scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of melatonin in the rat Harderian gland.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Bubenik ◽  
G M Brown ◽  
L J Grota
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Yellow Fluorescence ◽  
Double Antibody

Using fluorescence and double antibody techniques, melatonin was localized immunohistologically in the secretory cells of the Harderian gland of mature male rats. The presence and quantity of melatonin in the acinar cells seem to correlate with the amount of porphyrins inside the lumen. The specificity was proven by disappearance of yellow fluorescence after saturation of antibody with melatonin or after use of nonspecific antibody only.

The ultrastructure of acinar cells in the external orbital gland of young and old male rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
R. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Diploid Cells

The external orbital gland of the albino rat exhibits both sexual dimorphism and histological age changes. In males, many cells attain a remarkable degree of polyploidy and an increase of polyploid cell number constitutes the major age change until young adulthood. The acini of young adults have a small lumen and are composed of tall serous cells. Subsequently, many acini acquire a larger lumen with an irregular outline while numerous vacuoles accumulate throughout the secretory cells. At the same time, vesicular acini with a large lumen surrounded by pale-staining low cuboidal diploid cells begin to appear and their number increases throughout old age. The fine structure of external orbital glands from both sexes has been explored and in considering acinar cells from males, emphasis was given to the form of the Golgi membranes and to nuclear infoldings of cytoplasmic constituents.

Further Studies on the Ultrastructure of Harderian Gland in Adult Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
Guadalupe Tapia-Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cell Components

The fine structure of the Harderian gland has been described in some animal species (hamster, rabbit, mouse, domestic fowl and albino rats). There are only two reports in the literature dealing on the ultrastructure of rat Harderian gland in adult animals. In one of them the author describes the myoepithelial cells in methacrylate-embbeded tissue, and the other deals with the maturation of the acinar cells and the formation of the secretory droplets. The aim of the present work is to analize the relationships among the acinar cell components and to describe the two types of cells located at the perifery of the acini.

scholarly journals Membrane interactions between secretion granules and plasmalemma in three exocrine glands

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tanaka ◽  
P De Camilli ◽  
J Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Membrane Interactions ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Secretion Granules

Three types of membrane interactions were studied in three exocrine systems (the acinar cells of the rat parotid, rat lacrimal gland, and guinea pig pancrease) by freeze- fracture and thin-section electron microscopy: exocytosis, induced in vivo by specific pharmacological stimulations; the mutual apposition of secretory granule membranes in the intact cell; membrane appositions induced in vitro by centrifugation of the isolated granules. In all three glandular cells, the distribution of intramembrane particles (IMP) on the fracture faces of the luminal plasmagranule membrane particles (IMP) on the fracture faces of the lumenal plasmalemma appeared random before stimulation. However, after injection of secretagogues, IMP were rapidly clearly from the areas of granule- plasmalemma apposition in the parotid cells and, especially, in lacrimocytes. In the latter, the cleared areas appeared as large bulges toward the lumen, whereas in the parotid they were less pronounced. Exocytotic openings were usually large and the fracture faces of their rims were covered with IMP. In contrast, in stimulated pancreatic acinar cells, the IMP distribution remained apparently random after stimulation. Exocytoses were established through the formation of narrown necks, and no images which might correspond to early stages of membrane fusion were revealed. Within the cytoplasm of parotid and lacrimal cells (but not in the pancreas), both at rest and after stimulation, secretion granules were often closely apposed by means of flat, circular areas, also devoid of IMP. In thin sections, the images corresponding to IMP-free areas were close granule-granule and granule-plasmalemma appositions, sometimes with focal merging of the membrane outer layers to yield pentalaminar structures. Isolated secretion granules were forced together in vitro by centrifugation. Under these conditions, increasing the centrifugal force from 1,600 to 50,000 g for 10 min resulted in a progressive, statistically significant increase of the frequency of IMP-free flat appositions between parotid granules. In contrast, no such areas were seen between freeze-fractured pancreatic granules, although some focal pentalaminar appositions appeared in section after centrifugation at 50 and 100,000 g for 10 min. On the basis of the observation that, in secretory cells, IMP clearing always develops in deformed membrane areas (bulges, depressions, flat areas), it is suggested that it might result from the forced mechanical apposition of the interacting membranes. This might be a preliminary process not sufficient to initiate fusion. In the pancreas, IMP clearing could occur over surface areas too small to be detected. In stimulated parotid and lacrimal glands they were exceptional. These structures were either attached at the sites of continuity between granule and plasma membranes, or free in the acinar lumen, with a preferential location within exocytotic pockets or in their proximity. Experiments designed to investigate the nature of these blisters and vesicles revealed that they probably arise artifactually during glutaraldehyde fixation. In fact, (a) they were large and numerous in poorly fixed samples but were never observed in thin sections of specimens fixed in one step with glutaraldehyde and OsO(4); and (b) no increase in concentration of phospholipids was observed in the parotid saliva and pancreatic juice after stimulation of protein discharge, as was to be expected if release of membrane material were occurring after exocytosis.

Compensatory Adrenal Growth in Immature and Mature Male Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde A. Holzwarth ◽  
Charles W. Wilkinson ◽  
Mary F. Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats

Differences in regulation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels in colonic and parotid secretory cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. C161-C166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arreola ◽  
James E. Melvin ◽  
Ted Begenisich
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cam Kinase Ii ◽  
Cam Kinase ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
T84 Cells ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Parotid Acinar Cells

We investigated the regulation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels in cells from the human colonic cell line T84 and acinar cells from rat parotid glands. The participation of multifunctional Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II in the activation of these channels was studied using selective inhibitors of calmodulin and CaM kinase II. Ca2+-dependent Cl− currents were recorded using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Direct inhibition of CaM kinase II by 40 μM peptide 281–302 or by 10 μM KN-62, another CaM kinase inhibitor, did not block the Cl− current in parotid acinar cells, whereas in T84 cells KN-62 markedly inhibited the Ca2+-dependent Cl− current. We also used the calmodulin-binding domain peptide 290–309 (0.5 μM), which competitively inhibits the activation of CaM kinase II. This peptide reduced the Cl− current in T84 cells by ∼70% but was without effect on the channels in parotid acinar cells. We conclude that the Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels in T84 cells are activated by CaM kinase II but that the channels in parotid acinar cells must be regulated by a fundamentally different Ca2+-dependent mechanism that does not utilize CaM kinase II or any calmodulin-dependent process.

Effects of Dietary Calcium upon Lipid Metabolism in Mature Male Rats Fed Beef Tallow

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fleischman ◽  
H. Yacowitz ◽  
T. Hayton ◽  
M. L. Bierenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats

INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON AMIDINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS. METABOLIC CONTROL OF CREATINE BIOSYNTHESIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Kriskó ◽  
James B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Mammalian Enzyme

ABSTRACT Arginine: glycine amidinotransferase is the first of two enzymes involved in creatine biosynthesis. The amidinotransferase specific activity (micromoles of hydroxyguanidine formed per hour per g wet weight of tissue) of kidney homogenates of mature male rats was about twice that of females of the same age, whereas activities were equal before puberty. Castration decreased the activity of males and increased that of females. The administration of testosterone propionate to young adult female rats resulted in a significant increase in enzyme activity. The same enzyme had previously been shown to be repressible by its end-product, creatine. Although there are numerous enzymes whose synthesis is known to be under hormonal control, amidinotransferase is the only mammalian enzyme described up to now on which there appears to operate both an end-product repression mechanism and a hormonal control on the de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein.

Initial induction and subsequent reduction of α2u-globulin in urine and serum of mature male rats after repeated intraperitoneal injections of (anti)estrogen

Toxicology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Nagahori ◽  
Koichiro Komai ◽  
Yoshitaka Tomigahara ◽  
Koichi Saito ◽  
Naohiko Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Urine And Serum

scholarly journals Physiological and morphological evidence for coupling in mouse salivary gland acinar cells.

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Kater ◽  
N J Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Intercellular Exchange ◽  
Dc Current

Three experimental techniques were employed to examine coupling between acinar cells of the mouse salivary gland. Passage of DC current pulses via intracellular microelectrodes between neighboring cells showed that small ions could be directly passed from one cell to another. Intracellular iontophoresis of the dye Lucifer Yellow CH into a single cell indicated that small molecules could spread by means of intercellular cytoplasmic bridges througout an acinus and, occasionally, into cells of adjacent acini. Freeze-fracture replicas of acinar cell membranes indicated the presence of gap junctions which were correlated with both electrical and dye coupling experiments. Suggestions are made for the function of direct intercellular exchange in salivary secretory cells. The role of electrical coupling in coordination of the activity of different secretory cell types is discussed as one possible function.

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