scholarly journals HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN. XV. SITES OF PHOSPHORYLASE AND AMYLO-1,6-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD A. ELLIS ◽  
WILLIAM MONTAGNA
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

The localization of phosphorylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity has been studied in surgical specimens of human skin from the palm, sole, axilla, external auditory meatus, and other representative regions of the body. With few exceptions these enzymes are found in cells which are known to contain glycogen normally. The epidermis shows some variability, but amylo-1,6-glucosidase is generally present in the stratum spinosum, while phosphorylase is found in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum. The relative amounts of the enzymes vary with the thickness of the epidermis and with the age of the donor. Growing hair follicles have abundant phosporylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in their outer root sheaths, while resting ones contain only phosphorylase. A short portion of the epidermal duct of the eccrine sweat glands has no enzymatic activity, but the remainder of the duct and the secretory portion of the gland is richer in phosphorylase than any other structure of the skin. The apocrine sweat glands have neither enzyme in their secretory coils, but the duct of these glands is rich in phosphorylase. Time sebaceous glands contain both enzymes, but phosphorylase is more concentrated in the peripheral cells of the gland. Neither the centers of the glands nor the sebum contain either enzyme.

scholarly journals A Morphological and Histological Investigation of the Sinus Interdigitalis in Konya Merino Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1509-1513
Author(s):  
Zekeriya Özüdoğru ◽  
Ramazan İlgün ◽  
Derviş Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Neck Part

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.

Comparative Study on Distribution of Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in Skin of Different Domestic Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Raghav ◽  
Varinder Uppal ◽  
Anuradha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Paraffin Block ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for 15-20% of the total body weight and acts as a barrier between the external and internal environment and maintain homeostasis.The sweat and sebaceous glands in dermis of skin play vital role in developing the adaptive ability to the heat stress. Besides this, the distribution pattern and number of these glands vary in different animals that may aid in identification of different species.Methods: The study was conducted on abdominal skin of 36 adult cattle, buffalo, horse, goat, pig and dog (six sample of each) collected from abattoir, Veterinary clinics and post-mortem hall of GADVASU, Ludhiana. After collection, the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for paraffin block preparation. The paraffin sections of 5-6 µm were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Result: The study revealed that the sebaceous glands were multilobular, alveolar glands comprised of several layers of epithelial cells and were associated with hair follicles in all species studied. The number of sebaceous glands/mm2 was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in goat (1.60± 0.11) than in pig (0.44±0.06) whereas sebaceous gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in buffalo (109.83±6.14 µm) than in goat (61.16 ±2.42 µm).The sweat glands were of saccular and simple coiled tubular type and most of them were associated with hair follicles. The number of sweat glands/mm2 was the highest in horse (3.10 ± 0.24) and the least in buffalo (0.76 ±0.05). Sweat gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) maximum in buffalo (123±3.15 µm) and minimum in goat (50.33 ±2.85 µm) and the difference.

Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Choudhry ◽  
M. B. Hodgins ◽  
T. H. Van der Kwast ◽  
A. O. Brinkmann ◽  
W. J. A. Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papillae

ABSTRACT A mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of human androgen receptor (AR) was used to identify receptors by immunoperoxidase staining in frozen serial sections of skin from scalp, face, limb and genitalia of men and women aged 30–80 years. AR staining was restricted to cell nuclei. In sebaceous glands, AR were identified in basal and differentiating sebocytes. The percentage of receptor-positive basal sebocyte nuclei in the temple/forehead region was greater in males (65%) than in females (29%). AR staining was restricted to the cells of dermal papillae in anagen and telogen hair follicles. The percentage of dermal papillae containing AR was greater in males (58%) than in females (20%). The number of positively stained dermal papillae was lowest in female scalp skin. In 163 hair follicles sectioned, AR were absent from germinative matrix, outer root sheath (including the bulge region), inner root sheath, hair shaft and hair bulb, and from the capillaries present in some large dermal papillae. AR were present in pilosebaceous duct keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilosebaceous duct keratinization. AR were also identified in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts although, in both cell types, intensity and frequency of staining were greatest in genital skin. AR were identified in luminal epithelial cells of apocrine glands in genital skin and in certain cells of the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands in all body sites. This study indicates that androgens regulate sebaceous gland and hair growth by acting upon two different types of target cells, the epithelial sebocytes of sebaceous glands and the mesenchymal cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla. AR staining in either cell type was not influenced by age in adults. The distribution of AR in human skin is consistent with the diverse effects of androgens on the structure and function of skin and its appendages. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 467–475

DISTRIBUTION OF ANDROGEN METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN ISOLATED TISSUES OF HUMAN FOREHEAD AND AXILLARY SKIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. HAY ◽  
M. B. HODGINS
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Androgen Metabolism ◽  
Isolated Tissues

The distribution of androgen metabolism in human skin was studied using tissues isolated either by direct dissection of axillary skin or by dissection of collagenase-digested forehead and axillary skin. All tissues (epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and dermis) were found to contain 17β-, 3β- and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Δ4–5 isomerase (Δ5-3β-HSD) activity and 5α-reductase activity. All tissues converted testosterone into 5α-dihydrotestosterone. In confirmation of previous histochemical studies, over 90% of the Δ5-3β-HSD of forehead skin was found in the sebaceous glands. In forehead skin, 40–66% of the 5α-reductase activity was in the sebaceous glands, while in axillary skin 50–70% was in the sweat glands, especially the apocrine glands. There was a more even distribution of 17β-HSD activity in skin tissues than histochemical studies have indicated previously. Knowledge of the distribution of these enzymes has helped in the understanding of the function of androgen metabolism in skin.

scholarly journals Histological changes in human skin 32 days after death and the potential forensic significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Wei ◽  
Qi Michu ◽  
Dong Wenjuan ◽  
Wen Jianrong ◽  
Han Zhibing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
D 20 ◽  
D 12

Abstract To observe the histological changes in human skin within 32 days after death to explore its potential significance in forensic practice. The intact full-thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue from the sternum of eight corpses were placed in an environment of 4–6 °C for 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, 84 h, 96 h, 6 d, 8 d, 10 d, 12 d, 16 d, 20 d, 24 d, 28 d, and 32 d. Then, the whole layer of the skin was stained with haematoxylin & eosin. The histological morphology of the epidermis, dermis and appendages (sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands) was observed under an light microscope. The epithelial nucleus condensed at 24 h after death, and cell lysis was exhausted after 20 days. The post-mortem changes in the dermis occurred later than that of the epidermis (72 h), but after epidermal changes started, the change was more rapid. At 16 d, the layers had become homogenized. The epidermis and dermis had completely separated 24 d after death. The changes in the sweat glands appeared earlier (24 h) and disappeared later (32 days); the sebaceous glands and hair follicles began to undergo degenerative changes at 96 h after death, and at approximately 20 d, only their contour remained. There were individual and structural differences in the post-mortem histological changes in the skin. At 4–6 °C ambient temperature, some structures of the human skin still exist for a long time after death, and these structures can be used to identify the source of the tissue; post-mortem histological changes in the skin occur at specific times, which can be used to help infer the time of death. A comprehensive observation of changes in the skin composition/structure is required to comprehensively analyse possible death times.

Distribution and comparative anatomy of cutaneous glands in certain Marsupials.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
LMA Green
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Large Compound ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

An account is given of the histological structure of the cutaneous glands of the four species of marsupials, Trichosurus vulpecula, Dromicia concinna, Isoodon obesulus, and Sminthopsis crassicaudata. The types of glands described comprise the eccrine sweat glands of non-hairy skin and the apocrine sweat and sebaceous glands usually associated with hairs. Also included in the survey are the more specialized glands of the sternal and interscapular regions as well as the apocrine and sebaceous glands present in the skin lining the marsupium. The histology of the nipples is also given but, as the mammary glands of marsupials are regarded as being similar to those of other mammals, no account of them has been presented. The glands of Harder and, in marsupials, the less frequently occuring lacrimal gland are described with other glands of the ocular region. The cerumen-producing glands of the external auditory meatus include apocrine tubules and large compound sebaceous glands; the histology of both types is given. The less well-known glands of the cloacal region are described in some detail. These glands comprise two main varieties: a holocrine sebaceous type (which produces an oily secretion) and another structure, somewhat similar histologically, which liberates cells into the glandular lumen.

Skin structure of Egyptian buffaloes and cattle with particular reference to sweat glands

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
A. L. Badreldin ◽  
M. M. Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dermal Papillae

The structure, distribution and dimensions of skin strata and sweat glands have been investigated in Egyptian buffaloes and cattle. Samples from sixteen body regions were taken from three adult bulls of both species. Identical studies were also made on one buffalo calf and two buffalo embryos. Serial vertical and horizontal sections were cut from each body region using the ‘terpineol paraffin wax’ method. The following results were obtained.1. Buffalo skin is characterized by dermal papillae enclosing papillomatous epidermis. The fibrous structure of the dermis is similar in both species. In buffaloes, the average thickness of skin, main epidermis, papillomatous epidermis, and cornium is 6·5 mm., 50, 115, and 11μ respectively. The epidermis coefficient is 12 for the main epidermis and 18 for the papillomatous epidermis. In cattle, the average thickness of skin, epidermis and cornium layer is 4·3 mm., 51 and 5 μ respectively, while the epidermis coefficient is 8.2. The average number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. Each hair follicle is accompanied by two large lobulated sebaceous glands in the buffalo, and one small bilobed gland in cattle.3. There is no species difference in the histology of the sweat glands. Each hair follicle is accompanied by one sweat gland in both species. In the buffalo, the body of the sweat gland is oval and convoluted, while the duct is twisted at its attachment to the body. In cattle, the body of the gland is elongated while the duct is straight. The number of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. The dimensions of the sweat glands are larger in buffaloes than in cattle. The length, circumference and sweating surface of the gland is 0·58, 0·47, and 0·276 sq.mm. in the buffalo, and 0·47, 0·26, and 0·124 sq.mm. in cattle respectively. The glandular surface of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 1·07 sq.cm. in the buffalo and 3·08 sq.cm. in cattle.4. The type of sweat gland secretion is apocrine in both species. In the buffalo, successive stages of apocrine secretion are observed, and the merocrinelike form is rare. In cattle, the merocrine-like form prevails and the other stages are very rare. The theory (Findlay & Yang, 1950) of intraluminal transformation, of secretory products from coarse granularity to fluid homogeneity is supported. The effect of locality on the type of sweating activity is stressed.5. There are species differences in the distribution of blood vessels and capillaries. In the subepidermal level, the arterial branches are more frequent and superficial in buffaloes than in cattle. Capillaries are found in the dermal papillae of buffalo skin. The capillary loops encircling the hair follicle are more frequent in cattle than in buffaloes. The blood capillaries supplying the sebaceous glands are more numerous in the buffalo than in cattle. The blood supply of sweat glands is poor in both species.6. There are age differences in the skin histology. The number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin in a 5-months-old embryo, calf at birth, and adult buffaloes is 10560, 1248 and 400 respectively. There are no skin glands in the 1-month and 5-months-old embryos. The sweat gland in the calf is small in size and similar in structure to that of the adult. Calves have fewer sweat glands than adults.7. The body conformation and the degree of pigmentation are affected by species, breed and locality.8. The secreting activity of the sweat glands may be affected by the locality.9. It seems that there are species differences in the mechanism of heat convection and radiation, insensible perspiration and sensible perspiration, due to histological differences.

Differential antigen expression between human eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles/pilosebaceous units

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Cao ◽  
Liyun Chen ◽  
Haihong Li ◽  
Zairong Wei ◽  
Sitian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat
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