scholarly journals Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Lovre ◽  
Sarah H. Lindsey ◽  
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The World

The world population is aging, and women will spend an increasing share of their lives in a postmenopausal state that predisposes to metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women is likely to increase dramatically. This article summarizes the effects of menopause in predisposing to components of MetS including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). We also summarize the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in reversing these metabolic alterations and discuss therapeutic advances of novel menopausal treatment on metabolic function.

scholarly journals Inflammation as a Link between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faloia Emanuela ◽  
Michetti Grazia ◽  
De Robertis Marco ◽  
Luconi Maria Paola ◽  
Furlani Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory State

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main features determining the negative cardiovascular profile in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to highlight the central role of obesity in the development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions. It is thought that the starting signal of this inflammation is overfeeding and the pathway origins in all the metabolic cells; the subsequent increase in cytokine production recruits immune cells in the extracellular environment inducing an overall systemic inflammation. This paper focuses on the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms studied until now.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Gorman ◽  
Robyn M. Lucas ◽  
Aidan Allen-Hall ◽  
Naomi Fleury ◽  
Martin Feelisch
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
The World

Obesity prevalence is increasing around the world; however, the causes are not known. Here, we discuss moderate sun exposure as a potential modifier of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, with a focus on sun-induced mediators such as vitamin D and nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Visceral Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie A. Elliott ◽  
John V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represents an exemplar of obesity-associated carcinogenesis, with a progressive increase in EAC risk with increased body mass index. In this context, there is increased focus on visceral adipose tissue and associated metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, or combinations of these in the metabolic syndrome. Visceral obesity (VO) may promote EAC via both directly impacting on gastro-esophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, as well as via reflux-independent effects, involving adipokines, growth factors, insulin resistance, and the microbiome. In this review these pathways are explored, including the impact of VO on the tumor microenvironment, and on cancer outcomes. The current evidence-based literature regarding the role of dietary, lifestyle, pharmacologic and surgical interventions to modulate the risk of EAC is explored.

scholarly journals Assessing and Managing the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. DeBoer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with insulin resistance and are driven by underlying factors, including visceral obesity, systemic inflammation, and cellular dysfunction. These risks increasingly begin in childhood and adolescence and are associated with a high likelihood of future chronic disease in adulthood. Efforts should be made at both recognition of this metabolic risk, screening for potential associated Type 2 diabetes, and targeting affected individuals for appropriate treatment with an emphasis on lifestyle modification. Effective interventions have been linked to reductions in MetS—and in adults, reductions in the severity of MetS have been linked to reduced diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Menopausal metabolic syndrome and the risks of menopausal hormone therapy: the solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
A.E. Esedova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Urudzheva ◽  
I.Yu. Il’ina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Early Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Climacteric is a physiological period of woman’s life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until the end of ovarian function. This period is commonly accompanied by the development of menopausal metabolic syndrome characterized by the increase in visceral fat mass, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia which result in the disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and purine metabolism. This paper reviews the factors increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome during menopause. Diagnostic techniques for metabolic syndrome are described. Treatment approaches to menopausal metabolic syndrome, the potentialities and specifics of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), its anticipated effects are discussed. The difficulties with MHT are accounted for by the lack of an optimal medication which will maintain the functioning of cardiovascular system, skeletal system, brain, and optimal weight and also has a minimal risk of side effects and complications. Meanwhile, adequate MHT for climacteric disorders in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women is an effective and safe treatment for menopausal metabolic syndrome considered as a prerequisite for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. KEYWORDS: menopause, climax, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, menopausal hormone therapy, venous thromboembolism. FOR CITATION: Esedova A.E., Urudzheva N.G., Il’ina I.Yu. Menopausal metabolic syndrome and the risks of menopausal hormone therapy: the solutions. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):260–266. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-260-266.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in never treated mood disordered patientss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Valerie Taylor ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder and major depression are life-shortening illnesses. Unnatural causes such as suicide and accidents account for only a portion of this premature mortality1 Research is beginning to identify that mood disordered patients have a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, an illness characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and obesity.2 Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for a variety of physical illnesses. Hypothesis: Never treated patients with mood disorders have preexisting elevations in the prevalence of the component variables of metabolic syndrome. Central obesity will be especially elevated, predicting increased premature mortality. Methods: We assessed never treated patients with mood disorders for metabolic syndrome and its component variables. Patients were assessed at baseline and followed up at 6-month intervals. All psychiatric pharmacotherapy was documented. Body mass index (BMI) was also obtained and the percentage of deaths attributable to overweight and obesity was calculated using the population attributable risk (PAR). [PAR= ∑[P (RR-1)/RR] Results: Prior to the initiation of treatment, patients did not differ from population norms with respect to metabolic syndrome or BMI. At 2-year follow-up, BMI had increased for unipolar patients 2.02 points and 1.92 points for bipolar patients. (p < .001) This increase in BMI predicted an increase in mortality of 19.4%. Conclusion: An increase in visceral obesity is often the first component of metabolic syndrome to appear and may indicate the initiation of this disease process prematurely in this group. The increase in BMI places patients with mood disorders at risk for premature mortality and indicates a need for early intervention. References 1.Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A & Sparen P. Excess mortability in bipolar and Unipolar disorder rin Sweden. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001;58: 844-850 2.Toalson P, Saeeduddin A, Hardy T & Kabinoff G. The metabolic syndrome in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004; 6(4): 152-158

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

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