scholarly journals Ultrastructural histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Anastasia-Sawicki ◽  
R J MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lead Phosphate ◽  
Final Reaction Product ◽  
Optimal Incubation

The ultrastructural histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in salivary glands of third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. Using Gomori's lead phosphate method for acid phosphatase detection, the optimal incubation time in the reaction medium was determined to be 30 min. When glands having wild-type acid phosphatase activity are incubated for this time, deposition of the final reaction product is observed in essentially every lysosome and artifactual staining is minimal.

scholarly journals Puffing activity in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. political chromosomes after exposure to microwave radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
M. N. Sheyka ◽  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Outbred Strain

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the effect of microwave radiation of varying intensity on the polytene chromosomes puffing activity in larvae salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. Methods. The wild type outbred strain Oregon-R was used as the material. Microwave radiation with a frequency of 36.64 GHz and a power density of 0.1 and 1 W / m2 was used. Exposure to microwaves was applied in early embryogenesis after 3-hour oviposition. Exposure time was 30 sec. The puff sizes were studied on the squashed preparations of larvae salivary glands stained with acetoorcein. Dimensions of four puffs were investigated^ 2B5-6 (X chromosome); 62E, 71CE and 72CD (chromosome 3L). The measurements were carried out using an ocular-micrometer. Results. There were no significant changes in the size of the puffs in any of the four loci studied, regardless of the applied power density. Conclusions. Microwave radiation in early embryogenesis at a frequency of 36.64 GHz, a power density of 0.1 and 1 W/m2, and an exposure of 30 sec does not have a significant effect on the puff sizes in the Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., giant chromosomes, puff sizes, non-ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Reproduction and endoreduplication in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. when influenced by lead nitrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk ◽  
O. V. Taglina
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Drosophila Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the reproductive ability and polyteny degree of chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. under the influence of various concentrations of lead nitrate. Methods. Canton-S wild-type strain was used as the material. Flies developed on standard sugar-yeast medium, to which in the experiment lead nitrate was added in concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml. The reproductive ability of the strain was evaluated by the number of adult offspring. The polyteny degree of chromosomes was studied on squashed preparations of larva salivary glands stained with acetoorsein by cytomorphometry. The preparations were obtained at late 3rd instar. Results. The number of adult offsprings decreased when lead nitrate was added to the nutrient medium: at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml – by 22.8 %, at 1 mg/ml – by 38.9 %. A concentration of 10 mg/ml was lethal. Males showed greater sensitivity to the drug compared to females. The degree of polyteny of chromosomes in the salivary glands of larvae decreased on average by 5.0–6.5 %. Conclusions. Lead nitrate causes a significant, dose-dependent decrease in the reproductive ability of fruit flies and has a toxic effect on Drosophila cells, inhibiting the process of endoreduplication. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., heavy metals, fecundity, giant chromosomes, polyteny.

Intracellular and Extracellular Acid Hydrolase Activity in the Drosophila Melanogaster Ovary

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Altman ◽  
R. Witkus ◽  
G. M. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Acid Hydrolase ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Thin Sections

Ovaries from wild type Drosophila melanogaster were incubated for acid phosphatase activity (pH 5). Following fixation in either 3.0% or 6.0% glutaraldehyde prepared in 0.1M cacodyiate buffer. Post-fixation was done in 1.0% osmium tetroxide and tissues were subjected to a graded series of acetone and infiltrated with Epon-Araldite. Control tissues were incubated without the substrate, in this case Bglycerophosphate. Ultrastructural integrity was checked against tissue prepared by omitting the incubation period completely. Thin and semi-thin sections were cut on an LKB ultramicrotome. In some instances, observations were recorded without uranyl acetate and lead citrate counterstaining.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of conjugation of polytene chromosomes in the offspring of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. after exposure to the acute γ-irradiation

1970 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
D. A. Skorobahatko ◽  
V. Yu. Strashnyuk ◽  
A. A. Mazilov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
High Degree

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the peculiarities of homologous conjugation of polytene chromosomes in the salivary glands of larvae in Drosophila melanogaster offspring after exposure to acute γ-irradiation. Methods. Experiments were carried out on wild type Oregon-R strain. Three-day-old flies were irradiated by brake gamma rays on the linear electron accelerator LEA-10. The dose rate was 0.4 Gr/sec.The effects of acute γ-radiation at doses of 8 Gr and 16 Gr were studied. Giant chromosomes were investigated in squashed preparations of the salivary glands stained by acetoorcein. Preparations were obtained from the females at the end of third larva stage. Results. The decrease at 41.5 % in asynapsis frequency of homologous chromosomes in salivary gland cells of larvae in Drosophila F1 progeny after γ-irradiation at the dose of 8 Gr was shown. No effect was observed at the dose of 16 Gr. Analysis of variance showed with a high degree of significance (Fφ = 53, p < 0,001) the influence of gradations of factor on the frequency of violations of conjugation of homologous in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Conclusions. The results suggest a possible effect of gamma-radiation on the trans-interaction of loci of homologous chromosomes due to the changes in the asynapsis frequency. Keywords: giant chromosomes, spontaneous asynapsis, trans-interactions, ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals A NEW STRAIN OF DROSOPHILA THAT INHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS IN IMAGOES INFECTED WITH SIGMA VIRUS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
R S Herforth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sigma Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT A strain of Drosophila melanogaster bearing the mutant gene ebony has been found to slow the development of symptoms (carbon dioxide sensitivity) in adult flies inoculated with sigma virus, a member of the rhabdovirus group. This inhibition is made evident by comparing mean incubation times of the virus in ebony and wild-type (Oregon) flies. The increase in mean incubation time in ebony flies has ranged from about 3 to 8 days, depending on the virus strain, amount of virus injected, and the age of the flies at the time of inoculation. This delay in development of symptoms appears to be due to a dominant autosomal gene, although further work is needed to confirm this. When accumulation of infectious virus after inoculation is compared in ebony and Oregon flies, there seems to be no inhibition of multiplication in ebony at the level of the entire fly. The relationship of this work to current theories on the mechanism of symptom production by sigma virus is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification ofvib-1, a Locus Involved in Vegetative Incompatibility Mediated byhet-cinNeurospora crassa

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijun Xiang ◽  
N Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Native Gel ◽  
Type Strains

AbstractA non-self-recognition system called vegetative incompatibility is ubiquitous in filamentous fungi and is genetically regulated by het loci. Different fungal individuals are unable to form viable heterokaryons if they differ in allelic specificity at a het locus. To identify components of vegetative incompatibility mediated by allelic differences at the het-c locus of Neurospora crassa, we isolated mutants that suppressed phenotypic aspects of het-c vegetative incompatibility. Three deletion mutants were identified; the deletions overlapped each other in an ORF named vib-1 (vegetative incompatibility blocked). Mutations in vib-1 fully relieved growth inhibition and repression of conidiation conferred by het-c vegetative incompatibility and significantly reduced hyphal compartmentation and death rates. The vib-1 mutants displayed a profuse conidiation pattern, suggesting that VIB-1 is a regulator of conidiation. VIB-1 shares a region of similarity to PHOG, a possible phosphate nonrepressible acid phosphatase in Aspergillus nidulans. Native gel analysis of wild-type strains and vib-1 mutants indicated that vib-1 is not the structural gene for nonrepressible acid phosphatase, but rather may regulate nonrepressible acid phosphatase activity.

scholarly journals The hobo Transposable Element Excises and Has Related Elements in Tephritid Species

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347
Author(s):  
Alfred M Handler ◽  
Sheilachu P Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anastrepha Suspensa ◽  
Tephritid Species ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Horizontal Transfers

Abstract Function of the Drosophila melanogaster hobo transposon in tephritid species was tested in transient embryonic excision assays. Wild-type and mutant strains of Anastrepha suspensa, Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata, and Toxotrypana curvicauda all supported hobo excision or deletion both in the presence and absence of co-injected hobo transposase, indicating a permissive state for hobo mobility and the existence of endogenous systems capable of mobilizing hobo. In several strains hobo helper reduced excision. Excision depended on hobo sequences in the indicator plasmid, though almost all excisions were imprecise and the mobilizing systems appear mechanistically different from hobo. hobe-related sequences were identified in all species except T. curvicauda. Parsimony analysis yielded a subgroup including the B. cucurbitae and C. capitata sequences along with hobo and Hermes, and a separate, more divergent subgroup including the A. suspensa and B. dorsalis sequences. All of the sequences exist as multiple genomic elements, and a deleted form of the B. cucurbitae element exists in B. dorsalis. The hobo-related sequences are probably members of the hAT transposon family with some evolving from distant ancestor elements, while others may have originated from more recent horizontal transfers.

scholarly journals Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

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