Reliability of a Schedule for Rating Personality Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tyrer ◽  
M. S. Alexander ◽  
D. Cicchetti ◽  
M. S. Cohen ◽  
Marina Remington
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
Simplified Form ◽  
Temporal Reliability

SummaryThe inter-situational, inter-rater and temporal reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders is described. In an initial study with a simplified form of the schedule in patients from different wards of a psychiatric hospital inter-situational reliability between raters was higher for patients with personality disorders than with no personality disorder. Using the full schedule, inter-rater reliability, using audiotaped and separate interviews, and temporal reliability at interviews conducted a mean of 12.5 months apart all reached a satisfactory level, suggesting that the schedule may be a useful instrument for measuring deviant personality traits. The interview may be used with a subject or an informant but agreement between ratings made with informants and psychiatric patients during illness was low, and the schedule is not recommended for use with patients alone during acute episodes of illness.

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

A New Look at Personality Disorders Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S506-S506
Author(s):  
S. Neves ◽  
J. Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Sociocultural Change ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMental illness develops and is inseparable from the sociocultural context. The Disturbances may exhibit different symptoms in different cultures. In personality disorders, there is a pathological expansion of normal traits that often demonstrate a sociocultural change. The quality of life of these patients can improve with certain treatments, which appears to be relevant to be achieved.MethodSearch on Pubmed and Medline for original research or review articles published in English or Portuguese in the last 10 years. It used a combination of terms: “personality”, “treatment”, “personality disorder”, “borderline”, “antissocial”, “pharmacotherapy”, and other named personality disorders.Objectives/AimSearch the evidence base and the new perspectives for the effective treatment of personality disorders.ResultsThe same personality traits may be adaptive or non-adaptive in different contexts. So, without changing these characteristics, patients can learn to use them more effectively. In other words, although the therapy did not change the personality traits, it can be modified in the way they affect the behavioral expression.ConclusionsPsychological or psychosocial intervention is recommended as the primary treatment for borderline personality disorder and pharmacotherapy is only advised as an adjunctive treatment. The amount of research about the underlying, abnormal, psychological or biological processes leading to the manifestation of a disordered personality is increasing, which could lead to more effective interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Socialization Scores in Psychiatric Patients and Their Implications for the Diagnosis of Personality Disorders

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Standage
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Strong Association

The distribution scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychologial Inventory was examined in a series of 83 admissions to a general hospital psychiatric service. The series was divided into groups of low and high scorers (Low So and High So). Low So scorers were younger than high scorers and had a raised mean Neuroticism score. A strong association was found between So scores and the quality of parental care which patients reported receiving from their fathers. Other parental attributes are reported. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder were found in the Low So, but not the High So group.

Personality Disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosefa A. Ehrlich ◽  
Amir Garakani ◽  
Stephanie R Pavlos ◽  
Larry Siever
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Medical Disorders

Personality can be defined as an organizational system of self that shapes the manner in which a person interacts with his or her environment. Personality traits develop in adolescence or early adulthood and are thought to be shaped by early childhood experiences and enduring throughout a lifetime. Personality traits that prevent an individual from being able to function in society or that cause significant distress are diagnosed as personality disorders. A thorough history is needed to rule out other psychiatric and medical disorders. This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, prevalence, etiology (including genetics and neurobiology), prognosis, and treatment of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent personality disorders. A discussion of the relevance of personality disorders to primary care practices and approaches to managing such patients is also included. Tables describe the diagnostic criteria of each personality disorder. Figures illustrate the prevalence of personality disorders in the general and psychiatric populations; schizotypal personality disorder in the community, general population, and clinical population; childhood trauma in individuals with personality disorder; and comorbid disorders in individuals with borderline personality disorder. A model of brain processing in borderline personality disorder is also featured. This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 10 tables, 230 references, and 5 MCQs.

Personality Disorders as Collections of Traits

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-70
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
General Model ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Expert Ratings

This chapter argues that personality disorders can and should be understood as collections of basic personality traits from a general model of personality, namely the five-factor model (FFM). It reviews evidence for the convergence of FFM personality disorder profiles across multiple approaches—expert ratings (i.e., researchers and clinicians) and empirical relations. It discusses how to score the personality disorders from the FFM and provides evidence for the convergent, discriminant, and construct validity of this approach. The chapter also demonstrates how the new alternative model for personality disorders can be embedded within the more established and robust FFM literature.

scholarly journals Psychiatric, demographic and personality characteristics of elderly sex offenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FAZEL ◽  
T. HOPE ◽  
I. O’DONNELL ◽  
R. JACOBY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Psychiatric disorders are purported to play a role in the aetiology of violent crime, but evidence for their role in sexual offending is less clear. The authors investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and personality disorders in elderly incarcerated sex offenders compared with elderly non-sex offenders.Method. One hundred and one sex offenders and 102 non-sex offenders aged over 59 years were interviewed using standardized semi-structured interviews for psychiatric illness (the Geriatric Mental State) and the personality disorder (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders). Data on demographic, offence and victim characteristics were collected.Results. Six per cent of the elderly sex offenders had a psychotic illness, 7% a DSM-IV major depressive episode and 33% a personality disorder; and 1% had dementia. These prevalence figures were not different from the elderly non-sex offenders interviewed in this study. Differences emerged at the level of personality traits with sex offenders having more schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant traits, and fewer antisocial traits compared with non-sex offenders.Conclusions. Elderly sex offenders and non-sex-offenders have similar prevalence rates of mental illness. However, elderly sex offenders have increased schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant personality traits, supporting the view that sex offending in the elderly is associated more with personality factors than mental illness or organic brain disease.

Relating DSM-5 section III personality traits to section II personality disorder diagnoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Morey ◽  
K. T. Benson ◽  
A. E. Skodol
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group formulated a hybrid dimensional/categorical model that represented personality disorders as combinations of core impairments in personality functioning with specific configurations of problematic personality traits. Specific clusters of traits were selected to serve as indicators for six DSM categorical diagnoses to be retained in this system – antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive–compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders. The goal of the current study was to describe the empirical relationships between the DSM-5 section III pathological traits and DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II personality disorder diagnoses.MethodData were obtained from a sample of 337 clinicians, each of whom rated one of his or her patients on all aspects of the DSM-IV and DSM-5 proposed alternative model. Regression models were constructed to examine trait–disorder relationships, and the incremental validity of core personality dysfunctions (i.e. criterion A features for each disorder) was examined in combination with the specified trait clusters.ResultsFindings suggested that the trait assignments specified by the Work Group tended to be substantially associated with corresponding DSM-IV concepts, and the criterion A features provided additional diagnostic information in all but one instance.ConclusionsAlthough the DSM-5 section III alternative model provided a substantially different taxonomic structure for personality disorders, the associations between this new approach and the traditional personality disorder concepts in DSM-5 section II make it possible to render traditional personality disorder concepts using alternative model traits in combination with core impairments in personality functioning.

Inter-rater and temporal reliability of the Standardized Assessment of Personality and the influence of informant characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Pilgrim ◽  
J. D. Mellers ◽  
H. A. Boothby ◽  
A. H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Temporal Reliability

SynopsisThe Standardized Assessment of Personality (SAP) is a short, semi-structured interview designed to be used with an informant of the patient. The informants of 52 patients were interviewed separately by two raters for an inter-rater reliability study. The overall level of agreement was excellent, kappa = 0·76, with a range between 0·60 and 0·82 for the individual categories of personality disorder. For a temporal reliability study, the relatives of 77 patients were interviewed. The overall level of agreement was good, kappa = 0·65, with a range between 0·54 and 0·79 for individual categories. Characteristics of informants whose reports were rated with greater levels of reliability were female gender and greater length of acquaintance with the patient.

Classification of Personality Disorder

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
John Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Personality Disordered

SummaryAn interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Personality Traits and Disorders Among Adult ADHD Patients: Is Borderline Personality Disorder as Common as we Expect?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S258-S258 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Oliva ◽  
S. Bramante ◽  
A. Portigliatti Pomeri ◽  
C. Carezana ◽  
G. Nibbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Low Prevalence

IntroductionPatients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown a high risk to develop a DSM cluster B (i.e., Borderline, OR = 13.16; Antisocial, OR = 3.03; Narcissistic, OR = 8.69) and DSM Avoidant personality disorder (OR = 9.77). Similarly, higher rates of DSM cluster B personality disorder were found among adult ADHD patients (6-25%) than general population. Although some authors investigated the prevalence of personality traits and disorders among adult ADHD patients, no studies have been yet reported about the assessment of Millon's Evolution-Based Personality profiles in adult ADHD patients.AimsTo explore the prevalence of personality traits and disorders among adult ADHD patients.MethodsMillon's personality traits and disorders were assessed in a consecutive sample of 35 adult ADHD outpatients accessing the Service for Adult ADHD of the AOU San Luigi Gonzaga (Orbassano, TO) using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III).ResultsAccording to the MCMI-III manual, ADHD patients in our sample showed more frequently both Cluster C and Cluster A traits and disorders, with a high prevalence of avoidant/depressive (8.6%/14.3%) and negativistic/self-defeating (20%/5.7%) personality disorders. Conversely, we found a low prevalence of Narcissistic (5.7%) and Histrionic (5.7%) traits, and no patient showed Borderline personality traits or disorder.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, the dimensional assessment of adult ADHD personality reveals a high prevalence of cluster C and cluster A personality traits and disorders, and a low prevalence of cluster B personality disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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