Models of Mania: An Individual Case Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hemsley ◽  
H. C. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SummaryA longitudinal study of a single case of manic-depressive psychosis investigated the relationship between psychiatric ratings, reaction time and two measures of autonomic activity. Measurements were made on 19 occasions over a five-month period. The number of slow responses on the reaction time task increased with increasing depression. Manic periods appeared not to be characterized by a slowing of responses, but rather by an increase in the number of premature responses, i.e. those made to the warning signal. A derived performance index discriminated over the complete range from severe depression to severe mania.Increased depression was associated with lower heart rate resting levels, and increasing mania with increased skin conductance levels. An increased frequency of slow reaction times was significantly associated with lower resting heart rate. Skin conductance measures correlated significantly with the number of premature responses made on the reaction time tasks. Some differences in the relationships emerged when data obtained during the administration of lithium were included in the analysis.The results are discussed in relation to both the bipolar and the continuum models of manic-depressive psychosis. The latter model is not supported by the present investigation, since manic episodes were not characterized by a more severe departure from normality than depressive episodes on either the number of slowed responses or autonomic measures.

Voluntary Control of Heart Rate in a Practitioner of Yoga: Negative Findings

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Fenz ◽  
Jon M. Plapp
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Augmented Feedback ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Negative Findings

Recordings of heart rate were obtained from a yogi in a reaction time task without and with instructions to decelerate during the anticipatory interval, as well as under a condition of augmented feedback. We found no evidence that S was able voluntarily to control his heart rate.

Reinforcement, skin conductance, and performance in a vigilance-reaction time task

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Hartel ◽  
E.H. Uhlenhuth ◽  
Marian W. Fischman ◽  
Stanley McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task ◽  
And Performance

Abnormality on Paternal and Maternal Sides: Observations in Bipolar (Manic-Depressive) and Unipolar Depressive Psychoses

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (543) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Perris
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Under the heading ‘manic-depressive psychosis' it has been common practice to classify both patients who have suffered from manic and depressive episodes and those who have suffered only from recurrent depressive episodes without manic or hypomanic phases. In recent years, however, evidence has accumulated (Angst, 1966; Perris, 1966; Winokur and Clayton, 1967; Zerbin-Rüdin, 1968) supporting the hypothesis put forward by Leonhard (1957) that manic-depressive (bipolar) and recurrent depressive (unipolar) psychoses are to be regarded as two separate forms of illness, not only in their clinical aspects but also from the genetical point of view (see also Angst and Perris, 1968). If this were accepted, older theories about the genetic transmission of a global ‘manic-depressive’ psychosis would have to be revised.

Uncertainty of Outcomes as a Component of Active Coping

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Baker ◽  
David Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Attentional Processes

Abstract Control or control-belief is often viewed as being directly instrumental in facilitating active coping in aversive situations, and yet the empirical evidence for the effects of control is inconclusive. In this study we investigated the role of feedback and predictability in determining the effects of control-belief during an aversive reaction time task. Ninety-six subjects were allocated to one of eight conditions in a 2 × 2 × 2 control-belief by feedback by predictability factorial design. All subjects were matched in terms of the nature of the task and in the number and time of receipt of both the warning signal and noise. Heart rate reactivity and task performance (reaction time) were measured. Subjects who received feedback displayed greater phasic heart rate responses following the noise stimulus and smaller decreases in heart rate during the postimpact period than those without feedback, particularly in predictable conditions. Control-belief had no effect on heart rate responses. None of the factors led to better task performance. These findings are discussed in relation to processes of active coping and attentional processes of stimulus input, and the need for further studies examining the relative contributions of control-belief, feedback, and predictability in determining cardiovascular function is highlighted.

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