectively. In study 1, cerebral blood flow measurements were conducted during the multitasking exercise and cognitive function tests to verify their effect on cognitive function. The results confirmed that cerebral blood flow increased during the exercise and cognitive function improved after the exercise. In study 2, we compared the effects of the multitasking exercise on cognitive function before and after PX supplementation in middle-aged and older participants to evaluate the effects of PX supplementation. The results suggested that PX supplementation enhanced the effects of active multitasking exercise on cognitive function. We speculate that the improvement of oxygen transport efficiency by PX resulted in more effective oxygen supply, allowing the multitasking exercise to occur more effectively, which was reflected as an improvement in the cognitive function.

Effects of Photobiomodulation on Changes in Cognitive Function and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Uncontrolled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ji Soo Baik ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Nam Gyun Kim ◽  
Kyoungjune Pak ◽  
Sung-Hwa Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
The Brain

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) affects local blood flow regulation through nitric oxide generation, and various studies have reported on its effect on improving cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of PBM in the areas of the vertebral arteries (VA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA), which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, has not been previously investigated. Objective: We aimed to determine whether irradiating PBM in the areas of the VA and ICA, which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, improved regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive function. Methods: Fourteen patients with mild cognitive impairments were treated with PBM. Cognitive assessment and single-photon emission computed tomography were implemented at the baseline and at the end of PBM. Results: Regarding rCBF, statistically significant trends were found in the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and occipital lateral cortex. Based on the cognitive assessments, statistically significant trends were found in overall cognitive function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Conclusion: We confirmed the possibility that PBM treatment in the VA and ICA areas could positively affect cognitive function by increasing rCBF. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate the potential of PBM.

scholarly journals Vascular surgery and an occurrence of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Natalia Leksa ◽  
◽  
Adam Uryniak ◽  
David Aebisher ◽  
David Leksa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Introduction. The brain responds to metabolic disorders with a limited array of symptoms and signs. The brain has enormous needs in terms of substrate and blood flow. Aim. This paper presents a case report reporting episode of stroke. Description of the case. The incidence of cerebral vascular episodes in the form of strokes, transient episodes of cerebral ischemia is reported. Conclusion. The chemical constituency of the brain are generally quite different from those of other tissues. Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden focal or generalized brain dysfunction.

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