Urban Cultural Heritage: Managing and Preserving a Local Global Common in the Twenty-first Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław M. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Unesco Convention ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century

As we approach the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century—at the moment when more people live in the cities than anywhere else—there comes a time to ponder on the role and the condition of urban cultural heritage. In times of growth, urbanization and rapid development, the city may be described as a modern battlefield of cultural heritage protection, often faced with the choice between protection and conservation, or destruction and redevelopment. This article seeks to analyse the means of protection of urban cultural heritage—a common, which is local (it takes a vital part in the creation of identity) and global (it is a part of a universal heritage) at the same time—in the international law, and to look into ways of its successful management. The first part of the article looks at the concept of the urban cultural heritage, and the second part examines the two main UNESCO conventions concerning cultural heritage protection, namely, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, to establish whether or not they are successful tools in protecting the urban cultural heritage. The third part focuses on analysing a new approach towards urban cultural heritage advocated by UNESCO, based on the 2011 recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), giving examples of its successful (Amsterdam, Ballarat, Cuenca) and unsuccessful application (Stockholm, Hong Kong, Macau). In the fourth part, the author suggests ways of effective governance of the urban cultural heritage in the twenty-first century, from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development, focusing on the role of cultural heritage in the city’s growth, and in the creation of identity and collective memories. The concluding part of the article seeks for an answer to the question of a need for a new UNESCO convention.

scholarly journals Identifying Challenges and Solutions in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Nadia Pintossi ◽  
Deniz Ikiz Kaya ◽  
Ana Pereira Roders
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Knowledge ◽  
Manifest Content

Cultural heritage drives and enables sustainable urban development. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage creates values while prolonging the lifespan of heritage. Similarly, circular economy creates value while extending the useful life of materials and elements through their reuse. Existing studies on adaptive reuse challenges seldom focus on cultural heritage properties, and they are often identified through the engagement of a limited variety of stakeholders, as compared to the actors normally involved in adaptive reuse. Filling this gap, this paper provides a preliminary baseline of challenges faced by the city of Amsterdam from the perspective of various involved stakeholders, and suggests solutions to address them. The participants represented the public, private, knowledge, and third sectors. The methods used were the following: for data collection, a multidisciplinary workshop using the steps of the Historic Urban Landscape approach as an assessment framework applied to multiple scales on adaptive reuse, and for data analysis, manifest content analysis. The results expanded the range of challenges and solutions reported by previous literature on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage in content and scale by identifying 61 themes—e.g., knowledge and civic engagement. Tools and stakeholders were also identified. These findings provide a reference for future practice, policymaking, and decision-making, facilitating the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage to capitalize on its potential for sustainable development and circular economy.

scholarly journals Legal support of the cultural heritage protection in the Ukrainian SSR (second half of the 1950s – end of the 1980s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
T. V. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Special Aspect ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 1950S

The research covers the development of the legislation of the Ukrainian SSR cultural heritage protection problems. The rapid development of sectoral legislation in the second half of the twentieth century was driven by the need of preservation of cultural heritage sites, damaged during the Second World War, or affected by the improper use by various institutions and organizations.The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of legal regulation of cultural heritage protection in the Ukrainian SSR in the second half of the 1950 s – the end of the 1980 s.Scientific novelty. The analysis of the legislative acts of the Verkhovna Rada of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, as well as by-laws of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR revealed the specifics of the legal regulation of cultural heritage protection in the Ukrainian SSR in the second half of the 1950 s – late 1980s, which consisted of application of separate national legal terminology. The main directions of legal regulation of cultural heritage protection during the period under review are singled out.Conclusions. Soviet legislation on the protection of cultural heritage, as any sectoral legislation, was unified, and the republican special-purpose laws duplicated Union norms. The legislation of the Ukrainian SSR of the 1950s – 1980s concerning the cultural heritage protection was developed in accordance with the Union legislation, as well as the decrees and orders of the USSR Government. At the same time, both federal and republican legislation had basic international rules, including the provisions of the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, signed by the Soviet Union. The special aspect of the the Ukrainian SSR legislation was the consideration of some national traditions, including terminological ones. This could be noticed in the name of the Law of the Ukrainian SSR from July 13, 1978 «On the Protection and Use of Monuments of History and Culture», in which instead of the term «памятник» (monument) in the Russian language and the law, the term «monument» was introduced more wide term «пямятка» (site). In general, due to the consistent policy on conservation and extensive legislation, we have been able to preserve the destruction of monuments that remind the thousand-year history and culture of Ukraine.

Liberal Order in the Twenty-First Century: Searching for Eunomia Once Again

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Amichai Magen
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Good Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unique Potential

Adherents of economic and political liberty are again compelled to ask fundamental questions about the nature and prospects of good order (or Eunomia). This article: (1) offers a quaternary definition of the concept of “order;” (2) contends that Eunomia is essentially about the creation, adaptation, and protection of the conditions necessary for human beings to live lives that are free from fear so as to maximize each individual’s unique potential for human flourishing; and (3) outlines an evolutionary understanding of Eunomia, whereby contemporary liberal orders represent the cumulative outcome of three sets of elite-selected “wins” over illiberal ones. To survive and thrive in the twenty-first century liberalism must once again contest and defeat rival orders.

Absolute Capitalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Foster
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Finance Capital ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Market Relations

Although neoliberalism is widely recognized as the central political-ideological project of twenty-first-century capitalism, it is a term that is seldom uttered by those in power. Behind this particular ruse lies a deeply disturbing, even hellish, reality. Neoliberalism can be defined as an integrated ruling-class political-ideological project, associated with the rise of monopoly-finance capital, the principal strategic aim of which is to embed the state in capitalist market relations. Hence, the state's traditional role in safeguarding social reproduction—if largely on capitalist-class terms—is now reduced solely to one of promoting capitalist reproduction. The goal is nothing less than the creation of an absolute capitalism. All of this serves to heighten the extreme human and ecological destructiveness that characterizes our time.

Mary and Modernity

2019 ◽  
pp. 530-545
Author(s):  
Charlene Spretnak
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Mechanistic Worldview ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Catholic Church

Because the Reformation was unfavourably disposed toward expressions of the cosmological, mystical, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions of the Virgin Mary’s spiritual presence, and because secular versions of several concepts in the Reformation became central to emergent modernity, the work of modernizing the Catholic Church at Vatican II resulted in streamlining Mary’s presence and meaning in favour of a more literal, objective, and strictly text-based version, which is simultaneously more Protestant and more modern. In the decades since Vatican II, however, the modern, mechanistic worldview has been dislodged by discoveries in physics and biology indicating that physical reality, the Creation, is composed entirely of dynamic interrelatedness. This perception also informs the Incarnation, the Resurrection, Redemption, transubstantiation, and the full spiritual presence of Mary with its mystical and cosmological dimensions. Perhaps the rigid dividing lines at Vatican II will evolve into new possibilities in the twenty-first century regarding Mary and modernity.

Modern-World Archaeology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Orser
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Archaeology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Historical archaeology has grown exponentially since its inception. By the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, practitioners of the field had conducted research throughout the world in locales only imagined in the mid-twentieth century. The spread of historical archaeology in Europe, Asia, and Africa—and other places with long, rich documentary histories—has meant that two senses of ‘historical archaeology’ now exist. The creation of modern-world archaeology seeks to define an archaeology of the post-Columbian world as an archaeology explicitly engaged in investigating the historical antecedents of our present age. This chapter explains the rationale behind the creation of modern-world archaeology, outlines some of its central tenets, and provides a brief example of one subject of relevance to the field.

scholarly journals Lynching, Memory and Memorials

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sobieraj
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Memorial Sites

This article touches upon three important topics: lynching, memory, and memorialization-looked at from the perspective of the twenty-first century. As far as lynching is concerned, it focuses on a significant growth of interest in this painful historical, social, and political issue. In the context of lynching it discusses memory and the process of memorialization, sometimes seen as a relatively new trend, and the creation of memorial sites, such as the American lynching memorials in Duluth, Minnesota and Montgomery, Alabama.

scholarly journals A Review of the Role of Social Media for the Cultural Heritage Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Liang ◽  
Yanjun Lu ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Social Media Platforms

During the last 20 years, with the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), an emerging interest has appeared in Digital Community Engagement (DCE) in the process of cultural heritage management. Due to a growing need to involve a broader community in the Historic Urban Landscape approach, social media are considered one of the most important platforms to promote the public participation process of urban heritage conservation in the context of rapid urbanization. Despite the growing literature on DCE, which has delivered a general overview of different digital technologies and platforms to enhance heritage conservation, little research has been done on taking stock of the utilization of social media in this process. This study aims to fill the research gap by providing a more comprehensive picture of the functionalities of social media platforms and impacts on sustainable urban development through a systematic literature review. As a result, 19 out of 248 DCE relevant articles are selected as objects to illustrate the contribution of social media. The study identified the characteristics of these applied social media tools, explores their roles and influences in cases. The article concludes with directions for further research.

From Exilic to Mobile Identities: Colum McCann's Let the Great World Spin and the Cosmopolitanization of Contemporary Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Zamorano Llena
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Irish Literature ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Literature Of Migration

The theme of displacement and a view of exile that differs from traditional definitions of the concept and its associations with feelings of loss and nostalgia are a constant in Colum McCann's oeuvre. Images of flight and fleeing are recurrent in his work and underscore the centrality that mobility occupies in his fictional world, in which these flights are, not infrequently, a metaphorical act of escapism from material reality and physical conditioning. However, mobility in Let the Great World Spin is articulated as a characteristically twenty-first century phenomenon in its emphasis on how interconnectivity beyond differences, especially in the form of transnational exchanges, characterizes contemporary societies and shapes individual realities and identities. This essay contends that this transnational interconnectivity is not only foregrounded at the narrative level, thematically and in terms of narrative structure; McCann's tangentially framing of this novel within American post-9/11 fiction, while formally echoing an Irish literature of exile and thematically relating to an Irish literature of migration and fictions of the global, suggests the process in which new imaginative realities and identities are shaped from a cosmopolitan outlook that promotes the synergetic dialogue between national and transnational differences in the creation of a cosmopolitanized reality.

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