scholarly journals Insulin resistance, selfish brain, and selfish immune system: an evolutionarily positively selected program used in chronic inflammatory diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer H Straub
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals The Central Role of the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Marcantonio Ferreira ◽  
Angélica Thomaz Vieira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo ◽  
Fernando A. Oliveira ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Commensal Microbiota

The commensal microbiota is in constant interaction with the immune system, teaching immune cells to respond to antigens. Studies in mice have demonstrated that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota alters host immune cell homeostasis. Additionally, metagenomic-sequencing analysis has revealed alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and obesity. Perturbations in the microbiota composition result in a deficient immune response and impaired tolerance to commensal microorganisms. Due to altered microbiota composition which is associated to some inflammatory diseases, several strategies, such as the administration of probiotics, diet, and antibiotic usage, have been utilized to prevent or ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss recent evidence showing that the gut microbiota controls immune system function and onset, development, and resolution of some common inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals PECULIARITY of TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF FEMALE GENITALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(8)) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
A.V. Semenyak ◽  
O.A. Andriets ◽  
R.V. Kormush ◽  
T.G. Farmazey
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Female Genital

A clinical and laboratory examinationof 60 women with chronic inflammatory diseases ofthe female genital organs was provided. Pathogenicand conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in thevagina and the cervix, in the immune system probablereduction in lymphocytes, changes in the functionalstate of the reproductive system manifested significantdiminishing estrogen and progesterone were found.We suggested a specific antibiotic therapy on abackground of hormonal therapy - combined oralcontraceptives. Probable efficacy in three monthsis noted, which was showed by normalizationmicroorganisms in the vagina, absence of pathogenicorganisms and complaints of patients.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva ◽  
Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira ◽  
Alberto José da Silva Duarte ◽  
Maria Notomi Sato ◽  
Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lung Health

Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.

scholarly journals Overlaps in the Pathogenesis of Rosacea and Atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Aleksejs Zavorins ◽  
Jūlija Voicehovska ◽  
Jānis Ķīsis ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Face

Abstract Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by transient or persistent erythema, telangiectasia, papules, and pustules that predominantly involve central regions of the face. Recent studies have shown a possible clinical association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Rosacea and atherosclerosis are both known to have alterations in the innate immune system, enhanced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of this review is to delve deep into the pathogenesis of rosacea and atherosclerosis to uncover possible pathogenic overlaps between these chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Role of Beta-Hydroxy Fatty Acids on Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Soydan ◽  
H. S. Dokmetas ◽  
M. Cetin ◽  
A. Koyuncu ◽  
E. Kaptanoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

β-hydroxy fatty acids are a major component of lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccaride. We aimed to investigate the role of freeβ-hydroxy fatty acids on inflammation, as well as to evaluate their effects on cytokine release from human blood cells, and whether they exist in plasma of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases with/without insulin resistance. Peripheral venous blood was incubated withβ-hydroxy lauric andβ-hydroxy myristic acids (each 100 ng, 1μg, 10μg/mL) up to 24 hours. Cytokines were measured from culture media and plasma. Free fatty acids and biochemical parameters were also measured from patients' plasma. Onlyβ-hydroxy lauric acid significantly stimulated interleukin-6 production at 10μg/mL compared to control (533.9±218.1versus438.3±219.6pg/mL,P<.05). However, freeβ-hydroxy lauric and myristic acids were not found in patients' plasma. Therefore, freeβ-hydroxy lauric and myristic acids do not seem to have a role on sterile inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases associated with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The relevance of probiotics in Caesarean-born neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Hanna E Sidjabat ◽  
Alaa Mohammed Ali Alsaggaf ◽  
Akshatha Gopalakrishna ◽  
Evelyn Nadar ◽  
Adam Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

There is growing interest in the use of probiotics in neonates. In particular, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and B. longum have been well studied. Caesarean-section (CS)-born infants often lack Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., which showed increasing evidence in establishing the neonatal immune system. Furthermore, CS increases the difficulties for mothers in initiating and sustaining breastfeeding. Increasing evidence shows CS-born infants are more susceptible to allergy, infections and chronic inflammatory diseases later in life. The number of CS births has increased continuously, now accounting for 35% of all deliveries Australia wide. In this context, probiotics may have a role in establishing a healthy neonatal gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Mechanizmy COVID-19 a układ odpornościowy i jego starzenie

Kosmos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417
Author(s):  
Jacek M. Witkowski ◽  
Ewa Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Old People ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Epidemiological studies concerning the new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 show that elderly and old people are more susceptible to symptomatic, severe course of the disease, and also to death as its consequence. These age groups frequently suffer from associated, aging-related, chronic inflammatory diseases, in the case of COVID-19 described as co-morbidities. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development of acute COVID-19 and of its chronic form called long COVID, as well as the participation of various components of the immune system in the development and course of  this disease in the context of changing properties (aging) of both the innate and adaptive immunity in the elderly. In particular, the role of two key phenomena occurring in the aging immune system and precipitating or at least facilitating the aging-related diseases including COVID-19, namely the immunosenescence and inflammaging, is discussed.

scholarly journals All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure to microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is the essence of the hygiene hypothesis that argues that rising incidence of CIDs may be, at least in part, the result of lifestyle and environmental changes that have made us too “clean” for our own good, so causing changes in our microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup and exposure to environmental triggers, inappropriate increase in intestinal permeability (which may be influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota), a “hyper-belligerent” immune system responsible for the tolerance–immune response balance, and the composition of gut microbiome and its epigenetic influence on the host genomic expression have been identified as three additional elements in causing CIDs. During the past decade, a growing number of publications have focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between gut microbiome and our immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host gut immune system function and ultimately shifting genetic predisposition to clinical outcome. This observation led to a re-visitation of the possible causes of CIDs epidemics, suggesting a key pathogenic role of gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that the zonulin family, a group of proteins modulating gut permeability, is implicated in a variety of CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, and tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets for a variety of CIDs in which the zonulin pathway is implicated in their pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The Post-hunter-gatherer Era Microbes Hypothesis for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Environmental Microbes

This article proposes an extension of the hygiene hypothesis to explain chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and their increase with westernization. Instead of emphasizing microbes that are missing/reduced due to westernization, a hypothesis is proposed that emphasizes the importance of microbes that are relatively novel. Environmental microbes encountered in association with a pre-agricultural lifestyle would presumably be the most coevolved with the human immune system and thus less likely to promote chronic disease. Post-hunter-gatherer era microbes (PHMs) are microbes that are encountered more frequently and/or at higher levels since humans ceased to live as nomadic hunter-gatherers. It is hypothesized that some PHMs, particularly those increasing with westernization, colonize human tissues and dysregulate/suppress the immune system. This hypothesized colonization of PHMs could cause allergy/hypersensitivity reactions leading to physiological stress, attacks on self-tissue, hypersensitivity reactions to similar cross-reacting environmental microbes and other allergens/antigens, greater vulnerability to diverse infections (e.g., COVID-19) and CIDs. Low-level colonization with diverse PHMs could explain high levels of comorbidities among CIDs, allergic responses to self-tissue (auto allergy), allergies to varied microbial taxa and allergen-initiated stress effects. Allergic reactions and the stress they cause might be adaptive by promoting expulsion and avoidance of potentially dangerous microbes. This is consistent with the observation that selective IgE deficiency leads to increased levels of diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media and autoimmune disease. PHMs that could be related to CIDs include microbes in tobacco smoke, increased Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in some situations, and increased exposure to Pseudomonas fluorescens and Yersinia spp. Additionally, fungi that tolerate multiple extreme environments have been found to be more likely to be opportunistic pathogens. This might suggest that microbes associated with human-created novel and extreme environments (e.g., antibiotics, xenobiotics) would have an increased ability to colonize and persist in humans. The PHM hypothesis could help explain contradictory findings on diet, why many chronic inflammatory diseases resemble chronic infections and why stress and xenobiotics are associated with CID incidence and exacerbations. Four foundations and 11 related hypotheses are discussed. Examples discussed include sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, long-term COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease.

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