Statistical determination of geophysical well log response functions

Geophysics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1525-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Response Function ◽  
System Response ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Induction Logging ◽  
Conductivity Profile ◽  
Statistical Determination ◽  
The One

The vertical response function of induction logging tools is shown to be derivable from a power spectrum analysis of the measurement. The vertical response function is the one‐dimensional sequence of weights that characterizes how the tool combines the rock conductivities along the borehole to form an output called the apparent conductivity; it is the system impulse response. The value of knowing this function lies in the possible use of filter theory to aid in data processing and interpretation. Two general notions establish the framework for the analysis. The first is that logging is a linear, convolutional operation. Second, the earth’s conductivity profile forms a stochastic process. The probabilistic component is fleshed out by reasonably based assumptions about the occurrence of bed boundaries and nature of conductivity changes across them. Brought together, these tenets create a characterization of the conductivity sequence that is not a stationary process, but rather is intrinsic, as defined in the discipline of geostatistics. Such a process is described by a variogram, and it is increments of the process that are stationary. The connection between the power spectrum of the measurement and the system response function is made when the convolutional model is merged with the conductivity process. Some examples of induction log functions are shown using these ideas. The analysis is presented in general terms for possibly wider application.

scholarly journals Weighing in motion and characterization of the railroad traffic with using the B-WIM technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-506
Author(s):  
J. A. DE CARVALHO NETO ◽  
L. A. C. M. VELOSO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe knowledge on the active moving load of a bridge is crucial for the achievement of the information on the behavior of the structure, and thus foresee maintenance, repairs and better definition of the logistics of its active vehicles. This paper presents the development of the algorithms for the application of the Bridge-Weigh In Motion (B-WIM) method created by Moses for the weighing of trains during motion and also for the characterization of the rail traffic, allowing the obtainment of information like passage's train velocity and number and spacing of axles, eliminating the dynamic effect. There were implemented algorithms for the determination of the data referring to the geometry of the train and its loads, which were evaluated using a theoretical example, in which it was simulated the passage of the train over a bridge and the loads of its axles were determined with one hundred percent of precision. In addition, it was made a numerical example in finite elements of a reinforced concrete viaduct from the Carajás' Railroad, in which the developed system reached great results on the characterization and weighing of the locomotive when the constitutive equation of the Brazilian Standards was substituted by the one proposed by Collins and Mitchell.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Canberra BE5030 Broad Energy High Purity Germanium Detector by means of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Efstathia Georgali ◽  
... Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Hpge Detectors ◽  
Radioactivity Monitoring ◽  
The One ◽  
Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Coincidence Summing ◽  
Broad Energy

The accurate determination of the efficiency of HPGe detectors is a challenging procedure due to possible self-attenuation phenomenaand/or coincidence summing effects. Both of these phenomena become important when close detection geometries and extended samples are considered. To deal with these features the simulation of HPGe detectors is used so as to calculate the corresponding correction factors, especially for those cases where low energy γ-ray are considered. Through the present work the Canberra BE5030 Broad Energy HPGe detector of the Enviromental Radioactivity Monitoring Department of Greek Atomic Energy Comission was simulated through the GEANT4 toolkit. Experimental efficiency and counting rate data were compared with the simulation results for different geometries of the detector so as to idetify the one for which the experimental data are better reproduced.

Diagrams and the Concept of Logical System

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Barwise ◽  
Eric Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Logical System ◽  
General Terms ◽  
System P ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
The One

In attempting to analyze the notion of a logical system, there are various approaches that could be taken. One would be to look at the things people have called logical systems and try to develop a natural framework which would encompass most or many of these, and then explore the consequences of the framework, seeing what else falls under the framework and what the consequences of the general notion happen to be. This was basically the approach taken, for example, in Barwise [1974], one of the early attempts to develop such a framework. This approach has much to recommend it, but it also has at least two serious drawbacks. It is too dependent on accidents of history, that is, on what particular systems of logic people happened to have developed. There is at least the theoretical possibility that biases of precedent and fashion have played a significant role in the way things have gone. If so, the abstraction away from practice has the danger of codifying these historicallycontingent biases, making them appear like necessary features of a logical system. The flip side of this problem is that there may well be some unnatural logical systems which contort the framework. But how else could one proceed in an attempt to get a principled notion of logical system? Another approach, the one we take here, is to look at the existing logical systems that people happened to have developed and to try to see what they were up to in more general terms. Our hope is to find some interesting natural phenomenon lurking behind these systems, a “natural kind,” if you will. If there is such a natural phenomenon, it could be used to guide the formulation of an abstract notion of logical system. If a characterization of logical systems could be found using this approach, it would have potentially two significant advantages over the more orthodox approach. First, it would provide a basis from which one could give a principled critique of existing systems claimed to be logical systems. Second, though, it would point out gaps, that is, logical systems which have yet to be developed.

scholarly journals Effects and Characterization of Some Topical Ointments Based on Vegetal Extracts on Incision, Excision, and Thermal Wound Models

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5356
Author(s):  
Calin Vasile Andritoiu ◽  
Corina Elena Andriescu ◽  
Constanta Ibanescu ◽  
Cristina Lungu ◽  
Bianca Ivanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Ointment Base ◽  
The One

The present paper aims to formulate and characterize four phytotherapeutic ointments based on Hippophae fructus, Calendulae flos, Bardanae folium, and Millefolii herba, which are included in a novel ointment base. In order to investigate the healing properties of the ointments, in vivo experimental wound models of linear incision, circular excision, and thermal burn were performed on Wistar rats. Topical treatment was performed daily for 21 days. Determination of the wound contraction rate (WCR), the period of reepithelization, and histopathological examination were achieved. Additionally, for the tested ointments, oscillatory and rotational rheological tests were carried out, and for the extracts, HPLC analysis was performed. The results demonstrate that the tested novel ointments are safe for use and the most effective ointment proved to be the one based on Arctium lappa, followed by that of Calendulae flos.

Statistical Determination of Data Requirements for Assessment of Lake Restoration Programs

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Morton Trautmann ◽  
Charles E. McCulloch ◽  
Ray T. Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Restoration ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Determination ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Data Requirements

To test the effectiveness of lake restoration programs, monitoring must be carried out both before and after any change is made. Statistical techniques are presented for calculation of these sampling requirements both for individual lakes and for groups of lakes analyzed collectively. Illustration of these techniques is made using data on productivity of New York State's Finger Lakes before and after the state ban on phosphate detergents. Existing pre-ban data on mean summer phytoplankton standing crop are shown to be insufficient for conclusive evidence of a post-ban productivity change in individual lakes no matter how many years of post-ban data could be obtained. When the lakes are analyzed as a group rather than individually, however, the conclusion is reached that there is a probability of only 0.7% that a chlorophyll drop at least as large as the one observed would have occurred without the effect of the phosphate detergent ban. Use of power calculations before sampling is begun will help to maximize the efficiency of data collection efforts in lake restoration programs.Key words: lake sampling design, statistical analysis, summer chlorophyll, data requirements, lake restoration, eutrophication

scholarly journals HYDRODYNAMIC AND HYDRODISPERSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF A FLUVIC CAMBISOL IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
ALBEDSON MIRANDA PALÁCIO FILHO ◽  
ANDRÉ MACIEL NETTO ◽  
MARCUS METRI CORRÊA ◽  
FERNANDO CARTAXO ROLIM NETO ◽  
LÍVIA PREVIATELLO DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Tracer ◽  
Convective Process ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT The determination of the hydraulic and hydrodispersive properties of soil is necessary for the understanding of water dynamics and soil solute transport, and they are used as input data in several models. Determinations of soil hydraulic and hydrodispersive parameters are usually obtained by separate methodologies. Axisymmetric infiltration tests using a single ring infiltrometer with a conservative tracer (KBr) in the field (Beerkan-Solute) lead to the determination of the most realistic hydraulic and hydrodispersive properties of the study area. The objective of this work was the hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive characterization of an irrigated soil, classified as Fluvic Cambisol, from the lowland areas of the northeastern semi-arid region, located in the backwoods of the state of Pernambuco, in the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE. The hydrodispersive parameters were determined with the CXTFIT 2.0 program, using the CDE and MIM models. The studied soil presented hydrodynamic characteristics with high values of sorptivity (S) that were associated with high values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), indicating that the soil has good permeability and resistance to surface crumbling caused by rain drops or soil management. It was observed the predominance of the convective process, being the CDE model the one that presented the best performance in the transport of the KBr tracer under field conditions, indicating the absence of two water regions mobile and immobile in the studied soil.

Dynamical Characterization of Electroless Deposition in the Diffusion-Limited Regime

Fractals ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Argoul ◽  
A. Arneodo ◽  
J. Elezgaray ◽  
A. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
The One

Electroless deposition of metallic aggregates in thin gap geometry has recently been recognized as a good candidate for producing DLA-like morphology. In the continuation of these studies, which were mainly focused on the fractal geometry of the growing aggregate, we address the issue of characterizing the interfacial dynamics via some local measurement of the growth velocity during an electroless deposition process. Direct computations of the harmonic measures of DLA and electroless clusters are compared with experimental estimations of the local growth velocity of these same clusters. This test is shown to be more relevant than the computation of statistical quantities like the generalized fractal dimensions Dq and the f(α) singularity spectrum, as advocated by the multifractal formalism. On the one hand, it does not require working with clusters of very large size. On the other, it provides a direct comparison of the theoretical and experimental local distributions of the growth velocity along the interface of the growing cluster. This experimental approach is therefore adapted to a real time determination of the regime during which the growth process can be reasonably approximated by a purely diffusion-limited process.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

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