scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 1801151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bals ◽  
Jeanette Boyd ◽  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Robert Foronjy ◽  
Pieter S. Hiemstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as “electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid” and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact;in vitroand animal studies; and user perspectives.ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals NCCN Task Force Report: Bone Health and Cancer Care

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. S-1-S-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Theriault ◽  
J. Sybil Biermann ◽  
Elizabeth Brown ◽  
Adam Brufsky ◽  
Laurence Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pathologic Fractures ◽  
Education And Care

Higher incidences of osteoporosis and osteopenia are found in cancer patients, particularly in women receiving aromatase inhibitors or with chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure, or in men with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation therapy. Therefore, management of long-term bone health is emerging as an important aspect of comprehensive cancer care. Patients with cancer typically have a number of additional risk factors for osteoporosis that should prompt screening, regardless of patient age or sex. Maintaining bone health requires a broad knowledge base, including understanding underlying bone metabolism and how it is affected by both cancer itself and the drugs used to treat cancer, the effect of chemotherapy-induced menopause on bone health, bone markers and imaging techniques used to assess bone health, therapeutic strategies to maintain bone health, and treatment of bone metastases, including surgery for pathologic fractures. Multiple members of the healthcare team may need to be involved in education and care of the patient. This report summarizes discussion of these and other issues regarding bone health and cancer care from the NCCN Bone Health and Cancer Care Task Force meeting in early 2006. (JNCCN 2006;4(Suppl 2):S1-S24)

Lung function and respiratory symptoms in a randomized smoking cessation trial of electronic cigarettes

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (21) ◽  
pp. 1929-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Cibella ◽  
Davide Campagna ◽  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
Maria Domenica Amaradio ◽  
Massimo Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Phenotype Classification ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Quitting smoking is the most important step smokers can take to improve their health. Nonetheless, there is little information on long-term improvements in lung function and/or respiratory symptoms after smoking cessation. Here we illustrate long-term changes in spirometric indices as well as in respiratory symptoms in smokers invited to quit or reduce their cigarette consumption by switching to electronic cigarettes (ECs). Prospective evaluation of cigarette consumption, spirometry and symptoms was performed in a 1-year randomized controlled trial of smokers receiving EC containing 2.4%, 1.8% or 0% nicotine. Spirometric data are presented on the basis of participants’ pooled continuous smoking phenotype classification (Quitters, Reducers, Failures), whereas respiratory symptoms on the basis of their point prevalence-smoking phenotype. Smoking phenotype classification (Quitters, Reducers, Failures) had no significant effect on spirometric indices (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC) with the exception of FEF25–75%, which significantly (P  =0.034) increased over the time among Quitters; their FEF25–75% (% predicted) improving from (means±S.D.) 85.7±15.6% at baseline (BL) to 100.8±14.6%. High prevalence of cough/phlegm (43.1%) and shortness of breath (SoB; 34.8%) was reported at BL with substantial reduction in their frequency at subsequent follow-up visits. These symptoms virtually disappeared very quickly in both quitters and reducers. Smokers invited to switch to ECs who completely abstained from smoking showed steady progressive improvements in their FEF25–75%. Normalization of peripheral airways function was associated with improvement in respiratory symptoms, adding to the notion that abstaining from smoking can reverse tobacco harm in the lung.

scholarly journals Mit tudunk az e-cigaretta káros hatásairól?

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (45) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773
Author(s):  
László Béla Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public

Abstract: Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. This has created an entirely new public health dilemma. The central issue in the debate is the disease risk imposed by e-cigarettes. It is generally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are unlikely to be as harmful as conventional cigarettes, but there are little data that quantify their relative harms. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that e-cigarettes can have multiple negative effects. Scientific evidence regarding their human acute health effects is limited. The long term effects in humans are unknown, and there is no evidence that e-cigarettes are safer than tobacco in the long term. This review higlights the recent data regarding e-cigarettes toxicity impact on lung and cardiovascular system. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1767–1773.

scholarly journals A cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa egészségre gyakorolt hatása

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Árpád Farkas ◽  
Gábor Tomisa ◽  
Erika Kis ◽  
Alpár Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pertinent Information

Összefoglaló. A dohányzás káros hatásainak vizsgálata hosszú ideje az orvostudomány egyik legintenzívebben kutatott területe. A nagy tudományos érdeklődésnek köszönhetően ma már meggyőző evidenciák állnak rendelkezésre a hagyományos cigaretta használatának számos negatív hatásáról. Ezzel ellentétben a sokkal később bevezetett helyettesítő termékek veszélyeiről lényegesen kevesebbet tudunk. E körbe tartozik a manapság egyre népszerűbb elektromos cigaretta is, amelyre egyre több, egészségügyi kockázatot felmérő munka fókuszál. Ugyanakkor a több évszázados múltra visszatekintő és a világ bizonyos helyein sokáig népszerű vízipipa érdekes esetnek számít, mivel használóinak száma a nyugati világban az utóbbi időben megugrott, de az emberre gyakorolt hatása számos ponton még vita tárgyát képezi. A jelen munka célja, hogy a hazai és a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján feltérképezze a hagyományos cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa fontosabb egészségügyi hatásait, és rámutasson azokra a kapcsolódó területekre, ahol további kutatások szükségesek. A szakirodalmi áttekintés során a különböző publikációs adatbázisokban fellelhető tudományos cikkeket elemeztük. A megvizsgált szakirodalom alapján a tartós dohányzásnak bizonyítottan a szív-ér rendszert és a légzőrendszert károsító hatása van, de növekvő számú bizonyíték utal a neurológiai káros hatásokra és a gasztroenterológiai hatásokra is. Ugyanakkor az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a bizonyított akut hatások mellett a hosszú távú hatásokat illetően további intenzív kutatásokra van szükség. Az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a hosszú távú hatások kapcsán a meggyőző evidencia hiánya semmiképpen nem jelenti azt, hogy ezen termékeket kockázatmentesnek kellene tekinteni, sőt a pulmonológusoknak és a döntéshozóknak mindent meg kell tenniük annak érdekében, hogy valamennyi dohánytermék törvényi szabályozása azok használatának visszaszorítását célozza. A kérdés fontosságának a COVID–19-pandémia különös aktualitást ad. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90. Summary. Revealing the health effects associated with smoking has been in the focus of intense research for decades. Due to these research efforts, there is a convincing evidence regarding the negative effects of conventional cigarettes. However, much less is known about the replacement products such as electronic cigarettes. Moreover, the effects of waterpipes are also not fully explored, in spite of their long history. The scope of the present work is to survey the open literature to map the knowledge related to the health effects of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes. The analysis of the related scientific literature was performed based on papers retrieved in large publication repositories. Based on the reviewed literature, long-term smoking has demonstrated adverse effects on the respiratory as well as the heart and circulatory systems. In addition, the correlation between cigarette smoking and some gastroenterological and neurological diseases is also increasingly evident. By the same token, though the acute effects of e-cigarette and waterpipe are well documented, the protracted effects are still to be explored. The lack of pertinent information regarding the late effects of e-cigarette and hookah does not imply that there is no health risk associated with their consumption. On the contrary, in addition to the regular antismoke measures, pulmonologists and policy makers should do everything to lower the consumption of these alternative products. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90.

scholarly journals Are E-Cigarette Flavors Associated with Exposure to Nicotine and Toxicants? Findings from Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Smith ◽  
Liane M. Schneller ◽  
Richard J. O’Connor ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Population Assessment

Increasing adoption of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has led to numerous concerns about health effects resulting from long-term use [...]

Efficacy of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kelly Orr ◽  
Nicole J. Asal
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Study Selection

Objective: To review data demonstrating effective smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed (1946-March 2014) was performed using the search terms e-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and smoking cessation. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language clinical studies assessing efficacy of e-cigarettes compared with baseline, placebo, or other pharmacological methods to aid in withdrawal symptoms, smoking reduction, or cessation were evaluated. Data Synthesis: A total of 6 clinical studies were included in the review. In small studies, e-cigarettes significantly decreased desire to smoke, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and adverse effects were variable. The most common adverse effects were nausea, headache, cough, and mouth/throat irritation. Compared with nicotine patches, e-cigarettes were associated with fewer adverse effects and higher adherence. Most studies showed a significant decrease in cigarette use acutely; however, long-term cessation was not sustained at 6 months. Conclusions: There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation; however, there may be a place in therapy to help modify smoking habits or reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. Studies available provided different administration patterns such as use while smoking, instead of smoking, or as needed. Short-term studies reviewed were small and did not necessarily evaluate cessation with a focus on parameters associated with cessation withdrawal symptoms. Though long-term safety is unknown, concerns regarding increased poisoning exposures among adults in comparison with cigarettes are alarming.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732094199
Author(s):  
Maryam Kavousi ◽  
Charlotta Pisinger ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthelemy ◽  
Delphine De Smedt ◽  
Konstantinos Koskinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
European Association ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
The Impact

Background Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless. Discussion The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator’s regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence. Conclusion This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.

16th International congress on antiphospholipid antibodies task force report on clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110203
Author(s):  
Savino Sciascia ◽  
Massimo Radin ◽  
Irene Cecchi ◽  
Roger A Levy ◽  
Doruk Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Task Force Report

The objectives of the 16th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (aPL) Task Force on Clinical Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) were to critically analyze: a) the definition of “APS”; b) the current knowledge on non-traditional manifestations associated with aPL; and c) the risk stratification strategies in aPL-positive patients. The quality of evidence was assessed by the GRADE system. The task force concluded that: a) APS does not have a uniform definition given the heterogeneity of the clinical presentations and different aPL profiles; b) current literature supports the role for aPL testing in cases of thrombocytopenia and recurrent cardiac events but are limited by vast heterogeneity, providing an overall low-to-very low level of evidence; and c) risk stratification strategies in aPL-positive patients, such as aPL-Score and Global APS Score, can be useful in clinical practice. International multicenter studies are still highly needed to improve the quality of available evidence and consequently the strength of future recommendations.

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