scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid in Synovial Fluid

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils W. Rydell ◽  
Judson Butler ◽  
Endre A. Balazs
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid

scholarly journals The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Cartilage Boundary Lubrication

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Lin ◽  
Zhang Liu ◽  
Nir Kampf ◽  
Jacob Klein
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Boundary Lubricant ◽  
Lipid Layers

Hydration lubrication has emerged as a new paradigm for lubrication in aqueous and biological media, accounting especially for the extremely low friction (friction coefficients down to 0.001) of articular cartilage lubrication in joints. Among the ensemble of molecules acting in the joint, phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids have been proposed as the key molecules forming, in a complex with other molecules including hyaluronic acid (HA), a robust layer on the outer surface of the cartilage. HA, ubiquitous in synovial joints, is not in itself a good boundary lubricant, but binds the PC lipids at the cartilage surface; these, in turn, massively reduce the friction via hydration lubrication at their exposed, highly hydrated phosphocholine headgroups. An important unresolved issue in this scenario is why the free HA molecules in the synovial fluid do not suppress the lubricity by adsorbing simultaneously to the opposing lipid layers, i.e., forming an adhesive, dissipative bridge between them, as they slide past each other during joint articulation. To address this question, we directly examined the friction between two hydrogenated soy PC (HSPC) lipid layers (in the form of liposomes) immersed in HA solution or two palmitoyl–oleoyl PC (POPC) lipid layers across HA–POPC solution using a surface force balance (SFB). The results show, clearly and surprisingly, that HA addition does not affect the outstanding lubrication provided by the PC lipid layers. A possible mechanism indicated by our data that may account for this is that multiple lipid layers form on each cartilage surface, so that the slip plane may move from the midplane between the opposing surfaces, which is bridged by the HA, to an HA-free interface within a multilayer, where hydration lubrication is freely active. Another possibility suggested by our model experiments is that lipids in synovial fluid may complex with HA, thereby inhibiting the HA molecules from adhering to the lipids on the cartilage surfaces.

Concentration of Hyaluronic Acid in Synovial Fluid

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Decker ◽  
Warren F McGuckin ◽  
Bernard F McKenzie ◽  
Charles H Slocumb
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Uronic Acids

Abstract 1. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid was determined by a modification of the Dische carbazole method for the determination of uronic acids. 2. The results of this determination in 80 specimens of normal and abnormal synovial fluid confirmed values reported by other methods. 3. An inverse relationship between the hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid and the degree of synovitis was suggested.

Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Synovial Fluids Exhibit New and Distinct Tribological Endotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Feeney ◽  
Devis Galesso ◽  
Cynthia Secchieri ◽  
Francesca Oliviero ◽  
Roberta Ramonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Synovial Fluids ◽  
Erratic Behavior ◽  
Lubricating Properties

Abstract Inferior synovial lubrication is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovial fluid (SF) lubrication and composition are variable among OA patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation is a widely used therapy for improving SF viscoelasticity and lubrication, but it is unclear how the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements varies with arthritic endotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the HA viscosupplement, Hymovis®, on the lubricating properties of diseased SF from patients with noninflammatory OA and inflammatory arthritis (IA). The composition (cytokine, HA, and lubricin concentrations) of the SF was measured as well as the mechanical properties (rheology, tribology) of the SF alone and in a 1:1 mixture with the HA viscosupplement. Using rotational rheometry, no difference in SF viscosity was detected between disease types, and the addition of HA significantly increased all fluids' viscosities. In noninflammatory OA SF, friction coefficients followed a typical Stribeck pattern, and their magnitude was decreased by the addition of HA. While some of the IA SF also showed typical Stribeck behavior, a subset showed more erratic behavior with highly variable and larger friction coefficients. Interestingly, this aberrant behavior was not eliminated by the addition of HA, and it was associated with low concentrations of lubricin. Aberrant SF exhibited significantly lower effective viscosities compared to noninflammatory OA and IA SF with typical tribological behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that different endotypes of arthritis exist with respect to lubrication, which may impact the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements in reducing friction.

Paper 7: Properties of Synovial Fluid

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Weissenberg Rheogoniometer ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Joint Lubrication ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Joints

Synovial fluid functions both as a lubricant and as a nutritive medium in joints. Its chemical composition suggests that it is a dialysate of blood plasma with the addition of the mucosubstance, hyaluronic acid. In addition the fluid contains a small cellular component. The quantities of some of the chemical components are apparently anomalous and need explanation. The hyaluronic acid, probably combined with a small amount of protein, is believed to be secreted by the cells lining the joint cavity, the synovial cells. The volume and naked eye appearance of the fluid vary from joint to joint in the same species and in the same joint from species to species. The volume of fluid that can be aspirated from normal human joints is too small for most chemical and physical investigations and recourse must be made to fluids from the larger domestic animals and to pathological human fluids. The most characteristic property of the fluid is its viscosity. This has been investigated using the Weissenberg rheogoniometer. This allows of a study of the viscosity and elasticity of the fluids at different shear rates. Results on fluid from both normal animal joints and pathological human joints will be presented. Their relevance in joint lubrication will be discussed.

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