The Structure of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Good ◽  
I. Vlachonikolis ◽  
P. Griffiths ◽  
R. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorder ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Depressed Symptoms

In a structured sample of 100 male and 100 female minimally impaired patients, aged 60 years and over, females were more depressed. Varimax factor analysis demonstrated four factor groupings which have clinical relevance - Depression, Anxiety, Cognitive impairment, and Psychosomatic disorder; their relative importance is different in males and females. Analysis of variance of the scores of clusters generated by cluster analysis demonstrated four groups of subjects - normal, mildly depressed, moderately depressed with borderline dementia and disability, and severely depressed with moderate dementia and frank disability. In the mildly and moderately depressed, symptoms of anxiety predominated.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis to identify elderly people's profiles: a healthcare strategy based on frailty characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fattori ◽  
Ivan Mazivieiro Oliveira ◽  
Rosalia Matera de Angelis Alves ◽  
Maria Elena Guariento
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Specific Care

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The new social panorama resulting from aging of the Brazilian population is leading to significant transformations within healthcare. Through the cluster analysis strategy, it was sought to describe the specific care demands of the elderly population, using frailty components.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study based on reviewing medical records, conducted in the geriatric outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).METHODS: Ninety-eight elderly users of this clinic were evaluated using cluster analysis and instruments for assessing their overall geriatric status and frailty characteristics.RESULTS: The variables that most strongly influenced the formation of clusters were age, functional capacities, cognitive capacity, presence of comorbidities and number of medications used. Three main groups of elderly people could be identified: one with good cognitive and functional performance but with high prevalence of comorbidities (mean age 77.9 years, cognitive impairment in 28.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities); a second with more advanced age, greater cognitive impairment and greater dependence (mean age 88.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 84.6% and mean of 7.1 comorbidities); and a third younger group with poor cognitive performance and greater number of comorbidities but functionally independent (mean age 78.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 89.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities).CONCLUSION: These data characterize the profile of this population and can be used as the basis for developing efficient strategies aimed at diminishing functional dependence, poor self-rated health and impaired quality of life.

scholarly journals Untreated Depressive Symptoms Significantly Worsen Quality of Life of the Elderly and may Lead to the Misdiagnosis of Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Voros ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Tamas Tenyi ◽  
Zoltan Rihmer ◽  
Ilona Szili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Abstract Background: Several studies demonstrated the role of depressive mood and cognitive impairment in the background of elevated mortality and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly.Methods: In the framework of the ICT4Life project self-administered questionnaires and clinical screening tools were used to assess QoL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of 60 elderly over the age of 65.Results: Males found to be depressed and cognitively declined more frequently; and had higher scores on the depression and lower on the QoL scales. Depressed elderly had lower cognitive levels and their QoL was significantly poorer than that of the non-depressed subjects. Depressive disorders were detected in a quarter of the elderly, and the majority of them did not receive adequate antidepressant medication.Conclusions: Close correlation between depression and cognitive impairment was confirmed, as well as the key role of depression in the background of QoL decline. Results also highlighted the problems of recognition and adequate treatment of depression and cognitive decline in elderly, which can be further complicated by the common symptoms of depressive pseudo-dementia. Early recognition of depressive symptoms is important not only to treat the underlying mood disorder, but also to improve QoL of the elderly.

A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule: II. A factor analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gurland ◽  
J. L. Fleiss ◽  
K. Goldberg ◽  
L. Sharpe ◽  
J. R. M. Copeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Organic Disorder ◽  
Correlation Procedure

SynopsisOne hundred geriatric psychiatric patients were examined with the Geriatric Mental State Schedule in New York and London, and a correlation procedure involving both clinical and statistical operations was carried out on the psychopathological data thus collected. Twenty-one factors were produced, including three dealing with cognitive impairment. Although it was found that elderly depressives show a profile of psychopathology quite different from that shown by patients with organic disorder, it was also found that patients with an apparently functional disorder may sometimes be diagnosed as an organic disorder, that subjective complaints of intellectual impairment are not good indicators of organic disorders and may be associated with a depressive factor, and that complaints that could be dismissed as attributes of ageing may actually be indicative of a depressive disorder in the elderly. The methodological implications, as well as the limitations of the sample size, are discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment, Depression, and Cooccurrence of Both among the Elderly in Panama: Differential Associations with Multimorbidity and Functional Limitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcibiades E. Villarreal ◽  
Shantal Grajales ◽  
Lineth Lopez ◽  
Gabrielle B. Britton ◽  
Panama Aging Research Initiative
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multinomial Regression

Cognitive impairment and depression are common mental health problems among the elderly, although few studies have examined their cooccurrence in older adults in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive impairment, depression, and cooccurrence of the two conditions and associated factors in a sample of older adults in Panama. This study included 304 community-dwelling elderly (≥65 years) individuals. Participants underwent a clinical interview and assessments of cognitive function by the Minimental State Examination and depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Limitations in basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities in daily living and the presence of chronic illnesses were recorded. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that cooccurrence of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms was explained by increasing age (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.20, 8.30), low education (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.38), having four or more chronic conditions (OR: 11.5, 95% CI: 2.84, 46.63), and BADL limitations (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.26, 19.68). Less education and limitations in BADL and IADL increased the odds of cognitive impairment alone, while less education and three or more chronic conditions increased the odds of depression alone. These findings underscore the relevance of assessing cognitive impairment in the elderly as part of a long-term approach to managing depression and vice versa.

Caregiver Report of Hallucinations and Paranoid Delusions in Elders Aged 70 or Older

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Turvey ◽  
Susan K. Schultz ◽  
Stephan Arndt ◽  
Vicki Ellingrod ◽  
Robert Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Caregiver Report

This study examined the demographic, medical, and psychiatric correlates of hallucinations and paranoid delusions reported by proxy informants for 822 elders aged 70 or older. This sample comprised people who were deemed unable to complete a direct interview in a large nationwide study of aging. Marital status, trouble with vision, and cognitive impairment were associated with report of both paranoid delusions and hallucinations. Depressive symptoms and stroke were associated with hallucinations only. These results suggest that inadequate external stimulation in the elderly leads to psychotic experiences.

scholarly journals Physical activity and depression in older adults with and without cognitive impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat ◽  
Khajonsak Pongpanit ◽  
Somrudee Hanmanop
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Low physical activity and depression may be related to cognitive impairment in the elderly. Objetive: To determine depression and physical activity (PA) among older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Methods: 156 older adults, both males and females, aged ≥60 years, were asked to complete the Thai Mini-Mental State Examination (Thai-MMSE), a global cognitive impairment screening tool. Seventy-eight older adults with cognitive impairment and 78 older adults without cognitive impairment were then separately administered two questionnaires (i.e., the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale; TGDS and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire; GPAQ). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk of developing cognitive impairment in the groups of older individuals with and without cognitive impairment. Results: A cross-sectional study of elderly with a mean age of 74.47 ± 8.14 years was conducted. There were significant differences on the depression scale and in PA between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Further, participants with low PA and high level of depressive symptoms had an increased risk of cognitive impairment (Odds ratio = 4.808 and 3.298, respectively). Conclusion: Significant differences were noted in PA and on depression scales between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Therefore, increased PA and decreased depressive symptoms (i.e., having psychological support) are suggested to reduce the risks of cognitive impairment in older adults.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment: A 10-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei-Fei Han ◽  
Hui-Xin Wang ◽  
Jia-Jia Wu ◽  
Wu Yao ◽  
Chang-Fu Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often coexisted in the elderly. This study investigates the effect of late-life depressive symptoms on risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A total of 14,231 dementia- and MCI free participants aged 60+ from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe were followed-up for 10 years to detect incident MCI. MCI was defined as 1.5 standard deviation (SD) below the mean of the standardized global cognition score. Depressive symptoms were assessed by a 12-item Europe-depression scale (EURO-D). Severity of depressive symptoms was grouped as: no/minimal (score 0–3), moderate (score 4–5), and severe (score 6–12). Significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) were defined as EURO-D score ≥ 4. Results During an average of 8.2 (SD = 2.4)-year follow-up, 1,352 (9.50%) incident MCI cases were identified. SDSs were related to higher MCI risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.10–1.44) in total population, individuals aged 70+ (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14–1.61) and women (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08–1.51) in Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for confounders. In addition, there was a dose–response association between the severity of depressive symptoms and MCI incidence in total population, people aged ≥70 years and women (p-trend <0.001). Conclusions Significant depressive symptoms were associated with higher incidence of MCI in a dose–response fashion, especially among people aged 70+ years and women. Treating depressive symptoms targeting older population and women may be effective in preventing MCI.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Physical Function Among Older Mexican Americans Over 20 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 896-896
Author(s):  
Amy Givan ◽  
Soham Al Snih
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine cognitive function as a predictor of physical function decline over a 20-year follow-up period among older Mexican Americans who were non-disabled and were able to complete the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at baseline. The sample consisted of 2,232 Hispanics 65 years and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. Measures included socio-demographics, self-reported medical conditions, body mass index (BMI), disability, depressive symptoms, limitations in activities of daily living, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and SPPB. General linear mixed models were used to estimate changes in SPPB over time as a function of MMSE. At baseline, 11% of the participants had cognitive impairment (MMSE &lt; 21) and the average SPPB score for those with and without cognitive impairment was 7.16 + 2.75 and 7.81 + 2.36, respectively. Mixed model analysis showed that those with cognitive impairment (MMSE &lt; 21) experienced a decline in the SPPB of 0.34 points per year (Standard Error = 0.09, p-value = 0.0002) after controlling for all covariates. Other significant predictor factors of decline in the SPPB were older age, depressive symptoms, diabetes, any assistance with activities of daily living, having had a hip fracture, and high BMI. Cognitive impairment predicted decline in physical function among older Mexican Americans who were non-disabled at baseline. These findings underscore the need of developing interventions to maintain cognitive and physical function to delay or prevent disability in this underserved population with high rates of disability.

scholarly journals Mental health profile of the elderly community: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Cavalcanti Cordeiro ◽  
Renata Clemente dos Santos ◽  
Gleicy Karine Nascimento de Araújo ◽  
Neyce de Matos Nascimento ◽  
Rafaella Queiroga Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the mental health profile of the elderly registered in a Family Health Unit in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State. Method: it was a descriptive quantitative study, conducted with 159 elderly through the scales Geriatric Depression, Resilience, Social Support, Life Satisfaction, and Positive and Negative Affects, Mini-Mental State Examination, Stressful Events Inventory and Brazil Old Age Shedule. Results: females, young and literate elderly predominated. Most were satisfied with life, 52.2% without depressive symptoms, 68.6% without cognitive impairment, 67.9% high resilience and 95.8% high social support, but 62% of elderly with depressive symptoms showed cognitive deficit. Negative correlation was identified between depression and cognitive impairment, resilience, social support and life satisfaction. Conclusion: assessment of these indicators identifies triggers of psychological distress, assisting the nursing staff in the development of preventive and care actions.

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