Marine seismic exploration using vertical receiver arrays: A means for reduction of weather downtime

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mundy Brink ◽  
Morten Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Receiver Arrays

Looking back: a history of marine seismic exploration

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Sternlicht
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Looking Back

scholarly journals Frequency Response Stabilization and Comparative Studies of MET Hydrophone at Marine Seismic Exploration Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Anna Shabalina ◽  
Dmitry Zaitsev ◽  
Sergey Kurkov ◽  
Nikolay Gueorguiev
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Marine Seismic

Low frequency hydrophone with a frequency range of 1−300 Hz for marine seismic exploration systems has been developed. The operation principle of the hydrophone bases on the molecular electronic transfer that allows high sensitivity and low level self-noise at low frequencies (<10 Hz) to be achieved. The paper presents a stabilization method of the frequency response within the frequency range at a depth up to 30 m. Laboratory and marine tests confirmed the stated characteristics as well as the possibility of using this sensor in bottom marine seismic systems. An experimental sample of the hydrophone successfully passed a comparative marine test at Gelendzhik Bay (Black Sea) with the technical support of Joint-Stock Company (JSC) “Yuzhmorgeologiya”. One of the main results is the possibility of obtaining high-quality information in the field of low frequencies, which was demonstrated in the course of field tests.

scholarly journals Full reciprocity-gap waveform inversion enabling sparse-source acquisition

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. R461-R476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Faucher ◽  
Giovanni Alessandrini ◽  
Hélène Barucq ◽  
Maarten V. de Hoop ◽  
Romina Gaburro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Dual Sensor ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Propagation Of Waves

The quantitative reconstruction of subsurface earth properties from the propagation of waves follows an iterative minimization of a misfit functional. In marine seismic exploration, the observed data usually consist of measurements of the pressure field, but dual-sensor devices also provide the normal velocity. Consequently, a reciprocity-based misfit functional is specifically designed, and it defines the full reciprocity-gap waveform inversion (FRgWI) method. This misfit functional provides additional features compared to the more traditional least-squares approaches, in particular, in that the observational and computational acquisitions can be different. Therefore, the positions and wavelets of the sources from which the measurements are acquired are not needed in the reconstruction procedure and, in fact, the numerical acquisition (for the simulations) can be chosen arbitrarily. Based on 3D experiments, FRgWI is shown to behave better than full-waveform inversion in the same context. It allows for arbitrary numerical acquisitions in two ways: when few measurements are given, a dense numerical acquisition (compared to the observational one) can be used to compensate. However, with a dense observational acquisition, a sparse computational one is shown to be sufficient, for instance, with multiple-point sources, hence reducing the numerical cost. FRgWI displays accurate reconstructions in both situations and appears more robust with respect to crosstalk than least-squares shot stacking.

Analyzing the effectiveness of receiver arrays for multicomponent seismic exploration

Geophysics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Hoffe ◽  
Gary F. Margrave ◽  
Robert R. Stewart ◽  
Darren S. Foltinek ◽  
Henry C. Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Seismic Line ◽  
Noise Rejection ◽  
Seismic Image ◽  
Receiver Arrays

This paper uses an experimental seismic line recorded with three‐component (3C) receivers to develop a case history demonstrating very little benefit from receiver arrays as compared to point receivers. Two common array designs are tested; they are detrimental to the P‐S wavefield and provide little additional benefit for P‐P data. The seismic data are a 3C 2‐D line recorded at closely spaced (2 m) point receivers over the Blackfoot oil field, Alberta. The 3C receiver arrays are constructed by summing five (one group interval) and ten (two group intervals) point receivers. The shorter array emphasizes signal preservation while the longer array places priority on noise rejection. The effectiveness of the arrays versus the single geophones is compared in both the t−x and f−k domains of common source gathers. The quality of poststack data is also compared by analyzing the f−x spectra for signal bandwidth on both the vertical receiver component (P‐P) and radial receiver component (P‐S) structure stacks produced using these two array design philosophies. The prestack analysis shows that the two arrays effectively suppress coherent noise on both the vertical and radial geophone data and perform reasonably as spatial antialias filters. The poststack analysis reveals that, for both the P‐P and P‐S data, neither of the two arrays significantly improves the quality of the final seismic image over that obtained from point receiver data. For the P‐P data there are subtle differences between the final stacked sections, while for the P‐S data there is a significant deterioration in image quality from the application of the arrays. This P‐S image deterioration is attributed to significant variation of shear‐wave statics across the array. For this specific survey area and acquisition parameters, 3C receiver arrays are unnecessary for P‐P data and are detrimental to P‐S data.

EXTENDED ARRAYS FOR MARINE SEISMIC ACQUISITION

Geophysics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lofthouse ◽  
G. T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Receiver Arrays

In‐line arrays for both source and receiver have been implemented for marine seismic reflection data acquisition. The in‐line array dimensions (variable within limits) are considerably greater than any previously used system of which we are aware. The arrays were designed to attenuate extremely strong sea‐bottom multiples during the data acquisition phase. The source comprised 25 airguns arranged in five identical in‐line subarrays. Each subarray produced a signal of better than 6 barmeters acoustic intensity with a primary‐to‐bubble ratio of approximately 4.4 from guns totaling 297 cu in. When this source was delivered in 1973, it constituted the most powerful production airgun source for which we had seen calibration measurements. Receiver arrays were implemented by a “weighting‐mixing” box (which formed part of the DFS IV instrument), the input to which comprised 53 channels of data each from a 50 m live section in the streamer cable. Processing techniques which are complementary to the field procedures have been developed. Comparisons with “conventional” data (and such data processed to simulate field arrays) show significant improvements in “data quality” from the new field techniques, that is, the new data are easier to interpret geologically because interfering multiples have been attenuated relative to desired energy. Whilst the large outgoing signal amplitude will have made some contribution to the data quality, the major improvement is believed to result from the use of arrays in the recording phase. This system, first used for production in August 1973, was subsequently used successfully during recording of 17,000 km of offshore seismic data from Eastern Canada, the North Sea, and the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Study of pneumatic sources of elastic waves for marine seismic exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
G L Kozenkova ◽  
V N Talamanov ◽  
V A Kozenkov ◽  
S I Kondratyev ◽  
E V Khekert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Marine Seismic

Abstract An extensive use of geophysical methods necessitates the development of new methods and improvement of existing methods for seismic exploration to provide reliable data on the structure of the environment in difficult geological conditions. Therefore, it is especially relevant to solve the problems arising in marine petroleum geophysics, which require constant improvement of the methodology and technology of work, and the development and implementation of the advanced seismic equipment. Pneumatic sources that use compressed air as a working medium are among the most effective non-explosive sources for marine seismic exploration. Pneumatic sources exhibit high-energy characteristics, reliability and versatility. Compressor equipment that provide pneumatic sources with high-pressure compressed air is relatively easy to embed into the marine vessel’s power system. The above requires the development and improvement of theoretical methods for studying dynamic problems of a liquid half-space with buried sources of various types. A theoretical description of the formation of an elastic signal in water is given in a number of works. However, the authors of these works do not perform the analysis of gas transportation. The paper considers a number of characteristics of gas flow at a subsonic speed along the high-pressure hose from a vessel’s compressor unit to a pneumatic source. The airflow rate in the receiver-pneumatic source system is determined, and the friction force at a quasi-steady isothermal mode of gas flow is calculated. The paper presents recommendations for planning geophysical works.

scholarly journals Cross-streamer wavefield reconstruction through wavelet domain learning

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. V457-V471
Author(s):  
Thomas Andre Larsen Greiner ◽  
Volodya Hlebnikov ◽  
Jan Erik Lie ◽  
Odd Kolbjørnsen ◽  
Andreas Kjelsrud Evensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Wavelet Domain ◽  
Spatial Aliasing ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Marine Source ◽  
Marine Seismic

Seismic exploration in complex geologic settings and shallow geologic targets has led to a demand for higher spatial and temporal resolution in the final migrated image. Conventional marine seismic and wide-azimuth data acquisition lack near-offset coverage, which limits imaging in these settings. A new marine source-over-cable survey, with split-spread configuration, known as TopSeis, was introduced in 2017 to address the shallow-target problem. However, wavefield reconstruction in the near offsets is challenging in the shallow part of the seismic record due to the high temporal frequencies and coarse sampling that leads to severe spatial aliasing. We have investigated deep learning as a tool for the reconstruction problem, beyond spatial aliasing. Our method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach trained in the wavelet domain that is used to reconstruct the wavefield across the streamers. We determine the performance of the proposed method on broadband synthetic data and TopSeis field data from the Barents Sea. From our synthetic example, we find that the CNN can be learned in the inline direction and applied in the crossline direction, and that the approach preserves the characteristics of the geologic model in the migrated section. In addition, we compare our method to an industry-standard Fourier-based interpolation method, in which the CNN approach shows an improvement in the root-mean-square (rms) error close to a factor of two. In our field data example, we find that the approach reconstructs the wavefield across the streamers in the shot domain, and it displays promising characteristics of a reconstructed 3D wavefield.

scholarly journals Modeling and Research on Power System of Distributed Sensor Networks for Long Streamers in Marine Seismic Exploration

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hongwei Yu ◽  
Kezhu Song ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Chuan Wu ◽  
Ke Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power System ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Marine Seismic

The electric power system plays an important role in sensor networks. In the marine seismic exploration streamer system (MSESS), an underwater power system transmits high-voltage direct current to all nodes in the streamer through a daisy chain structure. As offshore oil exploration develops toward deep water, it is necessary to study long streamers with large-scale sensor networks for deep water exploration. When the length of a streamer is increased to a certain value, the output current of the power supply increases sharply. This results in the activation of the overcurrent protection and the power supply shuts down. This paper puts forward an accurate model for an underwater power system applied to MSESS. Using the Newton iteration algorithm and a reverse algorithm, equations established by the model are solved and laboratory test results are used to verify the accuracy of the model. Based on simulation and analysis of the model, we explain why the power system crashes when the streamer is too long. Software that can quickly calculate the maximum number of nodes (the maximum length with which the system works normally) is developed and it is significant for the design of MSESS. The method of research could also be applied to relevant work such as large-scale sensor networks with daisy-chaining power supply in land seismic exploration.

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