Female Unemployment and Attempted Suicide

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Joan Fagg ◽  
Susan Simkin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Unemployed

Unemployment became more common among females attempting suicide in Oxford between 1976 and 1985, although the rise was less than expected from the increased general-population female unemployment rate. Rates of attempted suicide among unemployed women between 1979 and 1982 were 7.5–10.9 times higher than those of employed women, and were particularly high in women unemployed for more than a year. Many more unemployed than employed women attempting suicide had a history of psychiatric difficulties, were suffering from alcoholism, and made repeat attempts. Two possible explanations are: firstly, the secondary consequences of unemployment increase the risk of suicidal behaviour; and, secondly, women already predisposed to psychiatric difficulties and hence attempted suicide are more likely to become unemployed.

scholarly journals Patterns and motivations for method choices in suicidal thoughts and behaviour: qualitative content analysis of a large online survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marzano ◽  
Dafni Katsampa ◽  
Jay-Marie Mackenzie ◽  
Ian Kruger ◽  
Nazli El-Gharbawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Impulsive Behaviour ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
History Of

Background Choice of suicide method can strongly influence the outcome of suicidal behaviour, and is an important aspect of the process and planning involved in a suicide attempt. Yet, the reasons why individuals consider, choose or discard particular methods are not well understood. Aims This is the first study to explore method choices among people with a history of suicidal behaviour and individuals who have experienced, but not enacted, suicidal thoughts. Method Via an online survey, we gathered open-ended data about choice of methods in relation to suicidal thoughts and behaviours, including reasons for and against specific means of harm. Results A total of 712 respondents had attempted suicide, and a further 686 experienced suicidal thoughts (but not acted on them). Self-poisoning was the most commonly contemplated and used method of suicide, but most respondents had considered multiple methods. Method choices when contemplating suicide included a broader range of means than those used in actual attempts, and more unusual methods, particularly if perceived to be lethal, ‘easy’, quick, accessible and/or painless. Methods used in suicide attempts were, above all, described as having been accessible at the time, and were more commonly said to have been chosen impulsively. Key deterrents against the use of specific methods were the presence of and impact on other people, especially loved ones, and fears of injury and survival. Conclusions Exploration of method choices can offer novel insights into the transition from suicidal ideation to behaviour. Results underscore the need for preventative measures to restrict access to means and delay impulsive behaviour.

A Study of Attempted Suicides in Prisons

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Wool ◽  
Enda Dooley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

To date there have been very few studies of attempted suicide occurring in prison. This study analyses 111 reports of attempted suicide occurring in a one-year period in the prisons of the Midlands and South West regions of England. Unlike the general population, where there are marked differences (age, sex, etc.) between those attempting and those completing suicide, the characteristics for both groups in prison are similar, high risk being associated with youth, with being on remand or recently sentenced, and with a history of mental or physical illness. There is some indication that those in Young Offender Establishments may be more likely to attempt suicide by hanging. The motivation given by the inmates most commonly stated some form of emotional stress relating to poor communication with family or friends, and in this respect they are similar to attempters outside prison.

scholarly journals History of Suicide Attempts in Adults With Asperger Syndrome

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Paquette-Smith ◽  
Jonathan Weiss ◽  
Yona Lunsky
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Autism Symptomatology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Severe Autism

Background: Individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) may be at higher risk for attempting suicide compared to the general population. Aims: This study examines the issue of suicidality in adults with AS. Method: An online survey was completed by 50 adults from across Ontario. The sample was dichotomized into individuals who had attempted suicide (n = 18) and those who had not (n = 32). We examined the relationship between predictor variables and previous attempts, and compared the services that both groups are currently receiving. Results: Over 35% of individuals with AS reported that they had attempted suicide in the past. Individuals who attempted suicide were more likely to have a history of depression and self-reported more severe autism symptomatology. Those with and without a suicidal history did not differ in terms of the services they were currently receiving. This study looks at predictors retrospectively and cannot ascertain how long ago the attempt was made. Although efforts were made to obtain a representative sample, there is the possibility that the individuals surveyed may be more or less distressed than the general population with AS. Conclusion: The suicide attempt rate in our sample is much higher than the 4.6% lifetime prevalence seen in the general population. These findings highlight a need for more specialized services to help prevent future attempts and to support this vulnerable group.

Traits, Attitudes and Symptoms in a Group of Attempted Suicides

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (534) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair E. Philip
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Case

Much early research on attempted suicide looked upon this phenomenon as failed, frustrated or bungled suicide, an attitude which still persists among the general population. Conceptually, attempted suicide was viewed as a special case of suicide, and theories about the latter were used to explain the former, without much success. Stengel's influential monograph (Stengel and Cook, 1958) made an important contribution to the study of suicidal behaviour by contending that attempted suicide presented issues peculiar to itself as well as sharing problems with suicide. The definition of attempted suicide offered by Stengel (1964) is as follows, ‘A suicidal attempt is any act of self-damage inflicted with self-destructive intention, however vague and ambiguous. Sometimes this intention has to be inferred from the patient's behaviour.’ Suicidal attempts as thus defined are frequently insufficient to cause death, and must be related to the social setting of the patient. In situations which might be called crises of despair some people injure themselves in order to appeal for help, to spite others or to submit themselves to trial by ordeal. Stengel's definition has found general favour, although Kessel (1966) tried to promote the term self-poisoning, arguing that this term aroused fewer preconceived notions in the minds of the uninitiated.

scholarly journals Lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with neurofibromatosis 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergqvist ◽  
François Hemery ◽  
Arnaud Jannic ◽  
Salah Ferkal ◽  
Pierre Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
History Of

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an inherited, autosomal-dominant, tumor predisposition syndrome with a birth incidence as high as 1:2000. A patient with NF1 is four to five times more likely to develop a malignancy as compared to the general population. The number of epidemiologic studies on lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with NF1 is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of lymphoproliferative malignancies (lymphoma and leukemia) in NF1 patients followed in our referral center for neurofibromatoses. We used the Informatics for Integrated Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform to extract information from the hospital’s electronic health records. We performed a keyword search on clinical notes generated between Jan/01/2014 and May/11/2020 for patients aged 18 years or older. A total of 1507 patients with confirmed NF1 patients aged 18 years and above were identified (mean age 39.2 years; 57% women). The total number of person-years in follow-up was 57,736 (men, 24,327 years; women, 33,409 years). Mean length of follow-up was 38.3 years (median, 36 years). A total of 13 patients had a medical history of either lymphoma or leukemia, yielding an overall incidence rate of 22.5 per 100,000 (0.000225, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.000223–0.000227). This incidence is similar to that of the general population in France (standardized incidence ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.60–1.79). Four patients had a medical history leukemia and 9 patients had a medical history of lymphoma of which 7 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2 had Hodgkin lymphoma. Our results show that adults with NF1 do not have an increased tendency to develop lymphoproliferative malignancies, in contrast to the general increased risk of malignancy. While our results are consistent with the recent population-based study in Finland, they are in contrast with the larger population-based study in England whereby NF1 individuals were found to be 3 times more likely to develop both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Large-scale epidemiological studies based on nationwide data sets are thus needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals The characteristics of patients with possible familial hypercholesterolemia—screening a large payer/provider healthcare delivery system

QJM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Elis ◽  
M Leventer-Roberts ◽  
A Bachrach ◽  
N Lieberman ◽  
R Durst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an under-diagnosed condition. Aim We applied standard laboratory criteria across a large longitudinal electronic medical record database to describe cross-sectional population with possible FH. Methods A cross-sectional study of Clalit Health Services members. Subjects who met the General Population MED-PED laboratory criteria, excluding: age <10 years, documentation of thyroid, liver, biliary or autoimmune diseases, a history of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater, the presence of urine protein >300 mg/l, HDL-C>80 mg/dl, active malignancy or pregnancy at the time of testing were considered possible FH. Demographic and clinical characteristics are described at time of diagnosis and at a single index date following diagnosis to estimate the burden on the healthcare system. The patient population is also compared to the general population. Results The study cohort included 12 494 subjects with out of over 4.5 million members of Clalit Health Services. The estimated prevalence of FH in Israel was found to be 1:285. These patients are notably positive for, and have a family history of, cardiovascular disease and risk factors. For most of them the LDL-C levels are not controlled, and only a quarter of them are medically treated. Conclusions By using the modified MED-PED criteria in a large electronic database, patients with possible FH can be identified enabling early intervention and treatment.

Attempted suicide attention at an emergency room: A hospital-based descriptive approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S603-S603
Author(s):  
D. Torres ◽  
G. Martinez-Ales ◽  
M. Quintana ◽  
V. Pastor ◽  
M.F. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Medium Cost ◽  
Rule Out

IntroductionSuicide causes 1.4% of deaths worldwide. Twenty times more frequent, suicide attempts entail an important source of disability and of psychosocial and medical resources use.ObjectiveTo describe main socio-demographical and psychiatric risk factors of suicide attempters treated in a general hospital's emergency room basis.AimsTo identify individual features potentially useful to improve both emergency treatments and resource investment.MethodsA descriptive study including data from 2894 patients treated in a general hospital's emergency room after a suicidal attempt between years 2006 and 2014.ResultsSixty-nine percent of the population treated after an attempted suicide were women. Mean age was 38 years old. Sixty-six percent had familiar support; 48.5% had previously attempted a suicide (13% did not answer this point); 72.6% showed a personal history of psychiatric illness. Drug use was present in 38.3% of the patients (20.3% did not answer this question); 23.5% were admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Medium cost of a psychiatric hospitalization was found to be 4900 euros.ConclusionThis study results agree with previously reported data. Further observational studies are needed in order to bear out these findings, rule out potential confounders and thus infer and quantify causality related to each risk factor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Experiences of substance-using suicidal males who present frequently to the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Spence ◽  
Yvonne Bergmans ◽  
Carol Strike ◽  
Paul S. Links ◽  
Jeffrey S. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Iterative Coding

ABSTRACTObjective:This qualitative study investigated the repeated use of the emergency department (ED) by men with a history of suicidal behaviour and substance abuse to understand the needs and barriers to care for this high-risk group. Identification of common themes from interviews with patients and health care workers can serve as a basis for improved ED-based interventions.Methods:Using semistructured interviews, patients, ED staff and family physicians were asked about needs of the aformentioned group. Twenty-five patients were interviewed and completed questionnaires regarding their substance use, aggression, parasuicidal behaviour, alexithymia and childhood trauma. In addition, 27 staff members were interviewed. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using an iterative coding process.Results:Of the 25 patients, 23 (96%) had a mood or anxiety disorder and 18 (75%) had borderline personality disorder. One-half of the patients scored high and another quarter scored moderate on alexithymia testing. The ED was viewed as a last resort despite seeking help. Frustration was felt by both patients and staff regarding difficult communication, especially during an acute crisis.Conclusion:The ED plays an important role in the provision of care for men with recurrent suicidal behaviour and substance abuse. Some of the diagnoses and problems faced by these patients are beyond the purview of the ED; however, staff can identify mutual goals for crisis interventions, allow for frequent communication and seek to de-escalate situations through the validation of the stress patients are experiencing.

PW01-109 - Epidemiology and characteristics of suicidal behaviour in general population in Slovenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
S. Roskar ◽  
T. Kamin ◽  
H. Jericek Klanscek ◽  
M. Zorko ◽  
M. Bajt
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour

scholarly journals The impact of strengthening mental health services to prevent suicidal behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-An Atkinson ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Mark Heffernan ◽  
Geoff McDonnell ◽  
Ante Prodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Service Capacity ◽  
Forecast Period ◽  
Hospital Staffing

Objective: Successive suicide prevention frameworks and action plans in Australia and internationally have called for improvements to mental health services and enhancement of workforce capacity. However, there is debate regarding the priorities for resource allocation and the optimal combination of mental health services to best prevent suicidal behaviour. This study investigates the potential impacts of service capacity improvements on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the Australian context. Methods: A system dynamics model was developed to investigate the optimal combination of (1) secondary (acute) mental health service capacity, (2) non-secondary (non-acute) mental health service capacity and (3) resources to re-engage those lost to services on the incidence of suicidal behaviour over the period 2018–2028 for the Greater Western Sydney (Australia) population catchment. The model captured population and behavioural dynamics and mental health service referral pathways and was validated using population survey and administrative data, evidence syntheses and an expert stakeholder group. Results: Findings suggest that 28% of attempted suicide and 29% of suicides could be averted over the forecast period based on a combination of increases in (1) hospital staffing (with training in trauma-informed care), (2) non-secondary health service capacity, (3) expansion of mental health assessment capacity and (4) re-engagement of at least 45% of individuals lost to services. Reduction in the number of available psychiatric beds by 15% had no substantial impact on the incidence of attempted suicide and suicide over the forecast period. Conclusion: This study suggests that more than one-quarter of suicides and attempted suicides in the Greater Western Sydney population catchment could potentially be averted with a combination of increases to hospital staffing and non-secondary (non-acute) mental health care. Reductions in tertiary care services (e.g. psychiatric hospital beds) in combination with these increases would not adversely affect subsequent incidence of suicidal behaviour.

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