Spastic dysphonia and denervation signs in a young man with tardive dyskinesia

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Lieberman ◽  
Ross Reife
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Muscle Denervation ◽  
Neurological Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pathophysiological theories of tardive dyskinesia (TD) suggest the possibility of structural changes in the central nervous system of patients with TD. This report describes a case of choreoathetoid dyskinesia and spastic dysphonia associated with clinical and electromyographic signs of muscle denervation. The findings of this case suggest that the neurological syndrome originates within basal ganglia nuclei but may also extend to the peripheral neuromuscular system.

Serotonin Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Gobeske ◽  
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serotonin Toxicity

Serotonin syndrome affects the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the neuromuscular system and can have acute and potentially life-threatening manifestations. By definition, serotonin syndrome is associated with changes in serotonin exposure and thus might be described more accurately as serotonergic excess or serotonin toxicity. The central nervous system effects of serotonin involve regulation of attention, arousal, mood, learning, appetite, and temperature.

The Pathology of Milkiness, Thickening, and Opacity of the Pia-arachnoid in the Insane

1895 ◽  
Vol 41 (175) ◽  
pp. 622-635
Author(s):  
W. F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

There is at the present time great need of more complete and definite knowledge as to the pathology of the very marked structural changes that so commonly affect the pia-arachnoid in the insane. The subject is one of much importance to all of us as medical psychologists, for not only is the condition in question one of the most conspicuous lesions associated with mental disease, but it implicates a structure of primary importance in the economy of the central nervous system. It is by way of vessels that course through this membrane that nutriment is conveyed to the brain cortex, and the waste products resulting from metabolism in the cerebral tissues are mainly conveyed away in the fluid that circulates in its lymph spaces. Therefore it is evident that these morbid changes may very seriously interfere with the functions both of nutrition and excretion in the brain.

Planning and execution of multijoint movements

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
External Space ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multijoint Movements

This paper reviews some recent studies related to the generation of simple multijoint arm movements. Two principal issues are considered. The first concern is how movements are represented internally by the central nervous system. There are many possible sets of coordinates that could be used to represent arm movements. Two of the possibilities are reviewed: representation in terms of joint angular motions versus representation in terms of motions of the hand in external space coordinates. A second concern is the transformation from intention to action: how is an internal representation of motion expressed by the neuromuscular system? The computational complexity of this problem is reviewed. A way in which the mechanics of the neuromuscular system could be exploited to simplify this problem is discussed.

scholarly journals Experience-Associated Structural Events, Subependymal Cellular Proliferative Activity, and Functional Recovery After Injury to the Central Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Schallert ◽  
J. Leigh Leasure ◽  
Bryan Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Considerable structural plasticity is possible in the damaged neocortex and connected brain areas, and the potential for significant functional recovery remains even during the chronic phases of the recovery process. In this article, the authors review the literature on use-dependent morphologic events, focusing on the direct interaction of behavioral experience and structural changes associated with plasticity and degeneration. Experience-associated neural changes have the potential to either hinder or enhance functional recovery; therefore, issues concerning the nature, timing, and intensity of behavior-based intervention strategies are addressed.

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