scholarly journals Protective effect of Tβ4 on central nervous system tissues and its developmental prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922093455
Author(s):  
Gui-hong Zhang ◽  
Krishna Dilip Murthy ◽  
Rahmawati Binti Pare ◽  
Yi-hua Qian
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration

Tissue repair and regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) remains a serious medical problem. CNS diseases such as traumatic and neurological brain injuries have a high mortality and disability rate, thereby bringing a considerable amount of economic burden to society and families. How to treat traumatic and neurological brain injuries has always been a serious issue faced by neurosurgeons. The global incidence of traumatic and neurological brain injuries has gradually increased and become a global challenge. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is the main G-actin variant molecule in eukaryotic cells. During the development of the CNS, Tβ4 regulates neurogenesis, tangential expansion, tissue growth, and cerebral hemisphere folding. In addition, Tβ4 has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. It promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, stem/progenitor cell differentiation, and other characteristics of cell migration and survival, providing a scientific basis for the repair and regeneration of injured nerve tissue. This review provides evidence to support the role of Tβ4 in the protection and repair of nervous tissue in CNS diseases, especially with the potential to control brain inflammatory processes, and thus open up new therapeutic applications for a series of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanomaterials for the potential therapeutics of central nervous system disorders: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Pan Guo ◽  
Zhe Ma ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Dereje Kebebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Cell Penetrating

AbstractAlthough nanomedicine have greatly developed and human life span has been extended, we have witnessed the soared incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), ischemic stroke, and brain tumors, which have severely damaged the quality of life and greatly increased the economic and social burdens. Moreover, partial small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule drugs (such as recombinant protein, therapeutic antibody, and nucleic acid) cannot cross the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, it is especially important to develop a drug delivery system that can effectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a potential strategy for the transport of macromolecules through the blood–brain barrier. This study analyzed and summarized the progress of CPPs in CNS diseases from three aspects: CPPs, the conjugates of CPPs and drug, and CPPs modified nanoparticles to provide scientific basis for the application of CPPs for CNS diseases.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

scholarly journals MRI imaging features of HIV-related central nervous system diseases: diagnosis by pattern recognition in daily practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Sakai ◽  
Masahiro Higashi ◽  
Takuya Fujiwara ◽  
Tomoko Uehira ◽  
Takuma Shirasaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

AbstractWith the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved, and the frequency of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has decreased. Nevertheless, mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases, including those associated with ART (e.g., immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the outlook for people with HIV through early diagnosis and prompt treatment. For example, HIV encephalopathy shows a diffuse bilateral pattern, whereas progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma, and CNS toxoplasmosis show focal patterns on MRI. Among the other diseases caused by opportunistic infections, CNS cryptococcosis and CNS tuberculosis have extremely poor prognoses unless diagnosed early. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome shows distinct MRI findings from the offending opportunistic infections. Although distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is difficult, in this review, we discuss how pattern recognition approaches can contribute to their early differentiation.

scholarly journals Efficient acylation of gastrodin byAspergillus oryzaewhole-cells in non-aqueous media

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (29) ◽  
pp. 16701-16712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Maohua Ma ◽  
Xuan Xin ◽  
Yuqian Tang ◽  
Guanglei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Plant Source ◽  
Wide Range

Gastrodin, a bioactive compound extracted from the plant source ofGastrodia elataBlume, has a wide range of therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but suffers from poor brain permeability and short half-life in plasma.

scholarly journals Use of Angong Niuhuang in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases and Related Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Guo ◽  
Shaohua Yan ◽  
Lipeng Xu ◽  
Gexin Zhu ◽  
Xiaotong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Related Research

In Chinese medicine-based therapeutics, Angong Niuhuang pill (ANP) is one of the three most effective formulas for febrile diseases, and it is also used to treat other diseases. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the clinical and pharmacological effects of ANP for treating different central nervous system (CNS) diseases to confirm its validity and efficacy. These diseases are like centric fever, coma, stroke, and viral encephalitis. This review reveals that various diseases could be treated using the same agent, which is one of the most important principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). According to the “Same Treatment for Different Diseases” principle, ANP might be efficacious in other CNS diseases.

scholarly journals Unraveling of Central Nervous System Disease Mechanisms Using CRISPR Genome Manipulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117957351878746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Vesikansa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The complex structure and highly variable gene expression profile of the brain makes it among the most challenging fields to study in both basic and translational biological research. Most of the brain diseases are multifactorial and despite the rapidly increasing genomic data, molecular pathways and causal links between genes and central nervous system (CNS) diseases are largely unknown. The advent of an easy and flexible CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology has rapidly revolutionized the field of functional genomics and opened unprecedented possibilities to dissect the mechanisms of CNS disease. CRISPR-Cas allows a plenitude of applications for both gene-focused and genome-wide approaches, ranging from original “gene scissors” making permanent modifications in the genome to the regulation of gene expression and epigenetics. CRISPR technology provides a unique opportunity to establish new cellular and animal models of CNS diseases and holds potential for breakthroughs in the CNS research and drug development.

The Pathogenesis of Somatic Disease in Mental Defectives

1951 ◽  
Vol 97 (409) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Crome
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Somatic Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
The Brain

The problems of the interdependence and unity of the brain and body have been put on a scientific basis by Pavlov and his successors. Bykov (1947) has, for example, been able to demonstrate that the cortex plays a leading part in the regulation of somatic processes, such as secretion of urine, blood pressure, peristalsis and metabolism. It is therefore reasonable to argue that lesions of the central nervous system will be reflected in the pathogenesis and course of morbid processes in the body. It does not follow, however, that this influence will necessarily be in the direction of greater lability, more rapid pathogenesis or more extensive destruction. The outstanding feature of the central nervous system is its plasticity and power of compensation. It is therefore possible and probable that those parts of the nervous system which remain intact will take over and compensate for the function of the lost ones. Emotion may, for example, lead to polyuria, but it does not follow that urinary secretion will be impaired in a leucotomized patient. The brain may well play an important part in the infective processes of a normal person, but the defence against infection in a microcephalic idiot may remain perfectly adequate, and may even be more effective than in a normal person, provided that the mechanism of the immunity and phagocytosis had been more fully mobilized in the course of his previous life.

scholarly journals Intestinal absorption and neuroprotective effects of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (50) ◽  
pp. 31408-31416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingcong Ma ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Aning Sun ◽  
Yitian Du ◽  
Min Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R) has been proven to have biological activities for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

scholarly journals Upregulation of lncRNA147410.3 in the Brain of Mice With Chronic Toxoplasma Infection Promoted Microglia Apoptosis by Regulating Hoxb3

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Wang ◽  
Ruxia Han ◽  
Zhejun Xu ◽  
Xiahui Sun ◽  
Chunxue Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Toxoplasma gondii is neurotropic and affects the function of nerve cells, while the mechanism is unclear. LncRNAs are abundantly enriched in the brain and participated in the delicate regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) development. However, whether these lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of microglia activation during the process of T. gondii infection is largely unknown. In this study, the upregulation of a novel lncRNA147410.3 (ENSMUST00000147410.3) was identified as a key factor to influence this process. The target gene of lncRNA147410.3 was predicted and identified as Hoxb3. The localization of lncRNA147410.3 in the brain and cells was proved in the nucleus of neuroglia through FISH assay. Furthermore, the function of lncRNA147410.3 on neuronal cell was confirmed that lncRNA147410.3 could affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mouse microglia by positively regulating Hoxb3. Thus, our study explored the modulatory action of lncRNA147410.3 in T. gondii infected mouse brain, providing a scientific basis for using lncRNA147410.3 as a therapeutic target to treat neurological disorder induced by T. gondii.

scholarly journals A Set of 17 microRNAs Common for Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Differentiates Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma from Non-Malignant Brain Tumors

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Maria Sromek ◽  
Grzegorz Rymkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Paziewska ◽  
Lukasz Michal Szafron ◽  
Maria Kulecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Csf Levels

The diagnosis of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which is predominantly of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma type (CNS DLBCL), is challenging. MicroRNAs (miRs) are gene expression-regulating non-coding RNAs that are potential biomarkers. We aimed to distinguish miR expression patterns differentiating CNS DLBCL and non-malignant CNS diseases with tumor presentation (n-ML). Next generation sequencing-based miR profiling of cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) and brain tumors was performed. Sample source-specific (CSF vs. brain tumor) miR patterns were revealed. Even so, a set of 17 miRs differentiating CNS DLBCL from n-ML, no matter if assessed in CSF or in a tumor, was identified. Along with the results of pathway analyses, this suggests their pathogenic role in CNS DLBCL. A combination of just four of those miRs (miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-423-5p), assessed in CSFs, discriminated CNS DLBCL from n-ML samples with 100% specificity and 67.0% sensitivity. Analyses of paired CSF-tumor samples from patients with CNS DLBCL showed significantly lower CSF levels of miR-26a, and higher CSF levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-106b-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-423-5p. Noteworthy, the same miRs belonged to the abovementioned set differentiating CNS DLBCL from non-malignant CNS diseases. Our results not only add to the basic knowledge, but also hold significant translational potential.

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