scholarly journals Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in developing rat oral mucosa. A comparative study of LDH biochemistry and histochemistry.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Basal Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Cyanide Inhibition ◽  
Ldh Assay ◽  
Developing Rat

Histochemical lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) staining methods seem unable to demonstrate the total LDH activity in tissue sections. An analysis was made of LDH tissue staining methods applied on LDH zymograms. The menadione-mediated LDH staining of tissue sections can not possibly reflect true LDH activity. The addition of cyanide also slightly inhibited LDH activity. The cyanide inhibition was confirmed via LDH assay and found to be competitive in character. It is concluded that cyanide and menadione should be replaced by agents suitable from both a histochemical and a biochemical point of view. Based on the findings of this study the presence of LDH in oral epithelium was analyzed. Evidently LDH of the oral epithelium is basically anaerobic in character and located primarily in spinosum/granulosum layers and only sparsely in the basal layer.

scholarly journals Lactate dehydrogenase in developing rat oral epithelium.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Developing Rat

Freeze-dried sagittal, whole-body sections of 10-day-old rats were incubated for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) using different media in the presence of the inhibitors urea and fluoropyruvate. Phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and menadione, which are regularly used in current histochemical media and are believed to promote the demonstration of LDH activity, were also added and shown to be insufficient for the demonstration of total LDH activity, and PMS even seemed to have an inhibitory effect on LDH activity in oral epithelium. However, cumulated data from the different incubations show that the oral epithelium of developing rats may contain two different types of LDH, one in the basal cells with possibly aerobic characteristics, and another in the spinosum/granulosum cells with anaerobic characteristics.

Vascular Invasion and Herniation by Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quaglia ◽  
Nazanin Etessami ◽  
Rosalind Sim ◽  
John Difford ◽  
A. P. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Prognostic Feature ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—Vascular invasion is an important diagnostic and prognostic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. Intravascular free-floating tumor clusters (IvCs) of HCC are found histologically in the vicinity of HCC. Thrombus formation is not seen morphologically in association with these IvCs, which are usually covered by endothelium. Objective.—Our hypothesis is that these IvCs are the result of a nondestructive form of vascular invasion by HCC, and we tried to define this aspect of microvascular invasion more accurately. Design.—Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and consecutive sections were stained for fibrin (Martius scarlet blue, fibrinogen), platelets (factor XIIIa), smooth muscle actin, and endothelium (CD34). We studied cirrhotic livers removed at transplantation between 1997 and 1999. Of the livers studied, 35 of 81 consecutive cirrhotic livers contained HCC, and 17 showed microscopic vascular invasion. Five of these 17 cases showed IvCs and were subjected to the study. Main Outcome Measure.—Presence or absence of thrombus formation in association with IvC. Results.—Usually, IvCs were covered by endothelium, and no associated thrombus formation was seen. In 1 case of HCC, thrombus formation was seen focally in association with disruption of the endothelial coating. Conclusions.—We propose that the endothelial-lined trabecular structure of HCC everts, frondlike, via vascular structures within the tumor capsule into peritumoral vascular lumens without destruction of the endothelial coating. This may protect these HCC tumor projections from thrombus formation but may also act as a barrier to tumor extravasation, and this may be exploited from a therapeutic point of view.

scholarly journals Effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on rat oral epithelium proliferation

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Santiago Gomez ◽  
Rodrigo Aliprandi Dutra ◽  
Wallison Arthuso Vasconcellos ◽  
Renato Santiago Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Short Course

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of short course topical application of carbamide peroxide on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical expression in the oral tongue mucosa of rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were submitted to topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide on one side of the dorsal tongue once a week for three consecutive weeks. Only distilled water was applied on the control side. The animals were killed on days 0, 10, and 20 after the last application. The tongue was fixed in buffered formalin for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Tissue blocks (3 µm) were subjected to the biotin-streptavidin amplified system for identification of PCNA. The percentage of epithelial-positive basal cells in each side of the tongue mucosa was calculated. The results demonstrated that topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide increases PCNA immunohistochemical expression on the basal layer of the oral mucosa epithelium of rats on day 0 after treatment. In conclusion, short-course use of carbamide peroxide induces transient epithelial cell proliferation of the oral mucosa of rats.

scholarly journals Carbamazepine Transbuccal Delivery: The Histo-Morphological Features of Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium and Buccal Porcine Mucosae in the Transmucosal Permeation

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Campisi ◽  
C. Paderni ◽  
R. Saccone ◽  
M.G. Siragusa ◽  
L. Lo Muzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Tissue Models

Transbuccal drug delivery is an attractive way of administration since several well-known advantages are provided, especially with respect to peroral management. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant which is useful in controlling neuropathic pain, and it is currently administered by peroral route, although its absorption and bioavailability is limited due to various factors. The oral cavity could be an interesting site for transbuccal CBZ delivery due to two properties: slow administration of constant low drug doses and less dose-related side effects. However, in transbuccal absorption a major limitation could be the low permeability of the mucosa which results in low drug bioavailability; thus the aptitude of the drug to penetrate the buccal mucosa has to be assessed by using tissue models resembling human normal mucosa. In our experience, CBZ well permeates mucosal membranes. In order to assess the efficacy of CBZ transbuccal delivery and to verify the reliability of these tissues in permeability testing before and after the passage of CBZ, the histo-morphological features of reconstituted human oral (RHO) epithelium (E) and buccal porcine mucosae were investigated. Significant histological changes due to CBZ passage were observed both in RHO-E and porcine mucosa. The main findings detected in RHO samples were cellular swellings with a signet ring-like appearance, nuclear swelling, prominent nucleoli lined against the nuclear membrane and the presence of keratohyalin granules. The most striking finding regarding porcine buccal mucosa was a cytoplasmic vacuolization, mainly involving the basal layer.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of the posterior lobe hormones and of their carrier proteins.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Vandesande ◽  
K Dierickx ◽  
N Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Double Staining Method ◽  
The One

Serial sections of vertebrate hypothalami were stained with the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In addition to the single staining method, our double staining method was used, which enabled us to visualize two tissue antigens in single tissue sections. In both staining methods, differentially adsorbed antineurohypophysial hormone sera, anti-somatostatin serum and anti-bovine neurophysin sera were used. The results confirm the one hormone, one neuron hypothesis.

scholarly journals Comparison of paired immunofluorescence and paired immunoenzyme staining methods based on primary antisera from the same species.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Valnes ◽  
P Brandtzaeg
Keyword(s):  
Model Systems ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Pap Method ◽  
Blue Reaction ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Unlabeled Antibody ◽  
Sufficient Strength

Evaluation of sequential paired staining with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method showed that the brown reaction product of diaminobenzidine (DAB) concealed both enzyme and antigen-antibody sites in the reagent sequence. The blue reaction product of the alternative substrate, 4-chloro-1-naphthol (CN), exerted no such blocking effect. Hence, to avoid interactions between the two PAP sequences, DAB had to be used for the first and CN for the second antigen. Complete blocking required that the DAB color reaction be of sufficient strength. When two antigens were present in the same cell, the DAB deposits inhibited staining of the second antigen unless the brown color was decreased by progressive dilution of the initial primary antibody. A mixture of brown and blue could thus reflect either concomitant staining of the two antigens or unwanted interactions between the two PAP sequences. Double staining of individual cells was, therefore, equivocal and conclusions had to be based on comparative single staining results in adjacent tissue sections. Tests carried out in several model systems showed that paired direct immunofluorescence with fluorochrome conjugates of contrasting colors (green and red) was much less time-consuming, more reliable, and of higher detection sensitivity for analyses of unbalanced mixtures of two antigens in the same cell.

scholarly journals Transgene expression of steel factor in the basal layer of epidermis promotes survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration of melanocyte precursors

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (15) ◽  
pp. 2915-2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kunisada ◽  
H. Yoshida ◽  
H. Yamazaki ◽  
A. Miyamoto ◽  
H. Hemmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Steel Factor

Mutations at the murine dominant white spotting (KitW) and steel (MgfSl) loci, encoding c-Kit receptor kinase and its ligand respectively, exert developmental defects on hematopoietic cells, melanocytes, germ cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The expression patterns of steel factor (SLF) observed in the skin and gonads suggest that SLF mediates a migratory or a chemotactic signal for c-Kit-expressing stem cells (melanocyte precursors and primordial germ cells). By targeting expression of SLF to epidermal keratinocytes in mice, we observed extended distribution of melanocytes in a number of sites including oral epithelium and footpads where neither melanocytes nor their precursors are normally detected. In addition, enlarged pigmented spots of KitW and other spotting mutant mice were observed in the presence of the SLF transgene. These results provide direct evidence that SLF stimulates migration of melanocytes in vivo. We also present data suggesting that SLF does not simply support survival and proliferation of melanocytes but also promotes differentiation of these cells. Unexpectedly, melanocyte stem cells independent of the c-Kit signal were maintained in the skin of the SLF transgenic mice. After the elimination of c-Kit-dependent melanoblasts by function-blocking anti-c-Kit antibody, these stem cells continued to proliferate and differentiate into mature melanocytes. These melanoblasts are able to migrate to cover most of the epidermis after several months. The SLF transgenic mice described in this report will be useful in the study of melanocyte biology.

Potential therapeutic target for PD1/PDL1 blockade in microsatellite medullary carcinomas based on PDL1 expression by tumor cells and infiltration by numerous PD1+ T lymphocytes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14599-e14599
Author(s):  
Celine Bossard ◽  
Eva Ott ◽  
Delphine Dansette ◽  
Adrien Ouary ◽  
Anne Jarry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

e14599 Background: PD1/PDL1 blockade showed therapeutic efficacy in only microsatellite (MSI) colorectal carcinomas (CRC), however, the profile of PDL1 and PD1 expression in CRC is only partially described. Methods: We thus analyzed on FFPE whole-tissue sections of 80 CRC, the expression profile of PDL1 by tumor and/or immune cells by immunohistochemistry (clone E1L3N) depending on the MSI status and the histological subtype, and correlated to the density of PD1+ and Tbet+ (able to secrete IFNg known to induce PDL1) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Results: 78% of MSI CRC (32/41) overexpressed PDL1 either by tumor or immune cells versus 46% of MSS CRC (18/39) (p 0.005). This overexpression was heterogeneous within the same tumor in most of cases. Among MSI CRC, PDL1 was preferentially overexpressed in medullary carcinomas (MC, 19/21, 90%) compared with 65% (13/20) in non medullary adenocarcinomas (p 0.06). PDL1 expression by tumor cells was only observed in MSI CRC (19/41, 46% with PDL1 expression in more than 5% of tumor cells – score 1), and preferentially in MC (57% vs 5% in no medullary adenocarcinomas, with PDL1 expression in more than 50% of tumor cells – score 3, p 0.0005). Conversely, PDL1 expression by immune cells was observed in MSI CRC (23/41, 56% with PDL1 expression by more than 5 sheets of 50 positive cells) but also in MSS CRC (18/39, 43%) (p 0.5). The density of PD1+ cells was significantly correlated to the PDL1 expression, as well as the density of Tbet+ TIL. Conclusions: PDL1 expression is 1) heterogeneous in CRC, among CRC but also within the same tumor, 2) preferentially observed in MSI CRC (78%), especially in MC (90%), where PDL1 is expressed by tumor cells, 3) correlated with the density of PD1+ or Tbet+ TIL, and 4) observed in a significant proportion of MSS CRC (46%) by immune cells only. From a clinical point of view, PDL1 expression has to be determined at best in full tissue section and besides its preferential expression in MSI CRC, its significant frequency and expression profil (only by immune cells) in MSS CRC should be taken into account in the future clinical trials testing the efficacy of anti-PD1/PDL1 antibodies.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Bovine Abortion and Undulant Fever, from the Bacteriological point of View

1921 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Bovine Abortion

1. Morphologically B. abortus and B. melitensis are identical. The “coccoid” form is not a constant feature and a more satisfactory generic name would be “Brucella.”2. The organisms cannot be differentiated by cultural, bio-chemical, or staining methods, or by the agglutination reaction.3. From absorption experiments, it would appear that B. melitensis is a sub-strain of B. abortus.4. Dose for dose B. abortus is much less virulent for the guinea-pig than B. melitensis, approximately about 1: 6.5. Immunisation of monkeys (one experiment only) with killed suspensions of B. abortus protected against subsequent infection with B. melitensis.In conclusion I wish to thank Professor Ledingham for much valuable advice throughout the investigation, and Dr R. St John Brooks for supplying me with cultures from the National Collection.

THE ACTIVITY OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES DURING THYROXINE-INDUCED TADPOLE METAMORPHOSIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Kim ◽  
A. D'Iorio ◽  
W. K. Paik
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Tadpole Tail ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

A new improved method to quantitate the amount of the isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been devised. The method is sensitive and very reproducible. This method has been employed for studies on LDH isozymes during thyroxine-induced tadpole metamorphosis. Only one isozyme is present in tadpole liver whereas three isozymes are present in tadpole tail and brain. Thyroxine treatment produced a decrease of the total LDH activity of tadpole liver, tail, and brain; however, the relative amount of the isozyme F3 in tail and brain is the only fraction which shows a decrease. The F1 and F2 fractions show an increase in relative amount. Thalidomide has no influence on the isozyme pattern of LDH in thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of the tadpole.

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