Assessment of Outcome after Psychosurgery using The Present State Examination

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Curson ◽  
T. Trauer ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
P. K. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Preoperative Symptom ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptomatic Outcome ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination

SummaryThe aim of the study was to explore the way psychiatric symptoms might influence independent psychiatric assessment of outcome one year after stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy. In a sample of 34 patients consecutively accepted for psychosurgery the results showed that both ‘good’ and ‘poor’ outcome groups improved overall. No patients were significantly worse and the symptoms which improved most were nervous tension, depressed mood and somatic anxiety. It was not possible to identify symptomatic predictors of outcome because the preoperative symptom profiles of both groups were so similar. The reason why symptomatic outcome is so variable despite a basically identical psychosurgical technique is discussed.

Clinical Change as a Function of Brief Admission to Hospital in a Controlled Study Using the Present State Examination

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Knights ◽  
S. R. Hirsch ◽  
S. D. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
State Examination

SummaryA randomized controlled trial of brief hospital admission failed to show any difference on clinical measures when compared with standard admission for all psychiatric patients admitted from a catchment area over one year. Psychotic and neurotic symptoms were examined separately and together, using the Present State Examination (PSE) a week after admission and three months later. Clinical outcome was not related to length of stay in hospital or psychiatric diagnosis. This study shows how the PSE can be used to measure change in clinical state for a heterogenous group of psychiatric patients.

The Present State Examination used by interviewers from a Survey Agency: report from the MRC Camberwell Community Survey

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sturt ◽  
P. Bebbingtion ◽  
J. Hurry ◽  
C. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Present State ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Common ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Marked Tendency

SYNOPSISA random sample of 800 men and women between the ages of 18 and 64 living in Camberwell, south-east London, were interviewed using a short form of the Present State Examination (PSE). The interviewers were from a professional Agency and had received a shortened version of the usual PSE training course. A further interview was sought one month later with all subjects who were above the threshold on the Index of Definition, and a sample of those below the threshold. At this interview the full PSE was administered by members of the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit. Forty-nine audiotapes of Agency interviews were available for the members of the MRC team to rate.This paper reports the reliability between interviewers. Techniques of comparison were chosen which enabled interviewer reliability to be assessed, without making the assumption that individual subjects would display the same symptom levels over a period of one month.There is strong evidence that at least 2 of the 8 Agency interviewers had thresholds that were lower than those of the MRC team for rating many of the common minor symptoms such as irritability, also the key symptom of depressed mood. At least 4 of the Agency interviewers, however, were rating in a similar manner to the MRC team. There was no marked tendency for thresholds to change over the 6-month period of interviewing.

Psychiatric symptoms in self-poisoning patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. B. Newson-Smith ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
General Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Initial Interview ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisSelf-poisoning patients admitted to hospital were studied for persistence of psychiatric symptoms over a 3-month period and evaluated at 3 points in time with the General Health Questionnaire and the Present State Examination. Symptoms were identified which had a high or low prevalence at 3-month follow-up. GHQ and PSE scores correlated at 0·8. The implications of the study are discussed, particularly the earlier need for out-patient help in those who had a moderate or high number of symptoms at initial interview.

Use of Hospital Services by Chronic Schizophrenics in the Community

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Freeman ◽  
A. J. Cheadle ◽  
J. R. Korer
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Present State ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination

SummaryA sample of chronic schizophrenic patients from an urban community, living outside hospital, were reassessed on the Present State Examination one year after a first examination. During this time their use of psychiatric hospital services was recorded. One hundred and two patients had satisfactory interviews on both occasions. These could be divided into Heavy, Medium and Light users of services, the numbers being 8, 14 and 63 respectively, while 17 only saw their general practitioners or had no treatment. A ranking of the sample in terms of severity showed no correlation with use of these services; second PSE scores were not significantly different from the first. Heavy and Medium users of hospital services were in contact with Social Services to a significantly greater extent than other patients.

Correlates of cerebral event-related slow potentials and psychopathology

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bachneff ◽  
F. Engelsmann
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Slow Potentials ◽  
Cerebral Event ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisThe study explored associations between the cerebral event-related slow potentials (ERSP) and psychiatric symptoms and syndromes as reflected by the Present State Examination (PSE) in 36 randomly selected psychiatric in-patients. Independent raters measured the readiness potential (RP), contingent negative variation (CNV) and post-imperative negative variation (PINV) in terms of their amplitude and duration. The 360 individual PSE items were grouped into units of analysis (UA) and further collapsed into groups of units of analysis (GUA). Canonical correlations were computed between two sets of variables (psychological and electrophysiological). Kendall's rank-order correlation was used as the main statistical approach. Some psychotic signs were associated with increased PINV amplitude. Obsessive thoughts, ideas of reference and verbal hallucinations correlated with longer PINV duration. Hopelessness and suicidal thoughts (affect-laden thoughts) as well as first-rank Schneiderian symptoms (FRS) were negatively correlated with CNV amplitude. The results support the hypothesis that CNV and PINV, alone or in combination, can be used to indicate the presence or absence of identifiable psychiatric symptoms and syndromes. The implications of electrophysiological correlates of psychopathology for psychiatric nosology and for the validity of psychiatric symptoms and syndromes were discussed

British Phenomenological and Psychopathological Concepts: A Comparative Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Berner ◽  
Bernd Küfferle
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
American Schools ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

For a foreign observer who has been trained in German and French psychopathology, British psychiatry is very attractive at first glance for a number of reasons. Its eclectic and principally non-theoretical approach (Cooper, 1975), characterized by an open acceptance of foreign concepts and by the tendency to question traditional structures and hypotheses and to test them by means of statistical methods, appears most impressive. The substantial contribution British authors have made toward the development of structured tools in psychopathology, like for instance the Present State Examination or the Hamilton Rating Scale in order to facilitate such a statistical evaluation, which reflects clearly the inheritance of Sir Francis Galton, is also a cause of sincere admiration. The European observer realizes furthermore that the British approach is rooted mainly in continental, especially in German, clinical psychiatry, and is not as heavily influenced by psychodynamic theories as, for instance, the American schools were, at least until recently. This provides him with a comfortable feeling of familiarity and he is not inclined to question certain British tenets until his involvement progresses and he becomes aware of the comparative lack of attention paid by British schools to some of the fundamentals of continental psychopathology.

scholarly journals Anticholinergics and Benzodiazepines on Cognitive Impairment among Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease: a One year Follow-Up Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rewadee Jenraumjit ◽  
Surarong Chinwong ◽  
Dujrudee Chinwong ◽  
Tipaporn Kanjanarach ◽  
Thanat Kshetradat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Esterase Inhibitors ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Objective Age-associated decline in central cholinergic activity makes older adults susceptible to harmful effects of anticholinergics (ACs). Evidence exists of an association between effects of AC medications on cognition. This retrospective cohort study examines how ACs affect cognition among older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who received acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs) over the course of 12 months. Results A total of 133 (80% women, mean age 78.38 years, SD 7.4) were recruited. No difference in sex, age and comorbid diseases was observed between participants who took ACs, Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and AChEIs. The most common prescribed ACs was quetiapine, being used for behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). Multilevel analysis showed that the change of mental state examination scores were significantly predicted in the group using ACs (t (169), -2.52, p = .020) but not with the groups using BZD (t (162), 0.84, p = .440). Evidence showed that older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and exposed to ACs exhibited lower global cognitive scores than those without AC exposure. Using ACs could be a trade-off between controlling BPSD and aggravating cognitive impairment. Highlighting the awareness of the potential anticholinergic effect is important and may be the best policy.

Psychiatric assessment

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-82
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
State Examination

The clinical interview Setting the scene Interviewing psychiatric patients Discussing management History Mental state examination Case summary Observations of appearance and behaviour Speech Abnormal mood Asking about depressed mood Asking about thoughts of self-harm Asking about elevated mood Anxiety symptoms Asking about anxiety symptoms Abnormal perceptions...

Delusional Memories: First-Rank Symptoms?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
State Examination

Delusional memories have an established place in psychiatric phenomenology and use of the term extends to its inclusion in the Present State Examination (Winget al,1974). Not all writers have used the term, however, and present definitions are inconsistent. This paper attempts to clarify the significance of delusional memories for a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to Schneiderian criteria.

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