scholarly journals Psychiatry past and present: do we need history?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Claire Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Service Policy ◽  
The Uk

Historical evidence can be useful to inform debate about current dilemmas in health service policy. However, concepts of historical analysis may be problematic for doctors, for whom a model of ‘history’ is often based on clinical history-taking: a clinical history aims to explain the present, whereas a historical analysis aims to elucidate the past. This article discusses and illustrates these concepts, and highlights potential pitfalls of poor historical methodology. It also provides pointers about researching the history of psychiatry in the UK and how to contribute historical evidence to health service policy debates today.Declaration of interestNone.

The Oxford Handbook of American Women's and Gender History

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Free Women

The Oxford Handbook of American Women’s and Gender History boldly interprets the history of diverse women and how ideas about gender shaped their access to political and cultural power in North America over six centuries. In twenty-nine chapters, the Handbook showcases women’s and gender history as an integrated field with its own interpretation of the past, focused on how gender influenced people’s lives as they participated in migration, colonialism, trade, warfare, artistic production, and community building. Organized chronologically and thematically, the Handbook’s six sections allow readers to consider historical continuities of gendered power as well as individual innovations and ruptures in gender systems. Theoretically cutting edge, each chapter bursts with fascinating historical characters, from young Chicanas transforming urban culture, to free women of color forging abolitionist doctrines, to Asian migrant women defending the legitimacy of their marriages, to working-class activists mobilizing international movements, to transwomen fleeing incarceration. Together, their lives constitute the history of a continent. Leading scholars from multiple generations demonstrate the power of innovative research to excavate a history hidden in plain sight. Scrutinizing silences in the historical record, from the inattention to enslaved women’s opinions to the suppression of Indian women’s involvement in border diplomacy, the authors challenge the nature of historical evidence and remap what counts in our interpretation of the past. They demonstrate a way to extend this more capacious vision of history forward, setting an intellectual agenda informed by intersectionality and transnationalism, and new understandings of sexuality.

Historiography: An Introductory Guide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Ka-May Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Historian ◽  
Subjective Perspective ◽  
The Many

“What is historiography?” asked the American historian Carl Becker in 1938. Professional historians continue to argue over the meaning of the term. This book challenges the view of historiography as an esoteric subject by presenting an accessible and concise overview of the history of historical writing from the Renaissance to the present. Historiography plays an integral role in aiding undergraduate students to better understand the nature and purpose of historical analysis more generally by examining the many conflicting ways that historians have defined and approached history. By demonstrating how these historians have differed in both their interpretations of specific historical events and their definitions of history itself, this book conveys to students the interpretive character of history as a discipline and the way that the historian’s context and subjective perspective influence his or her understanding of the past.

scholarly journals Psychocapital and Shangri-Las: How happiness became both a means and end to governmentality

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Past ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Politics Of Happiness

In this paper a paradox is revealed in the politics of well-being over the means and ends of happiness. That paradox, in brief, is that although happiness is argued to be the ultimate end of all governmentality, in order to serve as that end, it first needs to be translated into a means for bolstering the economy, for only that way can a teleology of happiness gain a foothold in a world which prioritizes economic growth as an end in itself. To show this the paper gives a history of subjective well-being (SWB) research, and contrasts it with the politics of happiness in the UK, where SWB has in the past decade been translated into a discourse around the psychological wealth of the nation via the concepts of mental capital (MC) and mental well-being (MWB).

The Role of Biography in Writing the History of Archaeology (1992)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Givens
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The history of any discipline involves the explanation of its past and how the past has influenced its development through time. Its ‘objects are events which have finished happening, and conditions no longer in existence. Only when they are no longer perceptible do they become objects of historical thought’ (Collingwood 1946: 233). Writing the history of archaeology involves the analysis of past events and of the contributions that individual archaeologists have made to its development through time. The roles of individuals in archaeology are best seen in biographical accounts of their labours and in the contributions to the discipline that they have made. In general, historians of archaeological science, who are interested in explaining the roles of the individuals in its development, must focus their attention on three important items. First, the most important item is evidence that something has occurred. If individuals’ contributions have no basis in truth and cannot be justified, then they are of no value to the historian of archaeology. Second, the historical picture of individuals’ lives and work must have defined boundaries in space and time. These provide the area of focus for study and description of individuals’ activities. Third, the efforts of individual practitioners must be couched within the intellectual climate in which they are made. Individuals’ contributions are not made in an intellectual vacuum, apart from collegial or institutional influences. Biography, as a tool for writing the history of archaeology, must embrace all of these requisites. For those engaged in explaining archaeology’s past, historical evidence of event and period provide the foundation upon which we can trace our science’s development. Studying and evaluating past work can be helpful in separating useful and outdated methodologies of the field and laboratory. Moreover, the study of the history of anthropology may give the anthropologist needed ‘distance from their own theoretical and methodological preoccupations’ (Darnell 1974: 2). What we see anthropology today as being is certainly not what the ultimate science of humankind will be in the future.

Adolescent Psychiatry Services

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Jaffa
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

BackgroundThe way in which psychiatric services for adolescents in the UK are developing will be affected by recent changes in the organisation of the National Health Service.MethodThe history of these services, and the different opportunities for development are reviewed.ResultsWays in which high-quality clinical care can still be provided are indicated.ConclusionAdolescent psychiatric services should be judged on their ability to provide such care, not merely on their ability to survive.

Symbolic Megaprojects: Historical Evidence of a Forgotten Dimension

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Lopez Rego ◽  
Helio Arthur Reis Irigaray ◽  
Renato Lago P. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light

By combining an historical analysis of three megaprojects and an organizational theory approach based on the notion of symbolism-intensive organizations, this research attempts to shed light on how symbols are constructed, communicated, translated, and captured in megaprojects. We conclude that, when it comes to symbolic projects, a number of project features may not be mirrored in the outcome's observable traits. We propose a novel analysis dimension: the symbolism-intensive project; in other words, projects that are carried out aimed at delivering long-awaited needs, a supreme mission, annihilation of the past, or even the reification of heroes, or success.

A history of bovine tuberculosis eradication policy in Northern Ireland

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3182-3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Archives

SUMMARYDespite many years of state-sponsored efforts to eradicate the disease from cattle through testing and slaughter, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still regarded as the most important and complex of animal health challenges facing the British livestock agricultural industry. This paper provides a historical analysis of the ongoing bTB statutory eradication programme in one part of the UK – Northern Ireland (NI) – which began in 1949 as a voluntary scheme, but between 1959 and 1960 became compulsory for all cattle herd-owners. Tracing bTB back through time sets the eradication efforts of the present day within a deeper context, and provides signposts for what developed in subsequent decades. The findings are based primarily on empirical research using historical published reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and state documents held in the public archives in NI, and they emphasize the need to consider the economic, social and political contexts of disease eradication efforts and their influences on both the past and the present.

scholarly journals Special issue on cognitive approaches to the history of English: introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER BERGS ◽  
THOMAS HOFFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
High Degree

What do we know about the past? For at least some languages, we have textual (or archaeological) evidence from various periods – beyond that, there is only reconstruction. But even when we have some textual evidence, what does it tell us? The answer to this question crucially depends on the way we approach the question: we can treat texts as decontextualized, linguistic evidence, as Neogrammarian or Structuralist studies have done (see McMahon 1994: 17–32). Such an approach already allows us to discover important generalizations about the linguistic state of affairs of a particular language or historical period. Using decontextualized historical evidence, for example, we can already ascertain with a high degree of certainty that in Old English voiced and voiceless fricatives were allophones, rather than phonemes, that there was nodo-periphrasis in Middle English, and that in Early Modern English there was some variability between third-person singular present tense {-s} and {-th} – just as we know that present-day Japanese and Korean use postpositions, rather than prepositions.

scholarly journals Does consultancy research have a future?

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (100) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
David Streatfield
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

This article reviews the history of consultancy research in the UK over the past thirty years, identifying rapid growth in the number of participants and a shift towards policy-driven commissioning. Some likely changes in LIS policy and practice and in the concomitant consultancy research are identified. These changes in turn suggest some evolution in consultancy research, which is likely to become more complex and strategic, with increased organisational divergence and convergence in different areas, more flexible research contracts, more international, focus, and addressing more difficult research issues. These changes are likely to call for better inter-personal and diagnostic skills, more expertise and constant updating in a range of disciplines, stronger social science research skills, training and professional development skills and expertise and enhanced impact evaluation skills and expertise. There appears to be little future for small independent consultancies but scope for collaboration with other researcher groups.

scholarly journals Clinical attachments in psychiatry

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Rory O'Shea ◽  
Srikanth Nimmagadda
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

This article discusses the history of clinical attachments in psychiatry and recent changes in this area, including work permit regulations, which can make it increasingly difficult to obtain an attachment. The advantages and disadvantages of clinical attachments are considered for both the clinical attache and the UK health service. Good practice points for clinical attaches and their supervisors are presented. The future of the scheme is discussed and potential solutions to difficulties are suggested.

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