scholarly journals AN ULTRACYTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF EPITHELIAL CELLS IN DUCTULI EFFERENTES OF CHINESE HAMSTER

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAO YOKOYAMA ◽  
JEFFREY P. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Efferent Duct ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical features of the efferent duct of Chinese hamster have been studied. The ducts are composed of two main types of epithelial cells, ciliated and nonciliated. Distinct structural and cytochemical characteristics of these cells are apparent. Presence of fibrogranular complex which is supposedly related to basal body replication was demonstrated in ciliated cells for the first time in this tissue. Thiamine pyrophosphatase activity in Golgi apparatus, acid phosphatase activity in Golgi apparatus and lysosomes and alkaline phosphatase activity on basal plasma membranes of both ciliated and nonciliated cells have been localized. However, thiamine pyrophosphatase activity was seen only on the luminal surface, apical vacuole and apical tubular structure of nonciliated cells but not on the surface of ciliated cells. Similarly, horseradish peroxidase was absorbed only by nonciliated cells. The cytochemical and ultrastructural differences between the two types of cells indicate a functional specialization. The results indicate that the ciliated cells are concerned with the transportation of the sperms and that the nonciliated cells are concerned with the regulation of fluid composition in the duct since the latter are capable of both secretion and absorption.

Intracellular digestion and cellular defecation in a monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Halton
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Lysosomal System ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes accompanying intracellular digestion and cellular defecation in the haematin cell of Diclidophora merlangi have been described. Blood proteins of the host-fish are sequestered by endocytosis and degraded within an interconnecting network of channels that form an integral, but changing, part of the cell. The digestive enzymes involved originate in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and are packaged in the Golgi apparatus and transferred to the channels in Golgi vesicles. The rate of haemoglobin absorption and the activity of the Golgi, as judged by vesicle counts and staining intensities for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity, are stimulated by the introduction of host protein into the gut lumen. The haematin residues of digestion are extruded periodically into the lumen by exocytosis involving membrane fusion. The process is a continuous one and, in worms starved of food, can result in the complete evacuation of pigment from the cell. It is suggested that a lysosomal system operates in the digestive cycle of the haematin cell.

Ultrastructure of the Genital Duct Epithelium of the Male Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus-Portusjacksoni

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Jones ◽  
M Lin
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Ductuli Efferentes ◽  
Apical Vesicles

The genital ducts of Heterodontus portusjacksoni are lined by a ciliated epithelium. In the ductuli efferentes the epithelium is low and contains numerous intraepithelial leucocytes which often contain large dense bodies. All epithelial cells are ciliated and are characterised by apical vesicles, vacuoles and glycogen granules, some rough endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies and lipid droplets, and a Golgi apparatus. The initial segment of the ductus epididymidis is lined by a very tall epithelium of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The non-ciliated cells contain numerous apical vesicles, a large Golgi apparatus and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules in close association with an extensive endoplasmic reticulum. The terminal segment of the ductus epididymidis is lined by a low columnar epithelium. A proximal region, occupying part of the head of the epididymis, is similar to the epithelium in the ductuli efferentes. Distally, all the epithelial cells are ciliated. They are characterised by considerable dilated endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus, apical vesicles, and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules. The secretory tubules of Leydig's glands are lined by a very tall epithelium with non-ciliated cells containing extensive, dilated, rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and numerous mitochondria and secretory granules. The significance of the structural differentiation of the duct is discussed in relation to the evolution of the mammalian epididymis.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF HYPOTHALAMUS II. THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE, NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATASE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE ACTIVATED SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS OF THE RAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN F. JONGKIND
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Quantitative Histochemistry ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Nucleus Supraopticus

The activities of nucleoside diphosphatases and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) that are associated with the Golgi apparatus and acid phosphatase were measured by quantitative histochemical methods both in histologically pure nucleus supraopticus and in an adjacent area of the anterior hypothalamus of the rat. In the nucleus supraopticus UDP-phosphohydrolase (UDPase), GDP-phosphohydrolase (GDPase) and TPPase activities increased 40% after a thirsting period of 3 days, while IDP-phosphohydrolase activity increased 18% and acid phosphatase activity decreased 25% after the same osmostic stress. The adjacent, nonsupraoptic anterior hypothalamic area did not show significant changes in activity of any of the enzymes studied. The activities of the Golgi-associated TPPase, UDPase and GDPase are likely to be reliable parameters for neurosecretory activity.

Changes of Nasal Epithelial Cells and Mucus Layer after Challenge of Allergen

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Watanabe ◽  
Isamu Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Short Period

It has been reported that the normal epithelium of the anterior nares is covered by a mucopolysaccharide layer with a depth of approximately 0.8μ1. In the present study, a patient with an allergy to the Japanese cedar was found to develop a very thin mucopolysaccharide layer (0.05μ in depth) when the mucosal tissue was taken off before provocation. Adhering pollen particles could have readily come in contact with the plasma membranes of the epithelial cells. The epithelium of the nonciliated cells exfoliated in a relatively short period of time after provocation. Ten minutes after provocation, a thick mucus layer covered the exfoliated epithelial mucosa. Pollen particles could no longer be brought into contact with mucosa due to the mucus layer. On the other hand, no difference from the normal condition was seen before provocation in the middle and posterior nares where ciliated cells were located. However, at ten minutes after provocation, a large number of goblet cells appeared in place of ciliated cells, and mucus production was very much activated. Many signs appeared at this stage which suggested the impairment of ciliary beating. Specifically, there was swelling and damage of plasma membranes of cilia, bending of cilia, existence of extra cytoplasm around the microtubules in the cilia, and intrusion of mucus fluid between cilia. In the regions where ciliated cells were replaced by goblet cells, the exfoliation of epithelium could be noted, but it is generally difficult to find that ciliated cells are exfoliated even when the ciliary beating is impaired. Taking into account the above-mentioned results, it can be assumed that pollen particles penetrate the submucosa not only through the posterior nares where ciliary beating is impaired, but also through the anterior nares where epithelial cells are exfoliated.

Phosphatases in the Neurones of Locusta Migratoria

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (68) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY S. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

Frozen sections of motor neurones in the thoracic ganglia of Locusta migratoria were treated for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity and for acid phosphatase activity. The TPPase-positive bodies range from 0.5 to 1.25 µ diameter and appear to be the small, membrane-bound inclusions described by Ashhurst and Chapman (1962) in their electron-microscope work; these are the smaller lipochondria of Shafiq (1953). The acid-phosphatase-positive bodies range from 1 to 2.5 µ, diameter and seem to be the lamellar aggregates described by Ashhurst and Chapman that are very similar to γ-cytomembranes, and which are the larger lipochondria of Shafiq. It is concluded that the enzyme content of the γ-cytomembranes is very different in this cell from their content in the vertebrate neurone, and doubt is thrown on the usefulness of TPPase activity as a marker for the Golgi apparatus in invertebrate tissue.

scholarly journals GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM OF THE MOUSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HUGON ◽  
D. MAESTRACCI ◽  
D. MÉNARD
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Intestinal Segment ◽  
Median Part

Glucose 6-phosphatase activity has been studied in the mouse intestinal tract using biochemical, cytochemical and cytophotometric methods. The enzyme is present in all segments of the digestive tract including the colon and is essentially localized in the absorbing cells. The maximum of activity is recorded in the middle jejunum. In each intestinal segment, the median part of the villi exhibits the highest reaction. In the epithelial cells, the enzyme is observed in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the nuclear envelope. Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus are always negative. This enzyme appears to be a useful tool to study the regulating mechanisms operating in the differentiating epithelial cells of the intestine after an appropriate stimulation.

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