scholarly journals Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Gorman ◽  
Robyn M. Lucas ◽  
Aidan Allen-Hall ◽  
Naomi Fleury ◽  
Martin Feelisch
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
The World

Obesity prevalence is increasing around the world; however, the causes are not known. Here, we discuss moderate sun exposure as a potential modifier of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, with a focus on sun-induced mediators such as vitamin D and nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a one sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Jingyi Lv ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Lunwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomization Analysis

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. However, it is unclear whether a low concentration of vitamin D is the cause or consequence of these health conditions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D concentrations and its genetic risk scores (GRSs) with MS and its component diseases, such as T2D, in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural eastern China. Methods A subset of 2393 middle-aged and elderly individuals were selected from 70,458 participants of the Nantong Chronic Diseases Study of 2017–2018 in China. We used two 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) synthesis single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657) and two 25(OH) D metabolism SNPs (GC-rs2282679 and CYP24A1-rs6013897) for creating GRSs, which were used as instrumental variables to assess the effect of genetically lowered 25(OH) D concentrations on MS and T2D based on the Wald ratio. F statistics were used to validate that the four SNPs genetically determined 25(OH) D concentrations. Results Compared to vitamin D sufficient individuals, individuals with vitamin D insufficiency had an odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval {CI}]) of MS of 1.30 (1.06–1.61) and of T2D of 1.32 (1.08–1.64), individuals with vitamin D deficiency had an ORs (95% CI) of MS of 1.50 (1.24–1.79) and of T2D of 1.47 (1.12–1.80), and those with vitamin D severe deficiency had an ORs (95% CI) of MS of 1.52 (1.29–1.85) and of T2D of 1.54 (1.27–1.85). Mendelian randomization analysis showed a 25-nmol/L decrease in genetically instrumented serum 25(OH) D concentrations using the two synthesis SNPs (DHCR7 and CYP2R1 genes) associated with the risk of T2D and abnormal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with ORs of 1.10 (95%CI: 1.02–1.45) for T2D and 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03–1.43) for DBP. Conclusions This one sample Mendelian randomization analysis shows genetic evidence for a causal role of lower 25(OH) D concentrations in promoting of T2D and abnormal DBP in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural China.

scholarly journals Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Lovre ◽  
Sarah H. Lindsey ◽  
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The World

The world population is aging, and women will spend an increasing share of their lives in a postmenopausal state that predisposes to metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women is likely to increase dramatically. This article summarizes the effects of menopause in predisposing to components of MetS including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). We also summarize the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in reversing these metabolic alterations and discuss therapeutic advances of novel menopausal treatment on metabolic function.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios G. Pittas ◽  
Joseph Lau ◽  
Frank B. Hu ◽  
Bess Dawson-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Interval Type

Abstract Context: Altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Evidence Acquisition and Analyses: MEDLINE review was conducted through January 2007 for observational studies and clinical trials in adults with outcomes related to glucose homeostasis. When data were available to combine, meta-analyses were performed, and summary odds ratios (OR) are presented. Evidence Synthesis: Observational studies show a relatively consistent association between low vitamin D status, calcium or dairy intake, and prevalent type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR (95% confidence interval): type 2 DM prevalence, 0.36 (0.16–0.80) among nonblacks for highest vs. lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D; metabolic syndrome prevalence, 0.71 (0.57–0.89) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. There are also inverse associations with incident type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR (95% confidence interval): type 2 DM incidence, 0.82 (0.72–0.93) for highest vs. lowest combined vitamin D and calcium intake; 0.86 (0.79–0.93) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. Evidence from trials with vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation suggests that combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation may have a role in the prevention of type 2 DM only in populations at high risk (i.e. glucose intolerance). The available evidence is limited because most observational studies are cross-sectional and did not adjust for important confounders, whereas intervention studies were short in duration, included few subjects, used a variety of formulations of vitamin D and calcium, or did post hoc analyses. Conclusions: Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency may negatively influence glycemia, whereas combined supplementation with both nutrients may be beneficial in optimizing glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Severity of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and High Rates of Sun Exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMED.S39427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gondim ◽  
Ana Caribé ◽  
Karine Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Alexandre Dantas Segundo ◽  
Francisco Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum 25Ohd ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence shows that patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations have a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. Objective The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D as a predictor of the severity in diabetics with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A total of 166 patients were diagnosed with ACS. Serum 25OHD concentrations were analyzed, and risk factors for ACS were evaluated. Results Patients diagnosed as having acute myocardial infarction with elevation of the ST segment had a higher rate of 25OHD, <20 ng/mL compared to ≤30 ng/mL (47.8% × 13.4%, P = 0.03). Diabetics with vitamin D deficiency had more multivessel lesions in the coronary angiography than non-diabetics (69% × 31.8%, P = 0.007). After adjustments for confounders, serum 25OHD remained associated with more severe disease. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with more severe ACS and is a predictor of more extensive coronary lesions in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Jingyi Lv ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Lunwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Randomization Analysis

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common around the world, but the association between vitamin D deficiency with metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is unclear.Methods: A subset of 2393 participants from the Nantong Chronic Diseases Study (NCDS) of 2017-2018 were included in this study.The risk of MS and its associated diseases from low vitamin D levels were assessed by genetic scores using two 25(OH)D synthesis single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657), one transport SNP (GC-rs2282679) and one catabolism SNP (CYP24A1-rs6013897).Results: Odds Ratios (ORs) for decreased risk of MS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was 0.73 and 0.79 in the deficient, 0.53 and 0.67 in the insufficient, and 0.54 and 0.60 in the sufficient categories of serum vitamin D levels, respectively. Mendelian randomization analysis showed per 25nmol/L higher genetically instrumented serum 25(OH)D concentration using the two synthesis SNPs: DHCR7+CYP2R1 genes, associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D. The highest tertile vs the lowest tertile of genetic scores using the three SNPs of DHCR7+CYP2R1+GC genes showed a 10% lower risk of T2D. Also, the group with higher genetic scores among these two and three SNPs were both associated with lower risk of abnormal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.0162 and 0.0045 respectively).Conclusions: Our Mendelian randomization analysis showed no genetic evidence for a causal role of lower vitamin D level in the development of MS, but showed a causal role in the development of T2D and DBP in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural China.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes in Iranian Subjects: No Association with Observed SNPs

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani ◽  
Abolghassem Djazayery
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor Gene ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms

Abstract.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in Iranian subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and methods: Overall, 730 Iranian subjects (372 patients and 358 controls) were enrolled in this case-control study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The statistical difference in genotype distribution among the groups was assessed by χ2 test. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios for the association of the genotype frequencies in different groups with the risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Results: The most common genotypes for BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI were Bb, Aa, TT, and FF, respectively. Adjusted χ2 test revealed that there was no difference between the groups in the genotypes frequencies of 4 vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes subjects. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes subjects with Tt genotype presented a signifi cantly higher fasting blood glucose than those with TT and tt genotypes in TaqI polymorphisms (p = 0.009). Logistic regression showed no association between metabolic syndrome risk and vitamin D receptor genotypes. Conclusion: We found no evidence for the association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Iranian subjects. Further examinations using genome-wide association in large prospective cohort studies are warranted.

Excessive use of antipsychotics as a global problem of clinical medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Yuriy Sivolap ◽  
Anna Portnova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Off Label ◽  
The World

In recent decades in many regions of the world there has been an increase in prescribing antipsychotics, including for children and adolescents, and in many cases the drugs are used off label, in patients without diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychoses and bipolar disorder or — in child and adolescent practice — without severe behavioral disorders. In addition, antipsychotics are often prescribed at excessive doses, and antipsychotic therapy is not accompanied by proper monitoring of physiological functions and laboratory parameters. The metabolic effects of antipsychotics contribute to weight gain, obesity and metabolic syndrome, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases development. Children and adolescents, as well as young adults, are particularly vulnerable to the undesirable metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. The deterioration of physical health due to side effects of antipsychotics is one of the reasons for reducing life expectancy in patients with mental disorders.

Vitamins and their derivatives in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome diseases (diabetes),

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

A cluster of inter-related conditions such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and hypertension is referred to as Metabolic Syndrome, which is a risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes. The micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes contribute to its morbidity and mortality. In addition to its calcitropic effect, vitamin D is a regulator of gene expression as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Various cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies have indicated a beneficial effect from vitamin D supplementation on the development of type-2 diabetes. Binding of retinol-bound retinol-binding protein to a membrane-binding protein suppresses insulin signaling. All-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, reverses these effects, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, suppression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) gene, and the induction of the glucokinase gene. Glucokinase and PEPCK are also regulated in opposite directions by the vitamin biotin, acting at the transcriptional level. Biotin also regulates the synthesis of insulin by the islet of Langerhans cells of the pancreas. The increase in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is implicated in the initiation and progression of diabetes-associated microvascular diseases. Benfotiamine, a derivative of thiamine, and pyridoxamine, a vitamer of vitamin B6, both have anti-AGE properties, making them valuable therapeutic adjuvants in the treatment of diabetic complications. Thus, various vitamins and their derivatives have profound therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document