scholarly journals Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase distribution in rat kidney.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C N Corder ◽  
J G Collins ◽  
T S Brannan ◽  
J Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Developing Kidney ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Sorbitol Pathway

The sorbitol pathway catalyzes the conversion of glucose to fructose via the intermediate sorbitol. It consists of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). In adult (44 day) kidney zones, AR was highest in the outer medulla. In substructures AR was highest in distal convoluted tubule. The AR was greatest in newborn and 8-day zones of developing rat kidney. Acute alloxan diabetes was associated with decreased AR in small arteries, but not glomeruli. The SDH was lowest in outer medulla. It was most active in glomeruli and distal convoluted tubules. The diabetic state leads to no change of SDH in arteries but an increase in glomeruli. SDH increased with development. This study demonstrates AR and SDH in substructures of the kidney. The pathway is present in developing kidney. In diabetes the enzymatic changes would tend to decrease accumulation of sorbitol.

Expression of aldose reductase in developing rat kidney

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. F481-F491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Young Jung ◽  
Young-Hee Kim ◽  
Jung-Ho Cha ◽  
Ki-Hwan Han ◽  
Moo-Kang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Developing Rat

Newborn rats are not capable of producing concentrated urine. With development of the concentrating system and a hypertonic medullary interstitium, intracellular osmolytes, such as sorbitol, accumulate in the renal medulla. Sorbitol is produced from glucose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR). The purpose of this study was to establish the time of expression and distribution of AR in the developing rat kidney. Kidneys from 16-, 18-, and 20-day-old fetuses and 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups were processed for immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. In adult animals, AR was expressed only in the inner medulla, in which it was localized in ascending thin limbs (ATLs), inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs), and interstitial cells. AR immunoreactivity was not detected in fetal kidneys but was observed in the terminal part of the descending thin limb and IMCD in the renal papilla of 1-day-old pups. At birth, all of the loops of Henle are configured as short loops and there are no ATLs. After birth, papillary thick ascending limbs are gradually transformed into ATLs by a process that involves apoptotic deletion of cells from the thick ascending limb. During this time, AR immunoreactivity appeared in the cells undergoing transformation in the ascending limb, beginning at the papillary tip and ascending to the border between the outer medulla and the inner medulla. However, there was no labeling of apoptotic cells. The expression of AR in both the ATL and the IMCD gradually increased during kidney development. We conclude that AR expression in the inner medulla coincides with the increase in medullary tonicity that is known to occur during the first 3 wk after birth. On the basis of the observation that only AR-negative cells were deleted by apoptosis in the differentiating ATL, we propose that AR may protect ATL cells against apoptosis.

Localization of mRNAs coding for isozymes of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase pump in rat kidney

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. F7-F14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magosci ◽  
M. Yamaki ◽  
J. T. Penniston ◽  
T. P. Dousa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Specific Mrna

We have studied localization of mRNAs coding isozymes of rat plasma membrane Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase pump (rPMCA) in the rat kidney, with use of reverse transcription (RT) with subsequent amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When zones of the kidney were separated by macrodissection, a large amount of mRNA coding isozyme rPMCA1 was found in all zones; mRNA for isozyme rPMCA2 was abundant in cortex and in outer medulla, and mRNA for isozyme rPMCA3 was prominent in outer medulla. The mRNAs were analyzed in microdissected cortical nephron segments by use of RT-PCR approach described previously [T. Moriyama, H. R. Murphy, B. M. Martin, and A. Garcia-Perez. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 27): F1470-F1474, 1990]. We detected mRNA for isozyme rPMCA2 in microdissected distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and in cortical thick ascending limbs (CTAL) and, less consistently, also in proximal convoluted tubule and in glomeruli. The mRNA for isozyme rPMCA1 was abundant in glomeruli but was absent in all examined cortical tubular segments. Our results document that mRNAs for all three major isozymes of rPMCA are present and show a unique distribution in the three major zones of rat renal parenchyma. Specific mRNA coding for rPMCA2 was detected in cortical tubules, namely in CTAL and DCT, whereas mRNA coding isozyme rPMCA1 was found in glomeruli. We suggest that isozyme rPMCA2 might be specifically related to epithelial cells and their function, whereas rPMCA1 is probably a component of nonepithelial cells including these in glomeruli.

Expression of urea transporters in the developing rat kidney

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. F530-F540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Kim ◽  
Dong-Un Kim ◽  
Ki-Hwan Han ◽  
Ju-Young Jung ◽  
Jeff M. Sands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Short Loop ◽  
Adult Kidney ◽  
Developing Rat

Urea transport in the kidney is mediated by a family of transporter proteins that includes renal urea transporters (UT-A) and erythrocyte urea transporters (UT-B). Because newborn rats are not capable of producing concentrated urine, we examined the time of expression and the distribution of UT-A and UT-B in the developing rat kidney by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Kidneys from 16-, 18-, and 20-day-old fetuses, 1-, 4-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups, and adult animals were studied. In the adult kidney, UT-A was expressed intensely in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) and terminal portion of the short-loop descending thin limb (DTL) and weakly in long-loop DTL in the outer part of the inner medulla. UT-A immunoreactivity was not present in the fetal kidney but was observed in the IMCD and DTL in 1-day-old pups. The intensity of UT-A immunostaining in the IMCD gradually increased during postnatal development. In 4- and 7-day-old pups, UT-A immunoreactivity was present in the DTL at the border between the outer and inner medulla. In 14- and 21-day-old pups, strong UT-A immunostaining was observed in the terminal part of short-loop DTL in the outer medulla, and weak labeling remained in long-loop DTL descending into the outer part of the inner medulla. In the adult kidney, there was intense staining for UT-B in descending vasa recta (DVR) and weak labeling of glomeruli. In the developing kidney, UT-B was first observed in the DVR of a 20-day-old fetus. After birth there was a striking increase in the number of UT-B-positive DVR, in association with the formation of vascular bundles. The intensity of immunostaining remained strong in the outer medulla but gradually decreased in the inner medulla. We conclude that the expression of urea transporters in short-loop DTL and DVR coincides with the development of the ability to produce a concentrated urine.

scholarly journals Cellular and subcellular localization of enzymes of arginine metabolism in rat kidney

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Dhanakoti ◽  
M E Brosnan ◽  
G R Herzberg ◽  
J T Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Ornithine Aminotransferase ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Argininosuccinate Synthase ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Inner Cortex ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Rat kidneys extract citrulline derived from the intestinal metabolism of glutamine and convert it stoichiometrically into arginine. This pathway constitutes the major endogenous source of arginine. We investigated the localization of enzymes of arginine synthesis, argininosuccinate synthase and lyase, and of breakdown, arginase and ornithine aminotransferase, in five regions of rat kidney, in cortical tubule fractions and in subcellular fractions of cortex. Argininosuccinate synthase and lyase were found almost exclusively in cortex. Arginase and ornithine aminotransferase were found in inner cortex and outer medulla. Since cortical tissue primarily consists of proximal convoluted and straight tubules, distal tubules and glomeruli, we prepared cortical tubule fragments by collagenase digestion of cortices and fractionated them on a Percoll gradient. Argininosuccinate synthase and lyase were found to be markedly enriched in proximal convoluted tubules, whereas less than 10% of arginase and ornithine aminotransferase, were recovered in this fraction. Arginine production from citrulline was also enriched in proximal convoluted tubules. Subcellular fractionation of kidney cortex revealed that argininosuccinate synthase and lyase are cytosolic. We therefore conclude that arginine synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Localization of Arginine and Citrulline in Rat Renal Tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Aoki ◽  
Ikuo K. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Outer Stripe ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Using antibodies highly specific for L-arginine and L-citrulline, we localized these amino acids in rat kidney with immunohistochemical methods. Highest levels of arginine immunoreactivity were observed in epithelial cells of proximal tubules in the outer stripe of the outer medulla and the collecting ducts in the cortex. Staining intensity of proximal convoluted tubules in the outer stripe decreased from the inner side to the outer side. In the inner medulla, collecting ducts were labeled with moderate intensity. Staining within the cortex was apparent only with collecting ducts. Citrulline immunoreactivity was localized in the epithelial cells of collecting ducts both in the cortex and medulla. Immunoreactivity was also found in glomerular podocytes and in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules in the outer medulla. These localizations were different from those of other amino acids previously reported. The precise cellular distribution of arginine and citrulline in rat kidney was determined for the first time by an immunohistochemical method in the present study.

scholarly journals Comparison of the distribution of tissue kallikrein and esterase A, a kallikrein-like enzyme, in rat kidney using specific monoclonal antibodies.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Simson ◽  
J L Condon ◽  
L Chao ◽  
J Chao
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Cortical Collecting Duct ◽  
Kidney Tubule ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Straight Tubules ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Tissue kallikrein (E.C. 3.4.21.35) and arginine esterase A, another closely related, kinin-generating serine protease, have been localized by immunocytochemistry in rat kidney, using monoclonal antibodies that do not crossreact with other kallikrein-related enzymes or with tonin. Kallikrein was present primarily in the apical cytoplasm of the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct. Esterase A, on the other hand, was present primarily in the basolateral region of both proximal and distal straight tubules in the outer medulla and medullary rays. In addition, esterase A was demonstrable in distal convoluted tubules and, to a lesser extent, in proximal convoluted tubules. The presence of different kinin-generating enzymes at these sites would permit the formation of kinins from appropriate substrates on both the vascular and luminal poles of separate segments of the kidney tubule.

The Stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase Activity in the Medulla of the Rat Kidney by [arginine] Vasopressin and Its Analogues

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Pippard ◽  
P. H. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Total and Na+,K+-ATPase activities have been measured in sections (10 μm thick) from blocks of rat kidney cultured for 5 h at 37°C, pH 7.5, in Glasgow Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium. 2. Synthetic [arginine]vasopressin ([Arg]VP) stimulated ATPase activity in the thick tubular cells of the renal outer medulla over the concentration range 0.01-10 fmol/l, but failed to affect ATPase activity in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the cortex. 3. The increase in medullary total ATPase activity induced by [Arg]VP and its analogues was wholly due to stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. 4. Stimulation of medullary ATPase activity was blocked by [Arg]VP antiserum. 5. The [Arg]VP analogues desmopressin, [lysine]vasopressin, [arginine]vasotocin and oxytocin stimulated medullary Na+,K+-ATPase activity, the three last-named analogues being considerably less potent than [Arg]VP.

Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the muscle of Ascaris suum (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Goil ◽  
R. P. Harpur
Keyword(s):  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mammalian Enzyme ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sorbitol Pathway

SummaryThe muscle of Ascaris suum contains sorbitol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1. 14] and the apparent Km values indicate that the enzymefavours fructose formation. Aldose reductase [EC 1.1.1.21] is also present and like the mammalian enzyme it has a very high apparent Km for glucose. Possible functions of the sorbitol pathway in Ascaris muscle are discussed.

Expression of epidermal growth factor in the developing rat kidney

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. F227-F235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Young Jung ◽  
Ji-Hyun Song ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Chul-Woo Yang ◽  
Tae-Cheon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Distal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Developing Kidney ◽  
Developing Rat

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is important in mammalian renal development. In our study, we investigated the detailed distribution and the time of the first appearance of EGF in developing rat kidney. Kidneys from embryonic 18 ( E18)- and 20-day-old ( E20) fetuses, postnatal 1 ( P1)-, 3 ( P3)-, 7 ( P7)-, 14 ( P14)-, and 21-day-old ( P21) pups, and adults were processed for immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy. In adult rat kidney, EGF immunoreactivity was found in distal tubule including the thick ascending limb (TAL) and portion 1 of distal convoluted tubule (DCT1), whereas no EGF immunoreactivity was seen in portion 2 of distal convoluted tubule (DCT2) and connecting tubule. In developing kidney, EGF-positive cells first appeared at P3 and were localized in the middle portion of the differentiating TAL of the corticomedullary junction. By P7, the abundance of EGF expression had dramatically increased in the medullary TAL. Between P14 and P21, EGF immunoreactivity was found in the TAL and the DCT for the first time. However, EGF-positive and EGF-negative cells were in the TAL in developing rat kidney. EGF-positive cells did not differ from negative cells in the expression of sodium transport proteins or in the proliferation rate at P3 and P7. In the TAL, smooth-surfaced cells had strong EGF immunoreactivity, but no EGF immunoreactivity was seen in the rough-surfaced cells with well-developed microvilli. Our results suggest that the expression of EGF in developing kidney plays an important role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of the loop of Henle during kidney development and that this may act in the paracrine mode.

Activation of Angiotensin-Generating Systems in the Developing Rat Kidney

Hypertension ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Yosipiv ◽  
Samir S. El-Dahr
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Developing Rat
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