Two Syndromes of Suicide

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (581) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. K. Ovenstone ◽  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Uniform Group ◽  
Made In

People who kill themselves are grouped together as suicides on the basis of that one action, yet they can hardly be considered to be a homogenous class. Attempts to define sub-categories among suicides can be made in a number of different ways, none by itself entirely satisfactory. Differentiation by psychiatric diagnosis is one possibility, but is difficult to achieve and throws little light on the undoubted contribution of social factors. Sociological studies have usually persisted in regarding all suicides as intrinsically similar, and have sought to relate variations in rates between different sections of the community in terms of general social variables such as status integration, social isolation, anomie and the like. Yet suicides are not a uniform group, and relatively little can be achieved while this fact is ignored.

Understanding diversity in later life and a new culture of aging: Sociology of aging in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Daisuke Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
Sociological Studies

This essay introduces sociological studies on aging and related topics in Japan since 2000. It argues the three following points. First, the results of sociological studies on aging, and those from related social science disciplines, have moved away from a uniform understanding of aging to reveal greater diversity in the process. Second, it has become apparent that older people face various social problems, such as social isolation, social disparities, and family care problems. Studies have argued that it is essential to support mutual aid in the community. Finally, the reflexivity of high modernity attempts to push the problem of aging towards autonomy, but a new culture of aging assumes that dependence has the potential to overcome this reflexivity.

scholarly journals Do social factors mediate or moderate the sensory-cognitive associations in older adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Hämäläinen ◽  
Natalie Phillips ◽  
Walter Wittich ◽  
Paul Mick ◽  
M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Sensory and cognitive function both tend to decline with increasing age. Sensory impairments are risk factors for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. One hypothesis about sensory-cognitive associations is that sensory loss results in social isolation which, in turn, is a risk factor for cognitive decline. We tested whether social factors are associated with cognitive and sensory function, and whether sensory-cognitive associations are mediated or moderated by social factors. We used cross-sectional data from 30,029 participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, aged 45-85 years, who had no reported cognitive impairment or diagnosis of dementia. We found strong independent associations of self-reported social variables with hearing (pure-tone audiometry), vision (pinhole-corrected visual acuity), and executive function and weaker associations with memory. The moderating and mediating effects of social variables on sensory-cognitive associations were weak and mostly non-significant, but social factors could be slightly more important for females and older people. Partial retirement (relative to full retirement or not being retired) may have protective effects on cognition in the presence of hearing loss. These findings confirm the association between social factors and sensory and cognitive measures. However, support is weak for the hypothesis that social factors shape sensory-cognitive associations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sosial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Mie Instan Indomie (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Telanaipura Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Denny Asmas ◽  
Ahmad Tarmizi
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Social Variable ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Instant Noodle

The increasing number of residents, especially in Telanaipura Village Telanaipura sub-district will have far-reaching implications also on the decision to purchase instant noodle products.  the background outlined above, can be taken to formulate a problem: How social variables affect the decision to buy Instant Indomie noodle products. The purpose of this study is as follows: To analyze the influence of social variables on the decision to buy instant indomie noodle products. To find out the social influence and purchasing decisions used the regression formula. The accumulated results of respondents' answers showed that on average, all respondents' answers showed that the purchase decision variable was at a pretty good level with an average score of 320. The accumulated respondent's response to social variables was 325.8. This value is in a fairly good interval class. This means that social factors are considered by consumers to consume instant indomie noodle food. determination coefficient or (R Square) of independent variable regression (Social Variable) to the Decision to Purchase indomie instant noodle products 0.643. social variable t-calculated value of 2,003, because the t-count value (2,003) is greater than t-Table (1,684) then at the error rate 5% Ho rejected Ha accepted

From experiment to real-life data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Surkyn ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove ◽  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
The Social

Abstract We examine unintentional spelling errors on verb homophones in informal online chat conversations of Flemish adolescents. In experiments, these verb forms yielded an effect of homophone dominance, i.e., most errors occurred on the lower-frequency form (Sandra et al., 1999). Verb homophones are argued to require the conscious application of a spelling rule, which may cause a temporary overload of working memory resources and trigger automatic retrieval of the higher-frequency spelling from the mental lexicon. Unlike most previous research, we investigate homophone intrusions in a natural writing context. Thus, we test the ‘ecological validity’ of psycholinguistic experiments. Importantly, this study relates these psycholinguistic constructs to different social variables in social media writing to test a prediction that directly follows from Sandra et al.’s account. Whereas social factors likely affect the error rates, they should not affect the error pattern: the number of working memory failures occurs at another processing level than the homophone intrusions. Hence, the focus is on the interaction between homophone dominance and the social variables. The errors for two types of verb homophones reveal (a) an impact of all social variables, (b) an effect of homophone dominance, and (c) no interaction between this effect and the social factors.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL PHONOLOGICAL FEATURE DURING A SEMESTER ABROAD IN ARGENTINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pozzi ◽  
Robert Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Word List ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Phonological Feature ◽  
Made In

Abstract Although recent research suggests that gains are made in the acquisition of dialectal features during study abroad, the few studies that have been conducted on this topic in Spanish-speaking contexts have focused primarily on features characteristic of Spain. This article examines the L2 acquisition of phonological features characteristic of Buenos Aires Spanish, [ʃ] and [ʒ], known as sheísmo/zheísmo, for example the pronunciation of llave [ʝaβe] “key” as [ʃaβe] or [ʒaβe]. Participants include 23 learners of Spanish studying in Buenos Aires, Argentina. More than 4,800 tokens were gathered before, during, and at the end of the semester using sociolinguistic interviews, a reading passage, and a word list. These data were analyzed for the influence of linguistic and social factors using mixed-effects logistic regression (Rbrul; Johnson, 2009). Results suggest that participants approximate nativelike norms of use of these features and that time in country is a statistically significant predictor of patterns of phonological variation.

The Ecology of Suicidal Behaviour

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (496) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. McCulloch ◽  
A. E. Philip ◽  
G. M. Carstairs
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Previous Attempt ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Source Of Information

For over a decade the Maudsley MonographSuicide in London(Sainsbury, 1955) has been the most authoritative source of information about the contribution of certain social factors to the incidence of suicide in a British urban population. Sainsbury's investigation tested the hypothesis “that where social mobility and social isolation are pronounced, community life will be unstable, without order or purpose, and that this will be reflected to a greater or less degree in the suicide rates”. Much of his work stems from the pioneer work of Durkheim (1897). Using a combination of sociological and psychiatric methods he correlated rates of suicide and indices of social characteristics for London Boroughs derived from a social survey, the 1931 Census and other studies (Burt, 1944). He found significant differences in suicide rates among the boroughs, which remained consistent over 30 years despite considerable changes in the composition of their populations. Comparing suicide rates with other social factors he found significant correlations with social isolation, social mobility, divorce and illegitimacy. He suggested that suicide tended to be higher in the middle class and to diminish with poverty, but found no correlation with unemployment and overcrowding. He stated that suicide rates increased with age, particularly among males, there being a preponderance of over 55 year olds in his sample. A seasonal variation was observed, with the peak incidence in May. In his sample there were twice as many men as women. Six per cent. of his group were definitely alcoholic. Nine per cent. had made a previous attempt at suicide. Almost half of the group were seen to be psychiatrically ill or abnormal in personality.

Social influence in the use of the present perfect in Bilbao

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Semantic Domains

The Present Perfect (PP) in some Peninsular Spanish dialects is following the same path as other Romance languages; it is going through a grammaticalization process where the PP is usurping the semantic domains of the Preterite. This is the case of many Peninsular dialects such as Alicante (Schwenter, 1994) and Madrid (Serrano, 1994) among others as well as Bilbao (Kempas, 2005). He found that the frequencies of PPs in hodiernal contexts were higher than in other Spanish cities so these findings point out to a more advanced path of grammaticalization in this city. Previous studies have paid more attention to the linguistic constraints that favor the use of the PP instead of the Preterite rather than the social factors that influence this linguistic change. In this article, I focus on the study of three social variables (age, gender and class) to account for evidence of a change in progress in Bilbao Spanish.

Feeling lonely when not socially isolated

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeeun Lee ◽  
Young-gun Ko
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Informant Agreement ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Socially Isolated

Although it is widely acknowledged that people can feel lonely when not socially isolated, to our knowledge, no study has examined whether loneliness would be differently associated with daily social relations for people who are not socially isolated. The present study examined the role of social isolation (i.e., small social network size) in moderating the association between loneliness and characteristics of daily social interactions—interaction type and qualitative characteristics—using the 7-day social interaction diary data of 118 individuals. The moderating effect of social isolation on self-informant agreement in loneliness ratings was additionally examined, using three informant ratings of loneliness. Greater loneliness was more related to less frequency of strong tie interactions for people who are less socially isolated, while loneliness was more associated with greater self-focus during interactions for more socially isolated people. In addition, for those who are less socially isolated, the self-informant agreement in loneliness ratings was lower, suggesting that their loneliness might be underrecognized, even by those close to them. These results indicate that the relationships between loneliness and such social variables may operate differently depending upon the personal level of social isolation. In particular, our findings underscore the significant role of frequent interactions with close ties in alleviating the loneliness of people who are not socially isolated, suggesting that human social needs cannot be satisfied merely by a large number of social contacts.

Describing the assistance, the basis for improvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s505-s505
Author(s):  
E.J. Pérez Sánchez ◽  
J.M. Ginés Miranda ◽  
V. Chavarría Romero ◽  
J. Moreno ◽  
A. Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Made In

IntroductionConsultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that study and treat mental health of patients with other medical or surgical conditions. The assistance between hospitals and health services is heterogeneous.Aims and objectivesFor this reason, the objective of our research is to define the clinical characteristics from our CL service and check out the quality relationship with the applicant service, for improving future assistance.MethodsWe made a descriptive analysis of clinical variables from the patients who received assistance during 2 months by the CL service from the hospital del Mar, Barcelona. We got the frequencies and we used the Chi2 test for the comparison between variables: Diagnosis, appearance in the report and treatment in the report.ResultsTotal of the sample: 42 patients, 61.9% women. Mean age: 55.1 years. Psychiatric diagnosis was present before the assistance on 57.1% of the patients. The most frequent diagnosis was Adjustment Disorder (47.6%) and more than one diagnosis was made in the 14.3%. Near the half of the patients required only primary care assistance after the discharge from the hospital. In the 68.3% of the reports appeared information about CL assistance and the indicated treatment didn’t appear in all the reports. Statistically significant differences weren’t found in the comparisons.ConclusionsAdjustment Disorder is supposed to be the most common psychiatric diagnosis in our CL psychiatry service, as we found in the reviewed literature. The results reveal that relationships between services can be improved. More studies must be done for completing information in this issue.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A Survey of Practical Knowledge of Pre-service English Teachers in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Mingmei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
English Education ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Disciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Educational Situation ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Based on interviews and questionnaires, this study investigates the current situation of practical knowledge of 96 senior normal English majors. Information to be gained includes the knowledge about self, discipline, students, educational situation and their beliefs in the essence of education. The results show that: 1) They have clear self-knowledge, but most of them lack teachers' professional identity. 2) Their disciplinary knowledge is generally limited, those with certain teaching experience are better off. 3) Their students' knowledge is seriously influenced by career hopes, those who are willing to be teachers are comparatively good at understanding their students. 4) Their perception of the educational situation of English is one-sided, social factors are totally ignored. 5) Their beliefs in the essence of English education are in the process of alternation between modern and traditional concepts. The findings of the survey are discussed and suggestions are made in this study.

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