Classification of Personality Disorder

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
John Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Personality Disordered

SummaryAn interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Assessment of DSM–III–R Personality Disorders by Self-Report Questionnaire: the Role of Informants and a Screening Test for Co-morbid Personality Disorders (STCPD)

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dowson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Mean

A modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ–R), based on DSM–III–R personality disorders (PDs), was completed by 60 psychiatric patients. An informant's version was also completed by 60 relatives or friends nominated by each subject. Discrete DSM–III–R PDs were rare; the mean number of PDs per subject was 4.5. Cluster analysis showed that only antisocial PD was a basis for classification of patients, while most patients formed two groups which were mainly distinguished by quantitative differences related to the total scores of positive PD criteria. A shorter version of the questionnaire can be used as a screening test for co-morbid PDs (STCPD) which can predict the number of co-morbid DSM–III–R PDs. The total scores of positive PD criteria from the STCPD were usually (and significantly) higher than the corresponding scores from informants' questionnaires but when an informant's total score exceeded that of the patient, this indicated a subject's under-reporting.

Demographic, Personality Trait and Personality Disorder Correlates of Aesthetic Motivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 027623662094291
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Future Directions

This study looked at personality and sub-clinical personality disorder correlates of self-rated motives for aesthetic motivation (AM). Two groups, totalling over 4000 adult British managers, completed three tests including a personality trait measure (HPI); a personality disorders measure (HDS), and a measure of their Motives and Values (MVPI) for Aestheticism and Culture. The two different groups had similar results, showing that for personality traits Inquisitiveness (Openness-to-Experience) and Sociability (Extraversion) were positively, and Adjustment (low Neuroticism) and Prudence (Conscientiousness) were negatively, related to AM. For personality disorder traits Imaginativeness (Schizotypy) and Colourful (Histrionic) were positively correlated with AM. Factor analysis confirmed the higher order classification of both traits and disorders. Regressions at the higher factor level suggested personality traits were more related to AM than disorder traits. Implications for the selection and management of aesthetic people are considered. Limitations and future directions are also noted.

Childhood Behaviour in Schizophrenia, Personality Disorder, Depression, and Neurosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. J. Lewine ◽  
Norman F. Watt ◽  
Robert A. Prentky ◽  
John H. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Personality Disordered ◽  
School Records ◽  
Early Diagnostic

SummaryTeachers' comments in the childhood school records (grades K-12) of 143 psychiatric patients and their matched controls were coded along 23 bipolar dimensions. Two methods of grouping these scales were compared: rational clusters and factor analysis. Factor analysis yielded more numerous and narrowly defined behavioural groupings. Schizophrenics, personality disorder patients, neurotics, and depressives were compared to their matched controls on each of the cluster and factor scores. Both schizophrenics and personality disordered patients were significantly less agreeable in childhood than their respective controls. Pre-schizophrenics also were significantly more unstable. Depressives were more independent than their controls, while neurotics did not differ significantly in any respect from normals in childhood. The data suggest that schizophrenia may have specific developmental patterns of possible aetiological or early diagnostic significance.

Relationship between Neurosis and Personality Disorder

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
Patricia Casey ◽  
Joanna Gall
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Anxiety Neurosis ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Obsessional Neurosis

Summary316 psychiatric patients—predominantly out-patients—with a clinical diagnosis of neurosis (International Classification of Disease), were given an interview schedule for assessing personality disorders. Nearly two fifths were rated as having personality disorder, the anankastic type being the most common and sociopathic personality disorder the least. Patients with anxiety, phobic and obsessional neurosis were all significantly more likely to show personality disorder than those with depressive neurosis. Broadly, passive-dependent personalities were linked to anxiety neurosis, anankastic personality disorder to obsessional neurosis, and both anankastic and passive-dependent personalities to phobic neurosis. In a clinical trial of the efficacy of two dosage regimes of phenelzine in 60 patients the presence of personality disorder significantly impaired clinical outcome. The results suggest strongly that the assessment of personality in neurotic disorders is necessary to make an adequate diagnosis and predict the outcome of treatment.

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED DYSFUNCTION RATINGS OF PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-606
Author(s):  
David C. Watson ◽  
Andrew J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
High Distress

Dysfunction in personality disorder symptoms was assessed using multivariate techniques to analyse lay judges' (N = 216) ratings of occupational impairment, social impairment, and personal distress. Factor analysis revealed that ratings of occupational impairment and social impairment loaded onto distinct factors. Personal distress ratings loaded onto two separate factors: high distress and low distress. Multidimensional scaling revealed two dimensions for overall dysfunction among personality disorders: severity of dysfunction and internalization-externalization. The dimensions were independence-dependence and severity of dysfunction for occupational impairment, interpersonal involvement and dominance-submission for social impairment, and internalization-externalization and severity for personal distress.

ICD-11 and DSM-5 personality trait domains capture categorical personality disorders: Finding a common ground

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Bach ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Mathias Skjernov ◽  
Erik Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Domain Models

Objective: The five personality disorder trait domains in the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition are comparable in terms of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism/Dissociality and Disinhibition. However, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model includes a separate domain of Anankastia, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model includes an additional domain of Psychoticism. This study examined associations of International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domains, simultaneously, with categorical personality disorders. Method: Psychiatric outpatients ( N = 226) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders Interview and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domain scores were obtained using pertinent scoring algorithms for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Associations between categorical personality disorders and trait domains were examined using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Both the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models showed relevant continuity with categorical personality disorders and captured a substantial amount of their information. As expected, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model was superior in capturing obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model was superior in capturing schizotypal personality disorder. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that little information is ‘lost’ in a transition to trait domain models and potentially adds to narrowing the gap between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model. Accordingly, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models may be used to delineate one another as well as features of familiar categorical personality disorder types. A preliminary category-to-domain ‘cross walk’ is provided in the article.

Socialization Scores in Psychiatric Patients and Their Implications for the Diagnosis of Personality Disorders

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Standage
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Strong Association

The distribution scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychologial Inventory was examined in a series of 83 admissions to a general hospital psychiatric service. The series was divided into groups of low and high scorers (Low So and High So). Low So scorers were younger than high scorers and had a raised mean Neuroticism score. A strong association was found between So scores and the quality of parental care which patients reported receiving from their fathers. Other parental attributes are reported. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder were found in the Low So, but not the High So group.

Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
James Reich ◽  
Giovanni de Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Cultures

There has been considerable interest in the study of personality and personality disorder (PD) since early times and in many different cultures. This chapter covers definitions of personality disorders, ICD and DSM classifications of personality disorders, similarities and differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV, recent changes in the conceptualization of DSM personality disorders, categorical versus dimensional styles of classification, and assessment methods for personality disorders.

scholarly journals Threading a pathway through the forest of mood and personality disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Will

SUMMARYThe classification of mood and personality disorders has become unnecessarily complicated. It has become bogged down by well-meaning but unhelpful subcategories that puzzle the will of clinicians to make useful judgements. The answer is to think of bipolar, depressive and personality disorders as each constituting a spectrum of severity and not to be too preoccupied with individual labels. It would also be useful to avoid the diagnostic chimera of borderline personality disorder, a condition that defies proper classification.

Personality Disorders and Psychiatric Symptoms in Psoriasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Alberto Sonnino ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
Nicola Ciani ◽  
Roberto Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales

Two groups of psoriatic outpatients ( ns = 192 and 119) were given, respectively, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and Foulds' Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. They were compared with dental ( n = 192) and with general surgical ( n = 190) patients. The psoriatic group presented clearly higher mean scores and frequencies on most of the personality disorder scales. On Foulds' inventory, psoriatic patients showed higher frequencies of neurotic and psychotic class allocations. A cluster analysis of personality scores provided evidence for 4 different personality clusters of patients with psoriasis: (a) Avoidant, Dependent, Schizoid, and Self-defeating (32.2%), (b) Compulsive, Narcissistic, and Aggressive (30.7%), (c) no personality disorder (18.2%), (d) Borderline, Paranoid, and Schizotypal, etc. (18.8%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document