scholarly journals Why is hitting A&E time targets so hard?: using Nudge theory and modelling to improve response times

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S223-S223
Author(s):  
Kaj Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Response Times ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Large Display ◽  
The One

AimsTo improve the one hour response times to referrals made to psychiatric Liaison in A&E without adding or changing available resources.MethodResponse time data of referrals made to the Homerton University Hospital psychiatric liaison service was collected dating back from August 2016 to October 2019 (n = 10225).A nudge was introduced in the form of a large display showing referrals arriving in real time in the staff office.Data was then collected over a period of 5 weeks (n = 436) to measure if any change had occurred in response times.ResultResponse times appear to follow a Poisson like distribution curve. The average referral was responded to within 6 minutes (n = 1577) prior to the nudge, and 6 minutes (n = 88) after. Prior to the nudge the 95% referral envelope fell within 134 minutes (n = 9728) and was 122 minutes (n = 414) after the intervention. Significant statistical difference is observed upon considering response in the first 240 minutes.ConclusionNudge interventions could be a useful resource-sparing method to improve services. The average referral to the HUH liaison team was quickly responded to within 6 minutes and yet hitting the 1 hour 95% target appears ever-elusive. Hitting targets of 95% responses within 1 hour may prove very difficult if we are not considering natural distributions, such as Poisson, occuring in the backgroung which ultimately may require a change in approaches to how we set performance targets.

scholarly journals Effects of Visual and Auditory Response Times in Males and Females by using Tactile and Mouse on Web Based Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6458-6464
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Auditory Response

The purpose of this research work is to find out whether one of visual response time or auditory response time is faster than another on web based environment. Simple reaction time can be strong when an individual is asked to press a button as soon as a light or sound appears. A tool for capturing response times is created. This tool is a web application www.responsetime.muhammadsuhaib.com that runs on server and can be accessed through internet. R is commonly used in countless scientific disciplines for statistical analysis. Collected data will be analyzed by using R. it is concluded that on web based environment visual response times are not different than auditory response time. The data are also classified by gender to compare male response time and female response time, data analyzed based on gender, on visual stimuli, male react faster than female. However, on auditory stimuli, there is no different between male and female

Measures of phonological typicality

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Morten H. Christiansen ◽  
Thomas A. Farmer ◽  
Stanka A. Fitneva
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Parameter Variation ◽  
Response Time Data ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Monosyllabic Word ◽  
Lexical Categories

Phonological Typicality (PT) is a measure of the extent to which a word’s phonology is typical of other words in the lexical category to which it belongs. There is a general coherence among words from the same category in terms of speech sounds, and we have found that words that are phonologically typical of their category tend to be processed more quickly and accurately than words that are less typical. In this paper we describe in greater detail the operationalisation of measures of a word’s PT, and report validations of different parameterisations of the measure. For each variant of PT, we report the extent to which it reflects the coherence of the lexical categories of words in terms of their sound, as well as the extent to which the measure predicts naming and lexical decision response times from a database of monosyllabic word processing. We show that PT is robust to parameter variation, but that measures based on PT of uninflected words (lemmas) best predict response time data for naming and lexical decision of single words.

scholarly journals Medical first response models in rural villages and towns: A simulation study of response times

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Pappinen ◽  
Anna Olkinuora ◽  
Päivi Laukkanen-Nevala
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
First Response ◽  
Geographic Datasets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Introduction Medical first responders (MFR) shorten the response times and improve outcomes in, for example, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. This study demonstrates the usability of open geographic data for analysing MFR service performance by comparing simulated response times of different MFR models in rural town and village settings in Finland. Methods Community first response (CFR) models with one to three responders obeying the speed limit were compared to a volunteer/retained fire department (FD) model where three responders first gather at a fire station and then drive to the scene with lights and siren. Five villages/towns, each with a volunteer/retained FD but no ambulance base within a 10 km radius, were selected to test the models. A total of 50,000 MFR responses with randomly selected buildings as potential responder and patient locations were simulated. Results In central areas, the simulated median response time for the one-responder model was 1.6 minutes, outperforming the FD model’s simulated response time median by 4.5 minutes. In surrounding rural areas, the median response times of one- and two-responder CFR models were still shorter (15.0 and 15.9 minutes, respectively) than in the FD model (16.4 minutes), but the FD model outperformed the three-responder CFR model (16.8 minutes). Conclusion Open geographic datasets were useful in performing logistic simulations of MFR. Based on the simulations, CFR without emergency vehicles may reach patients faster than FD-based MFR in central areas, whereas in surrounding rural areas the difference is less pronounced.

scholarly journals Analysis of speed-accuracy trade-offs using the Wiener diffusion model for choice reaction times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalise Aleta LaPlume
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Time Data ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Speed Accuracy

A methodology review paper on the utility and challenges of modelling speed-accuracy trade-offs in response time data. The paper reviews the importance of accounting for speed-accuracy trade-offs when measuring response times, and provides background on diffusion models for response time data. It then describes a practical software implementation of the EZ-diffusion model to model speed-accuracy trade-offs in choice response time data using the R programming language.

Usage of Dermal Substitutes for Hand Coverage and Reconstruction

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Salah Eldin Elbadawy ◽  
Tarek Salem ELmenoufy ◽  
Rghada El Sayed Talal Tawfik ◽  
Sayed Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Dermal Substitute ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Dermal Substitutes ◽  
Hand Defects ◽  
Volar Surface

Abstract Background Hand coverage and reconstruction gives a challenge for plastic surgery. In this study we introduce a method for hand coverage and reconstruction by dermal substitutes which easy and simple to use. Objectives The aim of this study is to know the versatility of dermal substitutes in reconstruction & coverage of complex hand defects. Patients and Methods This was a cohort study conducted on 20 patients with hand tissue loss; to evaluate the versatility of dermal substitutes in reconstruction & coverage of complex hand defects. Patients attending El Helmeia armed forces hospital (plastic and reconstructive department) & Ain shams university hospital with follow up duration up to 6 months. All patients had clean wound & complex hand defects with exposed tendon and/or bone, Defects post trauma and after tumour excision and Post burn hypertrophic scars, keloid or contractures. Results We found that; the mean age of all patients was (23.5 ± 8.82) years. Regarding gender of the patients, the majority (80%) of patients were males; while (20%) were females. Regarding side of raw area; (55%) of patients had Rt-sided raw area, and (45%) had Lt-sided raw area. Regarding site of raw area; (20%) of patients had Finger-tip raw area, (20%) had Palm raw area, (10%) had Volar surface of little and ring raw area, (10%) had Volar surface of little finger raw area, (25%) had Dorsum raw area, (10%) had Dorsum of lateral 4 fingers raw area, while (5%) had Dorsum of middle finger raw area. Regarding Etiology of raw area; (70%) of raw areas caused by Trauma, (15%) caused after burn keloid removal, (10%) caused after burn contracture, and (5%) caused by donor site. Regarding Intervention data; (50%) of patients used Integra dermal substitute; and (50%) used Pelnac dermal substitute. Regarding follow up data; the average Time of removal was (3.65 ± 0.49) weeks, and the average Time for follow up was (3.25 ± 1.12) months. Comparative study between 20 hand tissue loss patients revealed; highly significant increase in Post-operative STSG satisfaction rate (70%); with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01), highly significant increase in Post-operative STSG good movement (80%); with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01). Conclusion The use of dermal substitutes cons gives an alternative reconstructive option for managing extended skin avulsion injuries of the upper extremity; it reduces postoperative immobilization, minimizes donor site morbidity and provides good functional and esthetic results in a single surgical procedure.

scholarly journals Variable Speed Across Dimensions of Ability in the Joint Model for Responses and Response Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peida Zhan ◽  
Hong Jiao ◽  
Kaiwen Man ◽  
Wen-Chung Wang ◽  
Keren He
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Specific Skill

Working speed as a latent variable reflects a respondent’s efficiency to apply a specific skill, or a piece of knowledge to solve a problem. In this study, the common assumption of many response time models is relaxed in which respondents work with a constant speed across all test items. It is more likely that respondents work with different speed levels across items, in specific when these items measure different dimensions of ability in a multidimensional test. Multiple speed factors are used to model the speed process by allowing speed to vary across different domains of ability. A joint model for multidimensional abilities and multifactor speed is proposed. Real response time data are analyzed with an exploratory factor analysis as an example to uncover the complex structure of working speed. The feasibility of the proposed model is examined using simulation data. An empirical example with responses and response times is presented to illustrate the proposed model’s applicability and rationality.

scholarly journals Sequential Sampling Models Without Random Between-Trial Variability: The Racing Diffusion Model of Speeded Decision

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Sequential Sampling Models ◽  
Sequential Sampling Model

Most current sequential sampling models have random between-trial variability in their parameters. These sources of variability make the models more complex in order to fit response time data, do not provide any further explanation to how the data were generated, and have recently been criticised for allowing infinite flexibility in the models. To explore and test the need of between-trial variability parameters we develop a simple sequential sampling model of N-choice speeded decision making: the racing diffusion model. The model makes speeded decisions from a race of evidence accumulators that integrate information in a noisy fashion within a trial. The racing diffusion does not assume that any evidence accumulation process varies between trial, and so, the model provides alternative explanations of key response time phenomena, such as fast and slow error response times relative to correct response times. Overall, our paper gives good reason to rethink including between-trial variability parameters in sequential sampling models

Diffusion Models in Experimental Psychology

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Markus Nagler ◽  
Veronika Lerche
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Decision Biases ◽  
Response Time Distributions

Stochastic diffusion models ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) can be used to analyze response time data from binary decision tasks. They provide detailed information about cognitive processes underlying the performance in such tasks. Most importantly, different parameters are estimated from the response time distributions of correct responses and errors that map (1) the speed of information uptake, (2) the amount of information used to make a decision, (3) possible decision biases, and (4) the duration of nondecisional processes. Although this kind of model can be applied to many experimental paradigms and provides much more insight than the analysis of mean response times can, it is still rarely used in cognitive psychology. In the present paper, we provide comprehensive information on the theory of the diffusion model, as well as on practical issues that have to be considered for implementing the model.

scholarly journals Beyond test accuracy: Benefits of measuring response time in computerised testing

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Gvozdenko ◽  
Dianne Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Time Distribution ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Mathematics Skills ◽  
The Impact

<span>This paper investigates how monitoring the time spent on a question in a test of basic mathematics skills can provide insights into learning processes, the quality of test takers' knowledge, and cognitive demands and performance of test items that otherwise would remain undiscovered if the usual test outcome of accuracy only format ("correct/incorrect") was used. Data from three tests of basic mathematics skills taken by tertiary students in 2004-2006 were analysed. Means and distributions of individual response times on parallel test questions were examined and differences were further investigated.</span><p>Analysis of response time data revealed a number of surprising findings in regard to the impact of variables on preferences for written and mental calculation methods and regarding additional cognitive demands of a question. The study examined how simple statistical analysis of response time distribution can be used to investigate abnormalities of the item functioning. These findings may be of value to educators and to test producers by informing them about the potential of utilising response time measurements as a diagnostic facility in computerised tests, for the purposes of improving teaching and learning.</p>

Passenger Response Time Data-Sets for Large Passenger Ferries and Cruise Ships Derived from Sea Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Time Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Response Time Distributions

This paper describes research that was carried-out under the EU FP7 research project SAFEGUARD and presents passenger response time data generated from five full-scale semi-unannounced assembly trials at sea. The data-sets were generated from three different types of passenger ships, a RO-PAX ferry without cabins (RP1), a cruise ship (CS) and a RO-PAX ferry with cabins (RP2). In total, response times from 2366 people were collected making it the largest response time data-set ever collected – on land or sea. The analysis methodology used to extract the response time data and the resultant response time distributions (RTD) is presented. A number of key findings from the data analysis are presented along with three recommendations to modify the IMO guidelines governing ship evacuation analysis, namely; (a) it is inappropriate to use the same RTD for cruise ships and RO-PAX vessels; (b) a new Day Case RTD is suggested for RO-PAX vessels and (c) new Day and Night RTDs are suggested for cruise ships.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document