Social influence in the use of the present perfect in Bilbao

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Semantic Domains

The Present Perfect (PP) in some Peninsular Spanish dialects is following the same path as other Romance languages; it is going through a grammaticalization process where the PP is usurping the semantic domains of the Preterite. This is the case of many Peninsular dialects such as Alicante (Schwenter, 1994) and Madrid (Serrano, 1994) among others as well as Bilbao (Kempas, 2005). He found that the frequencies of PPs in hodiernal contexts were higher than in other Spanish cities so these findings point out to a more advanced path of grammaticalization in this city. Previous studies have paid more attention to the linguistic constraints that favor the use of the PP instead of the Preterite rather than the social factors that influence this linguistic change. In this article, I focus on the study of three social variables (age, gender and class) to account for evidence of a change in progress in Bilbao Spanish.

A Case of Grammaticalization in the Use of the Perfect for the Preterite in Bilbao Spanish

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City

AbstractResearch into the use of the Present Perfect in various Romance languages often finds that the Present Perfect is taking over functions previously accomplished through the Preterite. This is also the case in Peninsular Spanish. A key constraint on the alternation of the Present Perfect and the Preterite involves the time-frame distinction of “today” versus “before-today”. Among the various dialects of Spanish spoken in Spain,the regional dialect of Bilbao has been identified as having the highest percentage of “today” Present Perfects. Nonetheless, no community-based study of this dialect has been carried out. This study reports the results of a variationist study of the increasing use of the Present Perfect instead of Preterite in the city of Bilbao, Spain, based on 49 sociolinguistic interviews. Twenty factor groups involving linguistic constraints were analyzed. The findings support the findings of previous research except for the case of telicity, polarity and clause type that were not found to be significant in previous research. In addition, the findings provide new evidence of the significance of the following factors in a multi-variate analysis of the alternation of the Present Perfect and the Preterite: mood, the following verb’s mood, the following verb’s tense and narratives.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sosial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Mie Instan Indomie (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Telanaipura Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Denny Asmas ◽  
Ahmad Tarmizi
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Social Variable ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Instant Noodle

The increasing number of residents, especially in Telanaipura Village Telanaipura sub-district will have far-reaching implications also on the decision to purchase instant noodle products.  the background outlined above, can be taken to formulate a problem: How social variables affect the decision to buy Instant Indomie noodle products. The purpose of this study is as follows: To analyze the influence of social variables on the decision to buy instant indomie noodle products. To find out the social influence and purchasing decisions used the regression formula. The accumulated results of respondents' answers showed that on average, all respondents' answers showed that the purchase decision variable was at a pretty good level with an average score of 320. The accumulated respondent's response to social variables was 325.8. This value is in a fairly good interval class. This means that social factors are considered by consumers to consume instant indomie noodle food. determination coefficient or (R Square) of independent variable regression (Social Variable) to the Decision to Purchase indomie instant noodle products 0.643. social variable t-calculated value of 2,003, because the t-count value (2,003) is greater than t-Table (1,684) then at the error rate 5% Ho rejected Ha accepted

From experiment to real-life data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Surkyn ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove ◽  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
The Social

Abstract We examine unintentional spelling errors on verb homophones in informal online chat conversations of Flemish adolescents. In experiments, these verb forms yielded an effect of homophone dominance, i.e., most errors occurred on the lower-frequency form (Sandra et al., 1999). Verb homophones are argued to require the conscious application of a spelling rule, which may cause a temporary overload of working memory resources and trigger automatic retrieval of the higher-frequency spelling from the mental lexicon. Unlike most previous research, we investigate homophone intrusions in a natural writing context. Thus, we test the ‘ecological validity’ of psycholinguistic experiments. Importantly, this study relates these psycholinguistic constructs to different social variables in social media writing to test a prediction that directly follows from Sandra et al.’s account. Whereas social factors likely affect the error rates, they should not affect the error pattern: the number of working memory failures occurs at another processing level than the homophone intrusions. Hence, the focus is on the interaction between homophone dominance and the social variables. The errors for two types of verb homophones reveal (a) an impact of all social variables, (b) an effect of homophone dominance, and (c) no interaction between this effect and the social factors.

Realization Patterns of Request Strategies in Sudanese Arabic and English

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdel Gadir Tag Eldin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study tried to identify the Sudanese university students’ preferences of request strategies. It explored the claim of the universality of the speech act’s three levels of directness i.e. direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect. It contrasted and compared the subjects’ choice of strategies in Arabic and English languages. It also investigated the impact of some social factors on the subjects’ strategy choice. The data collected from the subjects showed that they used direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect requests when they responded to English and Arabic Discourse Completion Tests. This finding consolidated the universality claim of the three levels of directness. The data also showed that the subjects preferred to use direct requests more than the conventionally indirect ones and hints. The collectivist culture of the students’ society influenced their choice of direct strategies as it is based on solidarity, intimacy, etc. The results also showed that the different social variables i.e. the social distance between the interactants, the power one interlocutor has over the other, and the degree of request imposition had impact on the subjects’ choice of strategies. </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>:</strong> Pragmatics, Request Strategies, Speech acts, Sudanese university students, Sudanese Colloquial Arabic.</p>

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF GDP GROWTH AND MODELING ISSUES: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Shahzad Farid ◽  
◽  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Ahmad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Growth Modeling ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
The Social

The study claimed that economic variables, exclusively, have been prioritized to determine GDP growth while social variables are comparatively vigorous for the determination. Therefore, the study determined GDP growth using economic variables which produced robust results whereas the social variables determined GDP growth concretely. This indicated the modeling issues in terms of economic variables to be used solely. I concluded that social variables to determine GDP growth (using Granger causality) satisfy the conditions of causality – necessity and sufficiency – and formulated a narrative equation (equation a) that reflected most effective predictor(s) of GDP growth. Keywords: GDP growth, Modeling, Social factors, Economic factors

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Holes
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early History ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Early Occurrence

This chapter outlines the scholarly background of the study of Arabic historical dialectology, and addresses the following issues: the early history of Arabic: myth and reality; the definition and exemplification of ‘Middle Arabic’ and ‘Mixed Arabic through history’; evidence for the early occurrence of certain Arabic dialectal features; examples of substrates and borrowing in Arabic dialects; the dialect geography of Arabic and its typology, especially the ‘sedentary’ and ‘bedouin’ divide; how and why dialects have undergone change, large-scale and small-scale, and the causative social factors; a classification of the typology of internal linguistic change in Arabic; causes of the social indexicalization of dialectal features of Arabic; examples of the pidginization and creolization of Arabic, and the reasons for the apparent rarity of this phenomenon.

«Muchas gracias por las felicitaciones a todos. Me habeis emocionado. Les debo una copita»

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-425
Author(s):  
Elia Hernández Socas ◽  
Héctor Hernández Arocha
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Pronominal System

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the process of linguistic change recently detected in the pronominal system of the Spanish variety from the Canary Islands. According to a number of parameters which define the domain of study, such as age, gender, sociocultural level, origin, residence and possible influence of other varieties, the survey makes use of data extracted from the social network Facebook comments to try to find out to what extend the pronominal system generally used in the Canary Islands has undergone a relevant change and what kind of system(s) can best represent the linguistic competence of at least some part of this speech community. Finally, it discusses whether or not the attested change can be related to linguistic self-esteem problems or the influence of peninsular Spanish.

scholarly journals Social and Linguistic Factors as Predictors of Contact-Induced Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Similar Statement ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Contact Situation

AbstractTwo claims made by Thomason & Kaufman (1988) have elicited particularly strong reactions from specialists in language contact: first, that there are no absolute linguistic constraints on the kinds or numbers of features that can be transferred from one language to another; and second, that when social factors and linguistic factors might be expected to push in opposite directions in a language contact situation, the social factors will be the primary determinants of the linguistic outcome. Both claims have frequently been challenged in recent years, for instance by Gillian Sankoff, Ruth King, and Carol Myers-Scotton. To some extent the challenges are based on a misunderstanding of our arguments; most seriously, some critics argue that we dismiss linguistic predictors as entirely irrelevant to an analysis of contact-induced change. Since we discussed linguistic as well as social predictors of contactinduced change, it isn't true that, as King 2002 puts it, we claimed that 'linguistic factors… play no role' in determining the outcome of language contact (and Sankoff 2001 has a similar statement). In part, however, the objections to our position are based on genuine theoretical and/or empirical disagreements between Thomason & Kaufman and their critics. This paper explores these disagreements in an effort to arrive at a better understanding of the relative importance of social and linguistic predictors in language contact situations. My main conclusions are these: although critics have made impressive contributions toward specifying linguistic predictors, there is still no good reason to abandon the Thomason & Kaufman position (mainly because it was much less extreme than some readers have assumed); and much more work needs to be done to make even rough predictions about the relative impact of particular social and linguistic factors, and their interactions, in particular contact situations.

Core Sustainable Values: Examining the Consideration and Influence of Social Factors within Sustainable Technologies

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 773-776
Author(s):  
Phillipa Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Solutions

Sustainable technologies appears to focus, as the name suggests, on the technological considerations, following more of a ‘how it works’ or ‘can do’ approach to sustainability. As sustainable concerns appear increasingly prevalent within engineering and design developments, immense practical knowledge is being developed which advances this area further. Moreover, users are progressively aware of the importance of sustainability and are driving demand further, commercially, to develop outcomes with a sustainable label attached. This paper draws from various multi-disciplinary research and theoretical concepts to examine the social influence within sustainable technologies. From this, debate surrounding sustainability can be opened up to a more rounded and responsible perspective. Social considerations are seen in this paper as fundamental to sustainable technology, not only in being classified as sustainable but also producing effective and understandable technical solutions for users.

scholarly journals The Perfect in (Brazilian) Portuguese: A Functional Discourse Grammar View

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-508
Author(s):  
Hella Olbertz
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Configurational Property ◽  
Tense Operator ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Relative Tense ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
The Moment ◽  
State Of Affairs

AbstractIn most Germanic and Romance languages the present perfect has developed from a resultative meaning via an anterior into absolute past. In Functional Discourse Grammar terms this corresponds to the grammaticalization of a phasal aspectual operator at the layer of the Configurational Property, via a relative tense operator at the layer of the State-of-Affairs, into an absolute tense operator at the layer of the Episode. This is what happened in Romance languages, such as French and Italian, while Peninsular Spanish is developing in the same direction, without as yet having fully reached the absolute past stage. The Portuguese present perfect, however, is different as it does not express resultative aspect, relative past or absolute past meaning but rather the iteration or continuity of an event from some past moment onward until after the moment of speaking. A further idiosyncrasy of the perfect in Portuguese is that the auxiliary is based on Latin tenere rather than habere, as is the case in the other Romance languages. This paper describes the semantic and the morphosyntactic aspects of the grammaticalization of the (Brazilian) Portuguese perfect in diachrony and synchrony. It turns out that (i) the medieval habere-based Portuguese present perfect becomes obsolete and the past perfect develops into a relative past, (ii) the post-medieval tenere-based past perfect turns into a relative past as well, whereas (iii) the tenere-based present perfect undergoes semantic specialization in the course of the 20th century. This paper shows how these facts can be accounted for within the Functional Discourse Grammar approach to the grammaticalization of aspect and tense.

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