The Care and Treatment of the Insane in Germany

1868 ◽  
Vol 14 (65) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Griesinger
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Care And Treatment

I have been frequently obliged to give expression to my views on asylums and their future organisation. These views are expressed in official documents and private letters, which have never been published. A few observations which I made cursorily at the Naturforscher-Versammlung, in Hanover (“Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie, “XXII., p. 390), as an indication of my point of view, were much too briefly and aphoristically given not to be subject to misconception. I therefore propose to devote the following pages to a connected, though necessarily brief, explanation of what I believe to be necessary or advantageous in the immediate future arrangement of lunacy matters in Germany, and to indicate towards which side I lean in the undoubted crisis which the question of the public provision for the insane has now reached. I apprehend neither detriment nor danger in this crisis, which is merely the progress towards more complete organisation. To wish to ignore it would not improve the matter. The predetermined conclusion to see the only good and right possible in things as they now exist is a far greater hindrance to the discovery of truth. If science can present new points of view, if urgent wants are brought to light, which cannot be satisfied by the present means of publicly providing for the insane, the requirements must not, in such circumstances, be ignored or denied, but the means must be made to suit the necessities. It was in this way that things were treated when the present asylums were founded; and is it possible that at the present time no further advance can be made ? It is, however, to be remarked, as was said a few years ago by Damerow, who was for the most part an authority with the opponents of reform (“Zeit-schr. f. Psychiatrie, “XIX., 1862, p. 187), “There is nothing further to be obtained in the future with the present public institutions for the cure and care of the insane.”

Psychotherapies in Lombard public mental health services: psichiatrists' and psicologists' point of view

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lomazzi ◽  
Emilio Fava ◽  
Silvia Landra ◽  
Palma D'Angelo ◽  
Monica Lammoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Personal Training ◽  
The Public ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Question Form

SUMMARYObjective The purpose of this study is the systematic analysis of operators' points of view about psychotherapies concretely performed in the Public Psychiatric Public Services and inside the global operating mode of the assistance. Setting – The study has involved 26 CPS selected randomly in Lombardia. The sample has been built with 73 psychiatrists and 42 psychologists. Main outcome measures – All the therapeutists involved in this research have been submitted to a question-form querying socio-anagraphic data, professional training, orientations, operating modes in their CPS, rules and objectives of their psycotherapies, observations and evaluations about psychoterapic treatments and their effects. Results and conclusions: Psychiatrists and psycologists working in CPS, mostly the younger ones (less than 45 years old), followed a personal training in over the 70% of the cases. The prevalent orientation is the psycoanalityc one in both the categories. The most part of therapeutists deems that there has been an evolution in their way of conceiving psychiatry inside the public service. The lines at these evolutions have been mentioned explicitly in the article. Psychiatrists and psycologists, even with some concrete differences, seems to have mostly homogeneous points of view: psychiatrists have a more flexible vision of which practices can be considered as a psychotherapy, whereas psycologists are more rigorously linked to theoric reference models and to rules learnt during their training. They are both slightly favourable to the use of psychotherapies in their services, even if, as a matter of fact, they are used by just a few patients. No contrast between psycotherapy and psycopharmacology has been detected from operators' answers. These practices seem to be both considered useful and integrable.

scholarly journals A self-reflection of municipal IT professionals in small Romanian city administrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Nicolae Urs
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Government

E-government usually studies focus on outcomes or user opinion. Our attempt is to see this also from the point of view of IT professionals that work in public institutions. Big cities will always be on the forefront of using new technologies in their day-to-day work and, because of that, they are usually the subject of researchers wanting to study this field. But most Romanians live in small cities, towns and villages. We are also interested in the pace of e-government development in these municipalities. After the 2017 study that focused on big Romanian cities, this year we follow up with a more comprehensive research, which aims to find out how e-government is implemented in small urban municipalities in Romania. Our research aims to learn how successful the implementation of egovernment services in Romanian local government is in the eyes of those tasked with rolling out these services. E-government is no longer a new development in the public institutions’ continuing search for better service. The interaction between citizens and companies, as well as the government, are constantly evolving, and new ways of doing things are regularly tested and adopted or discarded.

scholarly journals Between Testimony and Irony: Points of View in “Chernobyl Prayer. A Chronicle of the Future” by Swietlana Alexievich

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Magdalena Horodecka
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View

The article is an analysis of Swietlana Alexievich’s book Chernobyl Prayer. A Chronicle of the Future and aims to examine its predominant narrative strategies. The author points to the role of monologues, mottos, irony, titles, and subtitles, which help to describe the process of showing the witness’ point of view and, simultaneously, Alexievich’s interpretation of the gathered data.

scholarly journals Ironic Comments in the Public Discourse of Russian Diplomats

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Ksenia M. Shilikhina
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
State Level ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
International Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Points Of View

the paper discusses the use of irony in modern public diplomatic discourse. The aim of the study is to describe the functions of irony in diplomatic communication and to show how ironic comments affect communication at the international level. The research is based on the speeches by Russian diplomats and official representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as their publications and comments in social networks. Diplomatic discourse is carried out on the basis of diplomatic protocol and, ideally, should follow the requirements of explicitness, argumentativeness, and minimal emotionality. At the same time, an important property of this sphere of communication is competitiveness (agonality), which is associated with defending the interests of the state on the international level and manifests itself in the explicit competition of various points of view. The study suggests that in modern diplomatic discourse, there are frequent cases of deviations from the diplomatic protocol, when speakers use irony as a way of expressing an implicit critical assessment. Irony accompanies explicit critical assessments of events or actions of diplomats of other states and, as a rule, appears where there is an aggravation of international relations. Tactics used by the speakers to create irony make it easy for the addressee to recognize it. Since the purpose of ironic comments is to show the inconsistency of the opponents’ position, irony allows the speaker not only to express critical assessment of their statements or actions, but also to demonstrate the superiority of the stated point of view on events. Alternatively, it can be a sign of disappointment due to a diplomatic loss. In the context of intercultural communication at the state level, irony violates not only the requirements of diplomatic protocol, but also the principle of politeness, so it can be viewed as an instrument of confrontational agonality, which does not imply a constructive dialogue.

Urban utilities and opportunities for the private sector in local energy services in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-218
Author(s):  
Carmen Araquistain Portela
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Services ◽  
House Production

The delivery of local services is one of Swiss local governments’ main tasks and has a long tradition of public provision. In the last few decades, a shift from in-house production to the corporatization of utilities has emerged in Switzerland, but the public sector is still seen as predominant in the provision of local services. This research explores the current situation of urban utilities in Switzerland and which factors influence the opportunities for the private sector in the provision of energy services at the local level. Results show that opportunities for the private sector and disruptive actors in energy services might rely on partnerships with public institutions and on innovative services.

The Impact of Emergent Technologies in the Evolutionary Path for M-Commerce

2021 ◽  
pp. 824-844
Author(s):  
Justino Lourenço ◽  
Fernando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Evolutionary Path ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Impact

M-commerce is a fast-growing opportunity and is acting as an innovative lever for achieving the purpose of increasing sales while better interacting with the clients. Simultaneously, several emerging technologies have appeared in the market and promise to change the current m-commerce paradigm. Therefore, this chapter plans to explore a set of new trend technologies that can plan to build a more efficient relation between the consumer and the m-commerce platform. This study conducted surveys with several market players like marketers and IT leaders to understand their point of view, perceive the relevance and impact of these emergent technologies in m-commerce, identify resistance and challenge points to the proposed change, and look how to allow cohabitation between this new e-commerce paradigm and the traditional physical trade. The main novelty of this study is the inclusion of multiple points of view on the evolution of m-commerce which will allow companies and citizens to perceive the impact of emerging technologies in the future of m-commerce.

The Impact of Emergent Technologies in the Evolutionary Path for M-Commerce

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Justino Lourenço ◽  
Fernando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Evolutionary Path ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Impact

M-commerce is a fast-growing opportunity and is acting as an innovative lever for achieving the purpose of increasing sales while better interacting with the clients. Simultaneously, several emerging technologies have appeared in the market and promise to change the current m-commerce paradigm. Therefore, this chapter plans to explore a set of new trend technologies that can plan to build a more efficient relation between the consumer and the m-commerce platform. This study conducted surveys with several market players like marketers and IT leaders to understand their point of view, perceive the relevance and impact of these emergent technologies in m-commerce, identify resistance and challenge points to the proposed change, and look how to allow cohabitation between this new e-commerce paradigm and the traditional physical trade. The main novelty of this study is the inclusion of multiple points of view on the evolution of m-commerce which will allow companies and citizens to perceive the impact of emerging technologies in the future of m-commerce.

The concept of organized terrorist activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Alina Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Terrorist activity in all its manifestations is the main source of threat to the public security of the Russian Federation and the entire world community. Its organized nature poses increasingly complex challenges to society. Today, terrorism is becoming complex and highly organized in character. Organized terrorist activity has a high level of danger, provokes the phenomenon of social fear, in which a person feels his helpless in the face of the absolute of all-encompassing violence. The concepts «terrorist activity», «organized activity», and «organized criminal activity» are analysed in the paper. On the basis of these notions examination, the author offers his own definition of «organized terrorist activity». The article contains the analysis of the doctrinal understanding of «organized criminal activity» definition. The article describes the content aspects of the term «terrorist activity» where the features of this definition from the point of view of social sciences and of criminal law norms are taken into account. The author analyses the fixed definition of «terrorist activity» given in the Federal law «On countering terrorism» and the criminal law concept of «terrorist activity». Different approaches to understanding organized criminal activity from the points of view of criminal law and criminology are investigated. The correlation between the concepts «organizational criminal activity» and «organized criminal activity» is shown.

Heteroglossia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hirschkop
Keyword(s):  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Language ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View

The concept of “heteroglossia” was coined by Mikhail Bakhtin in an essay from the 1930s. Heteroglossia was the name he gave for the “inner stratification of a single national language into social dialects, group mannerisms, professional jargons, generic languages, the languages of generations and age-groups,” and so on, but it was not simply another term for the linguistic variation studied in sociolinguistics and dialectology. It differed in three respects. First, in heteroglossia differences of linguistic form coincided with differences in social significance and ideology: heteroglossia was stratification into “socio-ideological languages,” which were “specific points of view on the world, forms for its verbal interpretation.” Second, heteroglossia embodied the force of what Bakhtin called “historical becoming.” In embodying a point of view or “social horizon,” language acquired an orientation to the future, an unsettled historical intentionality, it otherwise lacked. Third, heteroglossia was a subaltern practice, concentrated in a number of cultural forms, all of which took a parodic, ironizing stance in relation to the official literary language that dominated them. Throughout his discussion, however, Bakhtin wavers between claiming this heteroglossia exists as such in the social world, from which the novel picks it up, and arguing that heteroglossia is something created and institutionalized by novels, which take the raw material of variation and rework it into “images of a language.” Interestingly, from roughly 2000 on work in sociolinguistics has suggested that ordinary speakers do the kind of stylizing and imaging work Bakhtin assigned to the novel alone. One could argue, however, that heteroglossia only acquires its full significance and force when it is freed from any social function and allowed to flourish in novels. According to Bakhtin, that means that heteroglossia is only possible in modernity, because it is in modernity that society becomes truly historical, and languages only acquire their orientation to the future in those circumstances.

Cappy Ricks and the Monk in the Garden

PMLA ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Bode
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Zane Grey ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
Significant Figures

In the study of American culture one of the most significant figures to examine may well be the American popular novelist—the writer who appeals to the trade instead of the class market. He is also one of the most neglected. In spite of the approval with which he is read by the public, he is usually either castigated or dismissed by the strictly literary critic. And with justice, from the point of view of belles-lettres. Yet when this novelist has been dead long enough he is apt to emerge even in the learned journals. The scholar of the future may then leaf through an annotated article on “Primitivism in a Forgotten ‘Western’ Writer, Zane Grey” or “Theological Patterns in the Fiction of Lloyd Douglas.” The place of the popular novelist, the people's novelist if you will, in the study of American culture over and above literary history is also apt to become officially more important with the passage of time. The longer such a novelist has been dead, the better it seems is his claim to attention in, for example, courses in American civilization.

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