scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies against species-specific antigens in the chick central nervous system: putative application as transplantation markers in the chick-quail chimera.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Takagi ◽  
T Tsuji ◽  
M Kinutani ◽  
H Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Tissues ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Large Neurons

With the recent progress in transplantation of neuronal tissues, cellular markers are needed to distinguish the grafted cells from the host. To generate monoclonal antibodies (MAb) recognizing species-specific antigens in the chick nervous system, we immunized mice with chick optic nerves and obtained 2 MAb which bind to chick but not to quail neural tissues. MAb-39B11 recognizes the cell surface antigen on the nerve fibers. MAb-37F5 recognizes the cytoplasmic components in several cell types, including ependymal cells and some large neurons. The utility of these MAb as markers for chick cells in the chick-quail chimeric brain and their advantages over conventional markers are discussed.

Monoclonal Antibodies That Label Discrete Cell Types in the Mammalian Nervous System

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (0) ◽  
pp. 863-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Barnstable ◽  
K. Akagawa ◽  
R. Hofstein ◽  
J.P. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Types

Clinical relevance of the neurotrophins and their receptors

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley J. Allen ◽  
David Dawbarn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Neuronal Tissues

The neurotrophins are growth factors required by discrete neuronal cell types for survival and maintenance, with a broad range of activities in the central and peripheral nervous system in the developing and adult mammal. This review examines their role in diverse disease states, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, pain and asthma. In addition, the role of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in synaptic plasticity and memory formation is discussed. Unlike the other neurotrophins, BDNF is secreted in an activity-dependent manner that allows the highly controlled release required for synaptic regulation. Evidence is discussed which shows that sequestration of NGF (nerve growth factor) is able to reverse symptoms of inflammatory pain and asthma in animal models. Both pain and asthma show an underlying pathophysiology linked to increases in endogenous NGF and subsequent NGF-dependent increase in BDNF. Conversely, in Alzheimer's disease, there is a role for NGF in the treatment of the disease and a recent clinical trial has shown benefit from its exogenous application. In addition, reductions in BDNF, and changes in the processing and usage of NGF, are evident and it is possible that both NGF and BDNF play a part in the aetiology of the disease process. This highly selective choice of functions and disease states related to neurotrophin function, although in no way comprehensive, illustrates the importance of the neurotrophins in the brain, the peripheral nervous system and in non-neuronal tissues. Ways in which the neurotrophins, their receptors or agonists/antagonists may act therapeutically are discussed.

Monoclonal antibodies to isolate-, species-, and genus-specific components on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hardham ◽  
E. Suzaki ◽  
J. L. Perkin
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised to components on the surface of glutaraldehyde-fixed zoospores and cysts of an isolate of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi. Hybridoma supernatants were screened using an immunofluorescence assay, and of 35 cell lines producing antibodies that reacted with the P. cinnamomi cells, 10 have been selected and their specificities examined in detail. The monoclonal antibodies were found to possess a valuable spectrum of taxonomic specificities, and have revealed, for the first time, the presence of isolate-specific antigens on the surface of P. cinnamomi cells. The monoclonal antibodies were tested against six isolates of P. cinnamomi, six species of Phytophthora, and three species of Pythium. In addition to the isolate-specific monoclonal antibodies, species-specific and genus-specific markers which are unambiguous in tests conducted so far have been obtained. The monoclonal antibodies have also revealed the presence of spatially restricted antigens on the surface of the zoospores. Some of these segregated antigens are species-specific and others are more general, occurring in all Phytophthora and Pythium species examined. All of the monoclonal antibodies promise to be of great assistance in investigations of the biology and taxonomy of P. cinnamomi. The methods described should be readily applicable to studies of other fungal pathogens.

Species-specific action and distribution of tachykinin-related peptides in the foregut of the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae and Periplaneta americana.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 1615-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Nässel ◽  
M Eckert ◽  
J E Muren ◽  
H Penzlin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Species Specific

Nine tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) have been isolated from the brain and intestine of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. In the present investigation, two of the nine TRPs, LemTRP 1 and 5, were tested for their ability to stimulate contractions in the foregut of the cockroaches L. maderae and Periplaneta americana in vitro. The two LemTRPs and the related locust peptide locustatachykinin I (LomTK I) induced contractions in the foregut of P. americana in a dose-dependent manner, but had no myostimulatory action in L. maderae. A half-maximal response for the LemTRPs and LomTK I was obtained at 5x10(-9)mol l-1. In both species, the neuropeptide proctolin stimulated foregut contractions. Using an antiserum to LomTK I, we demonstrated that in both species there are LomTK-like-immunoreactive (LomTK-LI) cell bodies and fibers within the ganglia and nerves of the stomatogastric nervous system. However, correlated with the species-specific action of the TRPs, we found efferent LomTK-LI nerve fibers supplying muscle fibers in the foregut of P. americana, but not in L. maderae. In both cockroach species, there is a rich supply of proctolin-immunoreactive fibers to the foregut muscle. Some of the LomTK-LI fibers supplying the P. americana foregut muscle contain co-localized proctolin immunoreactivity. These fibers appear to be derived from a large cell body in the frontal ganglion which also displayed co-localized immunoreactivities. Since TRP-containing neurons are restricted to the nerves and ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system both in P. americana and L. maderae, TRPs may be involved in the control of foregut movements in both species, but in P. americana the control may be more complex with the additional peripherally projecting LomTK-LI neurons.

Immunodissection: use of monoclonal antibodies to isolate specific types of renal cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Smith ◽  
A. Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Specific Antigens

Several laboratories have described antibodies that are directed against cell surface antigens unique to different renal cell types. It can reasonably be assumed that each different type of renal cell possesses one or more unique antigenic determinants. In principle, it should be possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies against these cell-specific antigens and to use the antibodies as immunoaffinity reagents to isolate populations of specific renal cell types. We employed this approach in one instance to isolate canine cortical collecting tubule (CCT) cells. Approximately 10(7) canine CCT cells can be obtained from 5 g of canine renal cortex. This compares with an estimate of 10(3) to 10(4) CCT cells that can be reasonably obtained by microdissection. The availability of relatively large numbers of cells makes it possible to study in greater detail the cellular physiology and biochemistry of tubule-specific processes such as solute and water transport and hormone action. Our experiences in attempting to isolate canine CCT cells and other renal epithelia have indicated that the ideal monoclonal antibody for immunodissection should 1) interact with only one type of renal cell, 2) be directed against a determinant present in relative abundance, 3) be noncytotoxic, and 4) be an immunoglobulin G. Described in this review are some conceptual and practical aspects of the methods that can be used to develop B lymphocyte-myeloma hybrids producing such ideal monoclonal antibodies and to isolate renal cells using cell-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Reactivity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Species-Specific Antigens ofEntamoeba histolytica

1991 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI TACHIBANA ◽  
SEIKI KOBAYASHI ◽  
KOUICHI NAGAKURA ◽  
YOSHIMASA KANEDA ◽  
TSUTOMU TAKEUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Ofentamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Anti-apogens and anti-engulfens: monoclonal antibodies reveal specific antigens on apoptotic and engulfment cells during chicken embryonic development

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Rotello ◽  
P.A. Fernandez ◽  
J. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Common Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms ◽  
Dying Cells

We have isolated a group of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize either apoptotic or engulfment cells in the interdigit areas of chicken hind limb foot plates, and throughout the embryo. Ten of these antibodies (anti-apogens) detect epitopes on dying cells that colocalize to areas of programmed cell death, characterized by the presence of apoptotic cells and bodies with typical cellular and nuclear morphology. Our results indicate that cells destined to die, or that are in the process of dying, express specific antigens that are not detectable in or on the surface of living cells. The detection of these apoptotic cell antigens in other areas of programmed cell death throughout the chick embryo indicates that different cell types, which form specific tissues and organs, may utilize similar cell death mechanisms. Six of the monoclonal antibodies (antiengulfens) define a class of engulfment cells which contain various numbers of apoptotic cells and/or apoptotic bodies in areas of programmed cell death. The immunostaining pattern of the anti-engulfen R15F is similar to that of an antibody against a common leukocyte antigen, suggesting the participation of cells from the immune system in the removal of apoptotic cell debris. These novel monoclonal antibody markers for apoptotic and engulfment cells will provide new tools to assist the further understanding of developmental programmed cell death in vertebrates.

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