Lithium withdrawal Trial in Chronic Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delva ◽  
F. J. J. Letemendia ◽  
A. W. Prowse
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lithium Withdrawal

SummarySix schizophrenic patients treated with lithium and neuroleptics for at least two years had their lithium medication stopped. Two patients relapsed within two weeks, and four did not after one year of follow-up.

Significance of Positive and Negative Syndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kay ◽  
L. A. Opler ◽  
A. Fiszbein
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Stay ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Positive and negative syndromes were studied in relation to demographic, historical, genealogical, clinical, psychometric, extrapyramidal, and follow-up measures of 101 chronic schizophrenic patients. The criterion scales proved to be reliable, normally distributed, and strongly correlated with general psychopathology, but otherwise inversely related to one another. Multiple regression analysis identified sets of 4–6 independent variables that explained 74%-81 % of the scales' variance. A positive syndrome was associated chiefly with productive features, family history of sociopathy, more previous hospital admissions, and longer in-patient stay during the 30-month follow-up period. A negative syndrome correlated with deficits in cognitive, affective, social, and motor spheres, higher incidence of major psychiatric illness but less affective disorder among relatives, lower education, and greater cognitive developmental impairment. The results underscore the importance of genetic and biodevelopmental variables for understanding schizophrenic syndromes.

One-year follow-up of schizophrenic patients treated with Risperidone or classical neuroleptics: a prospective, randomized, multicentered open-study

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. S253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bouchard ◽  
E. Pourcher ◽  
C. Mérette ◽  
M.F. Demers ◽  
J. Villeneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Study ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year

Effectiveness of Clozapine in Hospitalised People with Chronic Neuroleptic-Resistant Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Avnon ◽  
Jonathan Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Chronic Neuroleptic ◽  
Drop Outs

BackgroundClozapine's effectiveness in reducing symptoms and facilitating discharge among patients with chronic schizophrenia who were resistant to neuroleptics was studied.MethodAll 169 such patients in a public psychiatric hospital were given clozapine. BPRS ratings (0–5 scale) were completed before treatment and 21 months later. Patients were followed for about 2.5 years.ResultsClozapine was discontinued in 37.8% of cases due to non-compliance, non-response, or side-effects. At follow-up 41 % of clozapine recipients and 25.9% of the drop-outs were discharged and remained so, and 33% of recipients and 24.1% of drop-outs were being prepared for discharge. Longer treatment was associated with more improvement. Decline in average BPRS total scores of recipients was significantly more than drop-outs (32.7, s.d. 16.8 v. 12.1, s.d. 14.1, d.f. = 155, t = 7.5, P = 0.000).ConclusionsClozapine appears to be effective for treating some chronic neuroleptic non-responding schizophrenic patients.

Sociopsychiatric Study of Schizophrenia: The Follow-Up

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krupinski ◽  
A. Stoller ◽  
Eva Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Family Setting

SYNOPSIS A one-year follow-up of 127 schizophrenic patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in 1968–69, who had spent at least three months in the community during the year following their admission, revealed that regular taking of medication is the most crucial single factor leading to improvement in the psychiatric status of the patient, regardless of whether he was living in a positive or a negative environment. No difference was found between family of origin and nuclear family, but family setting tended to influence either improvement or deterioration of the patient, whilst patients living in a non-family setting remained predominantly unchanged. The progress of southern European patients was poorer than all the others, independently of their family setting and medication.

One Year Follow-up of Schizophrenic Patients in Private Psychiatric Practice

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
H. Gutzmann ◽  
W. Gaebel ◽  
M. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year

The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study V. One-year Follow-up

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
Stewart M. Grant ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
George T. Crocket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Flupenthixol Decanoate ◽  
First Admission

Of 49 schizophrenic patients followed up 12 months after their first admission to hospital, only about 45% had experienced no relapse and had no schizophrenic symptoms; a poorer outcome was more often found in Feighner positive than Feighner negative schizophrenic patients. The patients' overall level of unemployment had more than doubled to 51%. In patients whose acute episodes responded to treatment, pimozide taken once weekly as maintenance therapy was as effective as intramuscular flupenthixol decanoate, but tardive dyskinesia appeared in two patients receiving weekly pimozide; the repeat psychometric assessment at 12 months found modest improvements, i.e. no evidence of intellectual decline, in Matrices, Block Design, and Digit Copying tests. Forty per cent of relatives still showed significant psychological distress, which correlated with patients' schizophrenic symptoms, and the relatives' social functioning remained poorer than that of a normal community sample.

Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Anja Witttkowskj ◽  
Caroline Kinney ◽  
Eilis McCarthy ◽  
Juue Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Supportive Counselling ◽  
One Year

BackgroundPersistent drug-resistant psychotic symptoms are a pervasive problem in the treatment of schizophrenia.AimsTo evaluate the durability of the treatment effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic schizophrenia one year after treatment termination.MethodA comparison of clinical outcomes was made at one-year follow-up from a randomised trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy, supportive counselling and routine care alone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.ResultsSeventy out of the 72 patients (97%) who completed treatment were assessed at follow-up. There were significant differences between the three groups when positive and negative symptoms were analysed by means of ANCOVAs. Between-group comparisons indicated significant differences between cognitive–behavioural therapy and routine care at follow-up for positive symptoms. There was a trend towards significance for both cognitive–behavioural therapy and supportive counselling to be superior to routine care alone on negative symptoms.ConclusionsAt 12-month follow-up the significant advantage of cognitive– behavioural therapy compared to routine care alone remained.

The Longitudinal Stability of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
Leonard White ◽  
Michael Parrella ◽  
Katherine M. Putnam ◽  
Margaret M. Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundSevere cognitive impairment affects many patients with schizophrenia, especially geriatric in-patients. Little is known about the course of this impairment, however.MethodTwo hundred and twenty-four geriatric schizophrenic in-patients were examined for changes in cognitive functioning over a one-year follow-up period, and 45 of them were assessed over a two-year period. In addition, the subset of 45 patients participated in a one-week and one-month test-retest reliability study of the instrument used to assess cognitive impairment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsThe average MMSE scores did not change over a one- or two-year follow-up period. The test-retest reliability of the scale was extremely good at both retest intervals.ConclusionAmong the implications of these data are that cognitive changes in geriatric schizophrenic patients are very slow and are more consistent with a neurodevelopmental process than a neurodegenerative course.

Relatives' Expressed Emotion and the Course of Schizophrenia in Chandigarh

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leff ◽  
N. N. Wig ◽  
H. Bedi ◽  
D. K. Menon ◽  
L. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The West ◽  
Initial Interview ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Subsequent Relapse

A two-year follow-up was conducted of a subsample of the Chandigarh cohort of first-contact schizophrenic patients from the WHO Determinants of Outcome project. The patients were those living with family members who had been interviewed initially to determine their levels of expressed emotion (EE). The interview was repeated for 74% of the relatives at one-year follow-up. A dramatic reduction had occurred in each of the EE components and in the global index. No rural relative was rated as high EE at follow-up. Of the patients included in the one-year follow-up, 86% were followed for two years. In contrast to the one-year findings, the global EE index at initial interview did not predict relapse of schizophrenia over the subsequent two years. However, there was a significant association between initial hostility and subsequent relapse. The better outcome of this cohort of schizophrenic patients compared with samples from the West is partly attributable to tolerance and acceptance by family members.

scholarly journals Ten-Year Follow-Up of 100 Patients Admitted to a Mental Hospital

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cahn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
One Year

A ten-year follow-up study of 100 patients admitted consecutively to a mental hospital revealed the following information. The patients used the hospital beds for an average of one year and two months of the ten years, that is, about. one-eighth of the time. The co-operative schizophrenic patients could be kept out of hospital with proper maintenance therapy. Patients admitted with organic psychoses died after an average of one and three-quarter years. Of the ‘functional’ cases nearly a half were alive after ten years, 8 were dead (2 or 3 suicides) and the rest could not be traced. The patients had an average of 23 physicians but this large number does not appear to have harmed them. Nearly all patients had some drug therapy, the two most frequently prescribed categories being neuroleptics and antidepressants. About half the patients had occupational and work therapy. The condition of the 68 survivors was considered to be: ‘recovered’ or ‘much improved’ in 55 per cent; ‘moderately or slightly improved’ in 40 per cent and ‘unimproved or worse’ in 3 per cent. Their last known vocational status was ‘working or self-sufficient’ in 34 per cent, ‘dependent’ upon relatives or government support in 43 per cent and not known in 23 per cent.

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