Feasibility of CDP seismic reflection to image structures in a 220-m deep, 3-m thick coal zone near Palau, Coahuila, Mexico

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1373-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Miller ◽  
Victor Saenz ◽  
Robert J. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Subsurface Structure ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Common Depth Point ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
Zone Depth ◽  
Seismic Sections

The common‐depth‐point (CDP) seismic‐reflection method was used to delineate subsurface structure in a 3-m thick, 220-m deep coal zone in the Palau area of Coahuila, Mexico. An extensive series of walkaway‐noise tests was performed to optimize recording parameters and equipment. Reflection events can be interpreted from depths of approximately 100 to 300 m on CDP stacked seismic sections. The seismic data allow accurate identification of the horizontal location of the structure responsible for a drill‐discovered 3-m difference in coal‐zone depth between boreholes 150 m apart. The reflection method can discriminate folding with wavelengths in excess of 20 m and faulting with offset greater than 2 m at this site.

scholarly journals Seismic reflection investigations of sinkholes beneath Interstate Highway 70 in Kansas

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Steeples ◽  
Ralph W. Knapp ◽  
Carl D. McElwee
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Subsurface Investigation

Seismic reflection studies were performed across actively developing sinkholes located astride Interstate Highway 70 in Russell County, Kansas. Results indicate that high‐resolution seismic reflection surveys are useful in the subsurface investigation of some sinkholes. In particular, we were able to delineate the subsurface vertical and horizontal extent of the sinkholes because of the excellent acoustical marker‐bed characteristics of the Stone Corral anhydrite. The seismic reflection evidence presented here, combined with borehole information from 1967, suggest that the Stone Corral anhydrite has been down‐dropped within one of the sinkholes as much as 30 m in 13 years. The seismic reflection method is potentially useful in engineering studies of other sinkholes and karst features. The seismic data presented here were obtained in the presence of relatively heavy highway traffic (i.e., up to a few dozen vehicles per minute) using the MiniSOSIE recording technique.

Using Areal Common Depth-Point (CMP) Seismic Reflection Method for Additional Exploration of the Coal Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Turchkov ◽  
A.N Oshkin ◽  
I.P. Korotkov ◽  
E.A. Keldyushova ◽  
A.A. Vyaznikovcev
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Common Depth Point ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method

Shallow VSP work in the U.S. Appalachian coal basin

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Gochioco
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Seismic Wavelet ◽  
Common Depth Point ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Sonic Logs

Most geophysical applications in North American coal exploration have centered around the conventional surface seismic reflection method to provide continuous subsurface coverage for evaluating both good and anomalous coal reserve areas (Ruskey, 1981; Dobecki and Bartel, 1982; Greaves, 1984; Lawton, 1985; Lyatsky and Lawton, 1988; Gochioco and Cotten, 1989; Lawton and Lyatsky, 1989; Gochioco and Kelly, 1990; Gochioco, 1991; Henson and Sexton, 1991). The surface seismic reflection method, however, has inherent resolution limitations because the seismic wavelet must propagate substantial distances through the weathered layer, resulting in rapid attenuation of the desired higher frequencies. Since the depths and thicknesses of coal seams are usually known before‐hand, it is imperative that the seismic reflection associated with the target coal seam is absolutely identified in the seismic section to avoid misinterpretations. However, it is common that checkshot data and sonic and density logs are not available to generate synthetic seismograms to assist in the interpretation of coal seismic data. To overcome some of these limitations, the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) technique was tested in a coal exploration program to provide additional information for correlation with surface seismic reflection [or common‐depth‐point (CDP)] data and a synthetic seismogram generated from density and sonic logs.

Traveltime formulas of near‐zero‐offset primary reflections for a curved 2D measurement surface

Geophysics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Chira ◽  
Peter Hubral
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Common Reflection Surface ◽  
Measurement Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Zero Offset ◽  
Interval Velocities ◽  
New Formula

Analytic moveout formulas for primary near‐zero‐offset reflections in various types of gathers (e.g., common midpoint, common shot, zero offset) play a significant role in the seismic reflection method. They are required in stacking methods like the common midpoint (CMP) or the common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) stack. They also play a very important role in Dix‐type traveltime inversions and are of prime interest for seismic imaging. They are particularly attractive if they can be given a physical interpretation, involving for instance the wavefront curvatures of specific waves. The new formulas presented here have such a form. They give particular attention to the influence that a smooth curved measurement surface has on the computation of the traveltime and the moveout in various gathers as well as on the normal‐moveout (NMO) velocity in the CMP gather. This influence should be accounted for in the CMP or CRS stack as well as in the Dix‐type inversion. In the computation of interval velocities and the recovery of the depth of reflectors, the new NMO velocity formula is therefore more suited than the root‐mean‐square or NMO velocity for a planar measurement surface. It can be extended to a rugged free surface (mountainous terrain), but this extension requires a different derivation and different considerations. The influence of the surface curvature on the NMO velocity can be estimated with the new formula given here.

scholarly journals Seismic Data Interpretation and Identification of Hydrocarbon-Bearing Zones of Rajian Area, Pakistan

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Sikandar Khan ◽  
Eisha Fatima Noor ◽  
Zhihui Zou ◽  
Abdullatif Al-Shuhail
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Subsurface Structure ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Salt Range ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
The Given ◽  
Triangular Zone

The present study interprets the subsurface structure of the Rajian area using seismic sections and the identification of hydrocarbon-bearing zones using petrophysical analysis. The Rajian area lies within the Upper Indus Basin in the southeast (SE) of the Salt Range Potwar Foreland Basin. The marked horizons are identified using formation tops from two vertical wells. Seismic interpretation of the given 2D seismic data reveals that the study area has undergone severe distortion illustrated by thrusts and back thrusts, forming a triangular zone within the subsurface. The final trend of those structures is northwest–southeast (NW–SE), indicating that the area is part of the compressional regime. The zones interpreted by the study of hydrocarbon potential include Sakessar limestone and Khewra sandstone. Due to the unavailability of a petrophysics log within the desired investigation depths, lithology cross-plots were used for the identification of two potential hydrocarbon-bearing zones in one well at depths of 3740–3835 m (zone 1) and 4015–4100 m (zone 2). The results show that zone 2 is almost devoid of hydrocarbons, while zone 1 has an average hydrocarbon saturation of about 11%.

Detecting Abandoned Air-Raid Shelter Using The S-Wave Seismic Reflection Method

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichiro Ito ◽  
Takao Aizawa ◽  
Fumio Nakada ◽  
Ryosuke Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method
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