scholarly journals Forgotten Origins, Occluded Meanings: Translation of Emotion Terms

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Wassmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
French And English ◽  
The 19Th Century

The interdisciplinary field of emotion studies disregarded historical perspectives on translation and left out a substantial body of scientific research on feelings and emotions that was not published in English. Yet these texts were foundational in forging the scientific concept of emotion in experimental psychology in the 19th century. The current approach to emotion science overlooks that translation issues occurred between three languages, German, French, and English, as physiological psychologists at the time were reading each other in these languages all the while writing about the same topics in their respective language. Historical perspectives are important to clarify the ambiguities of emotion terms and include non-Anglophone frameworks into current transdisciplinary debates.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING OF THE APPLIED ART OF ARTSAKH OF THE 19TH CENTURY ON THE PAGES OF THE EASTERN ARMENIAN ERIODICAL PRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10(74)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
M. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Technical Mastery ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Thus, our scientific research led to the conclusion that the applied art which originated in the previous centuries continued to develop along with other branches of the culture of Artsakh in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century.  In this scientific article, we have presented mainly the following branches of the applied arts of Artsakh: carpet weaving, handicrafts, embroidery, silversmithing, pottery. We have mainly presented interesting information about the branches of the applied art which were covered in the periodicals of the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Noting about the carpet weaving of Artsakh, we emphasized that the carpets of that region of Artsakh stood out with their color structure, richness of ornaments, technical mastery. We highlighted the role of handicrafts in the life of Armenian women, emphasizing that this form of the applied art was developed in Artsakh in the Middle Ages. In this article, we also presented a number of pottery samples found during excavations by foreign archaeologists. 

scholarly journals North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Adel Manai
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The World ◽  
French And English ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Vital Element

By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without.  The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period  between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?

scholarly journals THE COURSE OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE UNDER MUHAMMAD-AMIN’S COMMAND IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 50s OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
D S Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century

Liberation struggle of mountaineers of the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century has always been one of the most topical problems in Russian historiography, since an integral, truthful and genuinely scientific concept of the events, which played an important role in the destinies of the peoples of the region, has not been created yet. It is known that the assessment of the Caucasian War has been changed many times. The researchers have misrepresented events and slanted a number of problems in the history of the local peoples and their relationship with Russia. The history of long heroic and at the same time tragic struggle of the mountaineers for freedom and independence is complex and unique. The people’s liberation movement arose due to socio-economic and political situation in the region, although intrigues of emissaries of other states also influenced the mountaineers’ struggle. The main reasons for the people’s liberation struggle appeared in the North-East Caucasus when the socio-political situation in the region had considerably changed. Basing on archival materials and special historical literature, the author of the article analyzes the liberation struggle of the mountaineers of the North-West Caucasus against the tsarist autocracy under the command of Shamil’s Naib Muhammad-Amin. The goal of the article is to trace the course of the people’s liberation struggle in the North-West Caucasus and its legal aspects in terms of both positive and negative sides. The author focuses on administrative and commanding talent of Muhammad-Amin, who managed to rally the mountaineers and organize the people’s liberation movement.

Sewer sediment management: some historical aspects of egg-shaped sewers and flushing tanks

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low flow periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.

Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
First Language ◽  
Population Group ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
French Canada ◽  
European Descent ◽  
French And English ◽  
The 19Th Century

Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French Canada. Many of them married Amerindian women, who were often Cree speaking. Around 1860 the Métis were the largest population group of the Canadian West, many of them multilinguals. From the first decades of the 19th century the Métis started to consider themselves as a separate ethnic group, neither European nor Amerindian (see e.g., Peterson and Brown 1985). The Métis are still a distinct people. The Métis nowadays often speak Cree, Ojibwa, Métif, French and English or a combination of these. They often speak particular varieties of these languages. Not only is the French spoken by the Métis markedly different from other North American French dialects the language called Métif is uniquely spoken among the Métis people. For more information on Métif and Métis languages, see the publications listed in Bakker (1989).

scholarly journals LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BEYRUT IN THE 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Turgay GÖKGÖZ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arab State ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
American University ◽  
American University Of Beirut ◽  
The People ◽  
French And English ◽  
Syrian Protestant College ◽  
The 19Th Century

Throughout history, Beirut has been the habitat of different religions and nations. The people of various nations are made up of Christians and Muslims. Today, it is seen that languages such as Arabic, French and English are among the most spoken languages in Lebanon, where Beirut is located. Looking at Beirut in the 19th century, it was seen that colonial powers such as Britain and France were a conflict area, and at the same time it was one of the centers of Arab nationalism thought against the Ottoman Empire. During the occupation of Mehmet Ali Pasha, missionary schools were allowed to open, as well as cities such as Zahle, Damascus and Aleppo, Jesuit schools were opened in Beirut. With the opening of American Protestant schools, the influence of the relevant schools in the emergence and development of the idea of Arab nationalism is inevitable. Especially in Beirut, it would be appropriate to state that the aim of using languages such as French and English instead of Arabic education in missionary schools is to instill Western culture and to attract students to Christianity. The students of the Syrian Protestant College, who constituted the original of the American University of Beirut, worked against the Ottoman Empire within the society they established and aimed to establish an independent secular Arab state. Beirut comes to the fore especially in areas such as poetry and theater before the “Nahda” movement that started in Egypt during the reign of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The advances that paved the way for the development of modern literature in Beirut before Egypt will find a place in the field of literature later. In this study, it is aimed to present information on literary and cultural activities that took place in Beirut and emphasize the importance of Beirut in modern Arabic literature in the 19th century.

scholarly journals L'arte armena. Storia critica e nuove prospettive Studies in Armenian and Eastern Christian Art 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Ferrari ◽  
Stefano Riccioni ◽  
Marco Ruffilli ◽  
Beatrice Spampinato
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Heritage

Exploration of Armenian art began in the 19th century with French, Russian, German, Finnish, Austrian and Armenian art historians, and continued into the 20th century primarily with Russian, Armenian, Ukrainian, American and Italian scholars, who brought to the attention of a large public – not only of academics –, the artistic heritage of a territory that goes beyond the borders of present-day Armenia and encompasses an area known as Subcaucasia, a term used to indicate the regions from the South Caucasus to Anatolia, Iran and Upper Mesopotamia. Interest in Armenian art, from illuminated manuscripts to khachkars and architecture, has grown in the last twenty years, a fact that provided the knowledge of these works of art with a global dimension. The book illustrates the characteristics, themes and methods of the various research paths, sprouting from different historiographical traditions. In other words, the volume intends to trace a map capable of orientating the reader among the artistic and cultural phenomena of this complex territory, thus offering different keys to understanding them and also useful insights for future scientific research.

INSTITUTE OF LEVIRATE IN INDIVIDUAL MOUNTAIN SOCIETIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (ERRORS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тимур Султанович Габазов
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Message ◽  
The 19Th Century

В данной статье приводятся примеры исторического искажения некоторых правовых институтов возникновения семейных правоотношений между чеченцами и возникшего в результате заблуждения. Выдающиеся российские кавказоведы второй половины XIX века относят широкое распространение левирата у чеченцев как одну из основных форм брака. Основным из посылов научного исследования будет являться постижение данной проблематики с учетом более глубокого критического изучения и анализа уже существующих работ в области кавказоведения, а также через прямые векторы информации - через непосредственных носителей информации, самих представителей традиционного общества. This article provides examples of the historical distortion of some legal institutions of the emergence of family legal relations between Chechens and the resulting delusion. Prominent Russian Caucasian scholars of the second half of the 19th century consider the widespread use of levirate among Chechens as one of the main forms of marriage. The main message of scientific research will be the comprehension of this problem, taking into account a deeper critical study and analysis of already existing works in the field of Caucasian studies, as well as through direct vectors of information - through direct carriers of information, representatives of traditional society themselves.

Role of the method in pathology

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
F. Y. Chistovich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The 19Th Century

The rapid development of pathology, which began in the second half of the 19th century and continues to the present time, was the result of the improvement of the microscope and the introduction of the experimental method into scientific research. The significance of these two fundamental foundations of modern scientific progress is clear to everyone; a good illustration is the tremendous impetus that Cohnheim's pathology received in 1867.

Kearifan Tempatan Mengenai Kapur Barus (Cinnamomum Camphora) Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Budaya Masyarakat Melayu Abad ke 19m

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Widus Sempo ◽  
Nurulwahidah Fauzi ◽  
Robiatul Adawiyah Mohd @ Amat ◽  
Norzulaili Mohd Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Medical Manuscripts

Nowadays, Camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora) and its' benefits from various aspects of life has been explained scientifically by scholars. Interestingly, Camphor is reported as one of the major trading commodities and is a backbone of Islamic development in the early 14th century in the archipelago. This study seeks to achieve three main objectives: i) examining Quran and Prophetic Tradition's perspective on Camphor and its' relationship with the archipelago community, and ii) studying the local wisdom of Malay people related to Camphor inside Malay medical manuscripts, and iii) analyzing the benefits of Camphor according to scientific research. To achieve these three objectives, the authors extract data from Quranic verses and hadiths related to Camphor. Subsequently, local wisdom regarding the use of camphor is generated from Malay medical manuscripts. All of these sources are analyzed through a comprehensive study to present a deep understanding. The study found that camphor mixed with other herbs to treat illnesses has been practised long ago by the Malay community, especially in the 19th century, and this is in line with Islamic practices that showed the efficacy of camphor.

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