An Experimental Investigation of Desensitization in Phobic Patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (581) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gillan ◽  
S. J. Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Fear Reduction ◽  
The Third

The investigation had three major aims. We attempted to repeat and extend the findings of the Gelder, Marks and Wolff (1967) study of the comparative efficacy of desensitization and psychotherapy in the treatment of phobic patients. Our second aim was to isolate the effects of various components of desensitization treatment, in the manner employed in laboratory studies of fear-reduction (e.g. Davison, 1968; Rachman, 1965; Rachman, 1968). The third aim was to collect data on the relationships between psychophysiological changes and clinical outcome.

Porcellio spinicornis Say (Isopoda) demography. II. A comparison between field and laboratory data

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod ◽  
Independent Laboratory ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
June July ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Field data from a demographic study of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio spinicornis Say were analyzed and compared with laboratory data reported by McQueen and Carnio. On the study area, which covered 482.8 m2, it was observed that reproduction began when average temperatures were > 13 °C, and that about 86% of the individuals produced one brood and about 30% produced two broods. During 1972, 25 654 offspring were produced and during 1973, 27 664 offspring resulted from reproduction, which took place during May, June, July, and August. By October of both years, these animals attained sizes ranging from 10 to 30 mg and exhibited 42 to 47% survivorship. During the next summer, females grew to between 30 and 50 mg and males to between 20 and 40 mg, and survivorship ranged from 15% in May to 2% in August. During the third summer, females attained sizes ranging from 80 to 100 mg and males from 40 to 70 mg. Survivorship during this period ranged from 1% in May to 0% in August. All rates of growth, reproduction, and survival, as well as reproductive periodicity, agreed with independent laboratory studies conducted under controlled conditions. During the 3 years studied the field population remained relatively constant and appeared to be limited by temperature conditions.

Laboratory and field studies on the degradation of fipronil in a soil

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Guo Ying ◽  
Rai Kookana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Sulfone Derivatives

Degradation of a new insecticide/termiticide, fipronil, in a soil was studied in the laboratory and field. Three metabolites of fipronil (desulfinyl, sulfide, and sulfone derivatives) were identified from soils after treatment. Laboratory studies showed that soil moisture content had a great effect on the degradation rate of fipronil and products formed. High soil moisture contents (>50%) favored the formation of a sulfide derivative of fipronil by reduction, whereas low soil moisture (<50%) and well-aerated conditions favored the formation of fipronil sulfone by oxidation. Microorganisms in soil accelerated the degradation of fipronil to sulfide and sulfone derivatives. The third transformation product, a desulfinyl derivative, was formed by photodecomposition of fipronil in water and on the soil surface under sunlight. The desulfinyl derivative degraded rapidly in field soils with a half-life of 41–55 days compared with an average half-life of 132 days for fipronil. The half-life of the 'total toxic component' (fipronil and its metabolites) in field soil was 188 days on average.

scholarly journals Study on Fluorine Pollution in a Slag Yard

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Lide Wei ◽  
Changfu Wei ◽  
Sugang Sui
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper suggests a large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulation method to investigate the fluorine pollution near a slag yard. The large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulation method included an experimental investigation, laboratory studies of solute transport during absorption of water by soil, and large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulations of solute transport. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of fluorine from smelting slag and construction waste soil were well over the discharge limit of 0.1 kg/m3 recommended by Chinese guidelines. The key parameters of the materials used for large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulations were determined based on an experimental investigation, laboratory studies, and soil saturation of survey results and back analyses. A large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulation of solute transport was performed, and its results were compared to the experiment results. The simulation results showed that the clay near the slag had a high saturation of approximately 0.9, consistent with the survey results. Comparison of the results showed that the results of the numerical simulation of solute transport and the test results were nearly identical, and that the numerical simulation results could be used as the basis for groundwater environmental evaluation.

Surgical Treatment of Prolapse of the Third Eyelid Gland in Dogs using Modified Morgan Pocket Technique

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yaygingul ◽  
Z. Bozkan ◽  
Z. Bilgen ªen ◽  
B. Kibar Kurt ◽  
O. Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unilateral Disease ◽  
Percent Success ◽  
The Right

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcome, complications, recurrence rate, and results of the pocket technique in the treatment of prolapse of the third eyelid gland, cherry eye namely. Thirty eyes of 26 dogs diagnosed with prolapse of the third eyelid gland were included the study. Conjunctivitis and ocular discharges were noticed in the affected eyes. The four cases were (15%) bilateral and twenty-two (85%) were unilateral. Of the dogs with unilateral disease, the affected eye was on the left side in 10 (45%) dogs and the right side in 12 (55%). Eighteen dogs were male and eight were female. Twenty-six dogs, 30 eyes with protrusion of the third eyelid gland were treated using Modified Morgan’s pocket technique. In the postoperative period, the dogs were controlled 3 times with 7 day intervals and no clinical problem was detected. Modified Morgan pocket technique was used with 96.1 percent success rate for the re-positioning of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.

An Experimental Investigation on the Bridge Effect in Sound Produced by Setar

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mansour ◽  
Siamak Arzanpour ◽  
Hedayat Alghassi ◽  
Mehdi Behzad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vibrating System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
Near Field Sound ◽  
Field Sound

This study aims to evaluate the amount of energy transfers through the bridge in Setar, a Persian long-necked lute. Stringed musical instruments are among the most complicated acoustical systems. When the string is plucked, its vibration distributes into the entire vibrating system (i.e. body, string, air enclosure) and produces sound. The resultant sound consists of three parts: the first is the string’s direct sound; the second is that part of sound-box vibration being excited by string’s direct sound, and the third is the part of sound-box vibration being excited by string force passing through bridge. The last part believed to have the major share and the others have minor effect. For this research, a specific fixture has been made and a precise plucking machine is installed to hold and pluck the instrument uniformly. Also, a novel approach is utilized to evaluate the share of each abovementioned part in the output near-field sound produced by Setar.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Materials and Their Surface Colours on Nocturnal Cooling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnamdi V. Ogueke ◽  
Kevin N. Nwaigwe ◽  
Chidiebere Nwaiwu ◽  
Emmanuel E. Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Clear Night ◽  
The Third ◽  
Night Sky

The experimental investigation of the effects of materials and their surface colours on nocturnal cooling is presented. Two materials, galvanized steel and aluminium, were considered. Three plates of each material were used. One was painted black, the other white, while the third was left unpainted. Each of the plates (0.5 × 0.5 m) was used to cover a wooden box of dimension 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.24 m, made of 0.02 m thick plywood, thus producing an air tight arrangement. Six of such boxes were formed in all; three from galvanized steel and three from aluminium. Ambient temperatures, temperatures of the air inside the box and on the outside surface of the plates were measured between 19:00 hours and 06:00 hours for 6 months. Also measured was the relative humidity. Results obtained reveal that the plates’ performances greatly depended on how clear the night was. For very clear night, the black painted aluminium gave the best result, maintaining a temperature difference of 3–8°C with the ambient. For a partly overcast night, the best result of 1–5°C difference between the inside air and the ambient was recorded by the unpainted galvanized steel while on heavily overcast night the best performance came from the unpainted aluminium with a temperature difference of 1–4°C. Thus unpainted galvanized steel and aluminium are considered best in region where the night sky is hardly clear.

Experimental Investigation of Sloshing Dynamics Coupled With Barge Responses

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nasar ◽  
S. A. Sannasiraj ◽  
V. Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Wave Excitation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sloshing Frequency ◽  
Sloshing Dynamics ◽  
Liquid Depth ◽  
Cover Up

An experimental work has been carried out to study the phenomena of sloshing of liquid in a partially filled tank with aspect ratio (hs/l, where hs is the static liquid depth and l is the tank length) of 0.585. The sloshing tank was rigidly fixed in to a barge and was exposed to regular beam waves. The wave excitation frequencies (fw) ranging from 0.70Hz to 1.54Hz that cover up to the third mode natural sloshing frequency (f3) are considered. The incident wave height (Hi) is 0.10m. The effects of wave excitation frequency and wave height on the sloshing oscillation are studied. Attempts are made to evaluate the harmonics present in the sloshing oscillation and compare with the results of earlier studies. The barge responses such as sway, heave and roll are measured and it is found that the barge responses at their natural frequencies are insensitive to induce sloshing oscillation inside the tank.

scholarly journals Associations Between Polyvascular Disease and Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Lacunar Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Anxin Wang ◽  
Yijun Zhang ◽  
Yilong Wang ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background and purpose: This study aimed to examine the association of polyvascular disease and clinical outcomes in patients with lacunar stroke.Methods: Data of patients with recent lacunar stroke were collected from The Third China National Stroke Registry. Polyvascular disease is defined as the existence of atherosclerosis across two or more vascular beds. For the present study, polyvascular disease patients were grouped as follows: coronary heart disease (CHD) and lacunar stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and lacunar stroke, and CHD/PAD and lacunar stroke. The major clinical outcome was recurrence, and the secondary clinical outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). A Cox proportional multivariable hazards regression model was applied to estimate the association between polyvascular disease and outcomes.Results: Among 3,165 patients with recent lacunar stroke, CHD was present in 375 (11.8%) and peripheral arterial disease in 168 (5.3%). The hazard ratio (HR) for stroke recurrence was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.46; p = 0.91) for patients with CHD and lacunar stroke, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.61–1.87; p = 0.82) for patients with PAD and lacunar stroke, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.66–1.35; p = 0.75) for patients with CHD/PAD and lacunar stroke compared with patients with isolated lacunar stroke. The HR for MACEs was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.69–1.49; p = 0.94) for patients with CHD and lacunar stroke, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.65–1.90; p = 0.71) for patients with PAD and lacunar stroke, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.70–1.40; p = 0.95) for patients with CHD/PAD and lacunar stroke.Conclusion: Polyvascular disease is not associated with recurrence of stroke and MACEs in patients with recent lacunar stroke at 1 year.

scholarly journals Wohlfart Kugelberg Welander Syndrome

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Ross ◽  
Charles A. Simpson ◽  
Salma Styles
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Abnormal Cells

SUMMARYA family is described with two brothers suffering from the Wohlfart Kugelberg Welander syndrome, and seven unaffected siblings. Another brother died in infancy from “a spinal disorder”. Both affected males developed symptoms in the third decade with weakness of the lower limb girdle, followed by the upper limb girdle. Both showed fasciculations, hyporeflexia, and purely lower motor neuron findings. EMG showed evidence of denervation and muscle biopsy showed neurogenic atrophy. Terminal motor latencies were slightly prolonged and one showed an elevated serum aldolase while both had elevated C.P.K.’s. Laboratory studies on some of the normal siblings were normal. The younger brother who has been seen over two years seems to have become slightly stronger.Dermatoglyphics and chromosomal analysis have been carried out on the patients and some of the normal siblings. All were normal except for the younger affected brother who has persistently showed a high percentage of abnormal cells, though the basic karyotype was normal, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. This is the only case we have found in the literature with chromosome abnormalities. This pedigree suggests a recessive inheritance, possibly x linked.

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