Expressed Emotion and Schizophrenia in North India

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leff ◽  
N. N. Wig ◽  
D. K. Menon ◽  
H. Bedi ◽  
L. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
American Studies ◽  
North India ◽  
The North ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Relapse Rates

We conducted a one-year follow-up of patients who had made a first contact with psychiatric services in Chandigarh, North India, and had been assigned a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The expressed emotion (EE) of the patients' relatives was assessed early on. We found the same associations between the individual components of EE and relapse of schizophrenia as in previous Anglo-American studies, but only the association between hostility and relapse was statistically significant. Applying the same criteria as in the Anglo American studies for ‘high EE’, we found a significant relationship between high EE and relapse. This relationship was not explained by other factors often associated with higher relapse rates. We conclude that the significantly better outcome of Chandigarh first-contact patients compared with a London sample is largely due to the significantly lower proportion of high-EE relatives in the North Indian sample.

Relatives' Expressed Emotion and the Course of Schizophrenia in Chandigarh

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leff ◽  
N. N. Wig ◽  
H. Bedi ◽  
D. K. Menon ◽  
L. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The West ◽  
Initial Interview ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Subsequent Relapse

A two-year follow-up was conducted of a subsample of the Chandigarh cohort of first-contact schizophrenic patients from the WHO Determinants of Outcome project. The patients were those living with family members who had been interviewed initially to determine their levels of expressed emotion (EE). The interview was repeated for 74% of the relatives at one-year follow-up. A dramatic reduction had occurred in each of the EE components and in the global index. No rural relative was rated as high EE at follow-up. Of the patients included in the one-year follow-up, 86% were followed for two years. In contrast to the one-year findings, the global EE index at initial interview did not predict relapse of schizophrenia over the subsequent two years. However, there was a significant association between initial hostility and subsequent relapse. The better outcome of this cohort of schizophrenic patients compared with samples from the West is partly attributable to tolerance and acceptance by family members.

Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one year follow-up

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stirling ◽  
Digby Tantam ◽  
Philip Thomas ◽  
David Newby ◽  
Linda Montague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Early Admission ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

SYNOPSISKey relatives of 33 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenics) were interviewed to determine household levels of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up for 12 months from index admission, during which time 13 (39%) experienced psychotic relapse. There was no association between relapse rate and household EE, but correlations between individual components of EE and pre-morbid measures suggest that level of criticism may be related to less acute onset of index episode, greater elapsed time since first signs of illness, and poor adjustment in the realm of work/study. The results are discussed in the context of continuing uncertainties about the precise nature of the relationship between EE and relapse.

Group Versus Individual Cognitive Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Changes in Severity at Post-Treatment and One-Year Follow-up

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cabedo ◽  
Amparo Belloch ◽  
Carmen Carrió ◽  
Christina Larsson ◽  
Héctor Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Cbt

Background: Very few studies have compared the efficacy of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by taking into consideration the change in OCD severity in both the short and long term. Aims: To conduct an open trial of individual versus group CBT for OCD, comparing the clinical and statistically significant changes in severity both at post-treatment and one year later. Method: Forty-two OCD subjects were assigned to individual (n = 18) or group CBT (n = 24, in four groups). Sixteen and 22 subjects completed the treatment in the individual and group conditions, respectively. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was recorded at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at the one-year follow-up. Results: At the end of treatment, the clinically significant change was comparable for the two treatment conditions and remained stable at the one-year follow-up. Of the 16 participants who completed the individual CBT treatment, 68.75% were classified as recovered at post-treatment, compared to 40.9% of those receiving group CBT. At follow-up the rate of recovery decreased to 62.5% in individual CBT and to 31.8% in group CBT. Conclusions: Group CBT is effective in decreasing OCD severity. The post-treatment changes were maintained one year later. Nevertheless, these changes were higher in the individual delivery of CBT.

scholarly journals Aplicação retrospectiva dos escores KDPI e EPTS em pacientes de um Centro de Transplantes Brasileiro / Retrospective application of the KDPI and EPTS scores in patients from a Brazilian Transplant Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Luana Costa de Aguiar ◽  
Bruma Baptista ◽  
Arthur Ferraz Jong Mun Lee ◽  
Filipe Bissoli ◽  
Vinícius Bortoloti Péterle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kidney Transplants ◽  
The North ◽  
Kidney Recipients ◽  
Transplant Center ◽  
Deceased Donors ◽  
One Year

Introdução: KDPI e EPTS são escores implantados nos Estados Unidos em 2014 para guiar a alocação de enxertos renais. O objetivo deste trabalho é correlacionar valores desses escores com desfechos dos transplantes renais realizados em um Centro de Transplantes brasileiro, avaliando sua capacidade de predizer prognóstico nesta população. Métodos: Estudo observacional, individuado, longitudinal e retrospectivo com 163 pares receptor-doador de transplantes renais com doadores falecidos, realizados entre 2012 e 2017, com acompanhamento até 2019. Resultados: Pacientes com enxertos de KDPI menor ou igual à mediana obtiveram menor mortalidade após um ano (p = 0,02); menor taxa de perda de enxerto até um ano (p = 0,00) e após um ano (p = 0,03) e menor nível de creatinina (p = 0,00). Receptores com EPTS menor ou igual à mediana obtiveram taxa de perda de enxerto significativamente menor, se comparados aos com valores acima da mediana (p = 0,01). O coeficiente de correlação entre KDPI e EPTS foi da ordem de 0,016 (p = 0,84). Conclusão: O KDPI evidenciou-se como ferramenta objetiva e de fácil aplicação para predizer prognóstico e, assim, direcionar os rins a serem transplantados. O EPTS mostrou caráter promissor para avaliação dos receptores renais. Esses dados podem ser complementados com futuros estudos nacionais para possível validação e implementação dos escores no país. Conclusão: Por fim, observou-se que não houve correlação direta entre os valores de KDPI do enxerto com os valores de EPTS de seus receptores, distanciando-se do que é preconizado pela literatura norte-americana.Palavras Chave: Transplante de rim, Seleção de doadores, Sobrevivência de enxertoABSTRACTIntroduction: KDPI and EPTS are scores implemented in the United States in 2014 to guide the allocation of kidney grafts. The objective of this work is to correlate values of these scores with outcomes of kidney transplants performed in a Brazilian Transplant Center, evaluating their ability to predict prognosis in this population. Methods: Observational, individual, longitudinal and retrospective study with 163 recipient-donor pairs of kidney transplants with deceased donors, carried out between 2012 and 2017, with follow-up until 2019. Results: Patients with grafts with KDPI less than or equal to the median had lower mortality after one year (p = 0.02); lower graft loss rate up to one year (p = 0.00) and after one year (p = 0.03) and lower creatinine level (p = 0.00). Recipients with EPTS less than or equal to the median had a significantly lower graft loss rate, compared to those with values greater than the median (p = 0.01). The correlation coefficient between KDPI and EPTS was of about 0.016 (p = 0.84). Conclusion: KDPI proved to be an objective and easy to apply tool to predict prognosis and, thus, direct the kidneys to be transplanted. EPTS showed a promising character for the evaluation of kidney recipients. These data can be complemented with future national studies for possible validation and implementation of such scores in the country. Conclusion: Finally, it was observed that there was no direct correlation between the KDPI values of grafts and the EPTS values of its recipients, distancing from what is recommended by the North American literature.Keywords: Kidney transplantation, Donor selection, Graft survival

Expressed Emotion and Schizophrenia in North India

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Wig ◽  
D. K. Menon ◽  
H. Bedi ◽  
J. Leff ◽  
L. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
North India ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
First Contact

We measured the components of expressed emotion among two samples of relatives of first-contact patients from Aarhus (Denmark) and Chandigarh (India). The Danes were very similar in most respects to samples of British relatives, whereas the Indian relatives expressed significantly fewer critical comments, fewer positive remarks, and less over-involvement. Within the Chandigarh sample, city-dwellers were significantly more expressive than villagers of all EE components except over-involvement.

Thymus size evaluated by sonography

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hasselbalch ◽  
D. L. Jeppesen ◽  
A. K. Ersbøll ◽  
M. D. M. Engelmann ◽  
M. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Estimate ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Thymus Size

Objective: to use sonography in a follow-up study aimed at assessing the size of the thymus in healthy infants, and to search for a possible relation to clinical variables, breast-feeding status, and illness. Material and Methods: Forty-seven healthy infants were examined as neonates and re-examined at 4 months of age. Thirty-seven of the infants were also re-examined at 8,10, and 12 months of age. the thymus size was measured with the sonographic thymic index used as a volume estimate. the correlations between the thymic index and the sex, weight, length, illness, and breast-feeding status of the infants were analysed. Results: at birth the median thymic index was 12 (range 4–29). at 4 months the median thymic index was 28 (range 12–83). the thymic index was positively correlated to the body length of the infant and to its breast-feeding status (p<0.0001). at 8 months the median thymic index was 29 (range 6–55) and most of the variation could be explained by the length of the infant (p=0.0018, r=0.50). at 10 months the median thymic value had decreased to 19 (range 9–49), and at 12 months to 17 (range 7–53). Infants exclusively breast-fed during the first 4 months of their lives had a larger thymic index at 10 months than formula-fed infants (p=0.0024). Infants with fever episodes from 10 to 12 months had a smaller thymic index at 12 months (p=0.0241). Conclusion: the thymus size in healthy infants increases from birth to 4 and 8 months of age and then decreases. Most of the individual variation can be explained by breast-feeding status and body size, and to a lesser extent by illness. We propose statistical models by which the normal variation/distribution of the thymic size can be estimated in infants up to one year of age.

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Survey VII. Does Relatives' High Expressed Emotion Predict Relapse?

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McCreadie ◽  
K. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
South West ◽  
Relapse Rates

A review of all known schizophrenic people living in Nithsdale in South-West Scotland identified long-stay in-patients, patients living on their own and those living with relatives showing low or high expressed emotion (EE). A prospective 12-month follow-up identified relapsing patients, defined as those readmitted to hospital with exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms or a fresh episode of illness, or, if not readmitted, with a significant increase in antipsychotic medication. There was no difference in relapse rates in patients living on their own, with low-EE, or with high-EE relatives. Amount of contact with high-EE relatives did not affect relapse rates. The different results obtained from the Nithsdale group compared with one from Camberwell are discussed.

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