Biological and Neuropsychological Approaches to Childhood Autism

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot R. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Biological Abnormality ◽  
Few Data

There is growing conviction that childhood autism is a biologically based disorder. The evidence that has accrued in a variety of areas pertaining to biological abnormality in autism suggests that, with the possible exception of genetic factors, very few data are available that illuminate the autistic disorder specifically. Neurological models which might be useful in guiding further research are discussed and reasons for the slow progress in this important aspect of the study of autism are identified.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Two Intervention Approaches to Mental Development of Children with ASD

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
O.S. Nikolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Children With Asd

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the Emotional-Semantic approach and the DIR / Floortime approach to intervention in the childhood autism. Their conceptual similarities go as follows: both approaches are based on the idea of development and normal development principles, their goal is normalization of an autistic child’ mental development, they consider childhood autism as a biologically determined disorder connected to problematic affective sphere development and aim at engaging an autistic child into an emotionally valuable relationship. The approaches divert in considering the genesis of the affective sphere difficulties in autism, outlining diagnostic milestones, setting purposes of the adult’s joining the child’s activities and assessing intervention efficiency. Emotional-Semantic Approach considers the child’s inability to build relationships with the environment as a whole (not only with another person) as the main problem of the affective sphere development; it bases diagnostics on qualitative peculiarities of autistic disorder; it aims at helping the child comprehend the situation while developing joint and divided experiences and broadening the range of the child’s emotions.

scholarly journals Effects of Risperidone on Core Symptoms of Autistic Disorder Based on Childhood Autism Rating Scale: An Open Label Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padideh Ghaeli ◽  
Naemeh Nikvarz ◽  
Javad Alaghband-Rad ◽  
Abbas Alimadadi ◽  
Mehdi Tehrani-Doost
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Core Symptoms

AEM of reaction-bonded SiC

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
K Das Chowdhury ◽  
R. W. Carpenter ◽  
W. Braue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Liquid Silicon ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Few Data

Research on reaction-bonded SiC (RBSiC) is aimed at developing a reliable structural ceramic with improved mechanical properties. The starting materials for RBSiC were Si,C and α-SiC powder. The formation of the complex microstructure of RBSiC involves (i) solution of carbon in liquid silicon, (ii) nucleation and epitaxial growth of secondary β-SiC on the original α-SiC grains followed by (iii) β>α-SiC phase transformation of newly formed SiC. Due to their coherent nature, epitaxial SiC/SiC interfaces are considered to be segregation-free and “strong” with respect to their effect on the mechanical properties of RBSiC. But the “weak” Si/SiC interface limits its use in high temperature situations. However, few data exist on the structure and chemistry of these interfaces. Microanalytical results obtained by parallel EELS and HREM imaging are reported here.

Ultrastructural study on the development of rat amygdaloid body

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
A. Manolova ◽  
S. Manolov
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Amygdaloid Body ◽  
Thin Ring ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Abundant Cytoplasm ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Oval Shape

Relatively few data on the development of the amygdaloid complex are available only at the light microscopic level (1-3). The existence of just general morphological criteria requires the performance of other investigations in particular ultrastructural in order to obtain new and more detailed information about the changes in the amygdaloid complex during development.The prenatal and postnatal development of rat amygdaloid complex beginning from the 12th embrionic day (ED) till the 33rd postnatal day (PD) has been studied. During the early stages of neurogenesis (12ED), the nerve cells were observed to be closely packed, small-sized, with oval shape. A thin ring of cytoplasm surrounded their large nuclei, their nucleoli being very active with various size and form (Fig.1). Some cells possessed more abundant cytoplasm. The perikarya were extremely rich in free ribosomes. Single sacs of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed among them. The mitochondria were with light matrix and possessed few cristae. Neural processes were viewed to sprout from some nerve cells (Fig.2). Later the nuclei were still comparatively large and with various shape.

Genetic Factors in the Etiology of Duodenal Ulcer

1961 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Price Evans
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Genetic Factors

Few Data Available on Snus, E-Cigarette Users

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
HILLEL KUTTLER
Keyword(s):  
Few Data

Automation Surprise

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. de Boer ◽  
Karel Hurts
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Few Data

Abstract. Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.

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