Accident modeling and risk assessment framework for safety critical decision-making: application to deepwater drilling operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samith Rathnayaka ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Paul Amayotte
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Deepwater Drilling ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Severity Levels

Rising global energy demand is encouraging oil companies to invest in deepwater drilling. However, there are numerous engineering and safety challenges involved in this activity. The BP Deepwater Horizon accident (Macondo well blowout) has raised serious concerns about the safety of deepwater drilling. The major reasons for such a catastrophic blowout event are the lack of continuous assessment of risk and the lack of risk-based decision making to take timely and adequate preventive actions. The present work proposes an accident modeling and risk assessment framework based on accident precursors (early warnings). This framework uses the system hazard identification, prediction and prevention methodology to model the unwanted situation. The proposed risk assessment framework generates results that can be used to: (1) analyze the dynamic performance of safety barriers, (2) analyze the probability of occurrence of different severity levels, (3) analyze the dynamic risk profile of different severity levels and the aggregated risk profile, and (4) help to make safety-critical decisions based on aggregated risk profile. The present work provides an assessment of offshore deepwater drilling risk assessment and a basis to make timely and precise safety critical decisions. The risk assessment methodology is demonstrated on the Macondo well blowout accident. This case study highlighted the applicability and advantages of using the proposed method in drilling operations.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Bae ◽  
Hoonjeong Kwon ◽  
Jooyoun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Hazard Characterization ◽  
Post Market

Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. However, the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and post-market risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and post-market surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

Multi-agency child protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Julia Stroud ◽  
Chris Warren-Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Actuarial Risk

Public concern over, and recent developments in, the field of child protection are well known (Munro 2012). Within these developments, there has been a strengthening of the role of social work with an increased focus on, and recognition of, professional knowledge, skills and ‘expert’ decision making (Munro 2011; Gilbert et al. 2011). Focus on inter-professional and multi-agency practice has developed alongside (Frost and Lloyd 2006; Frost and Robinson 2007; Ruch 2009), and continues to have a clear focus in the recently issued Working Together to Safeguard Children (H.M. Government 2013).This paper enquires into a relatively under-explored area of multi-agency child protection practice, specifically, that of the police (that is,. non-specialists in child protection) making an urgent, first response to a child protection call, often out of hours and without immediate recourse to the expertise and knowledge of child protection practitioners. In these situations, the police are called upon to make key decisions: for example, whether to immediately protect and remove children using police protection powers (Section 46(1) Children Act 1989), to refer on to local authority social services for a s47 investigation or s17 services, or to take no further action. There is exploration of the issues raised by a request from the police to develop an assessment framework as an aid to practice in these situations. The police had in mind an equivalent instrument to a domestic abuse framework already adopted by them. The paper reviews debates, particularly about predictive efficacy, in the construction of assessment and decision-making tools. The nature and distinction between consensus based and actuarial risk assessment instruments are examined, as are challenges for general multi-agency working, alongside the specific challenges for front line police officers. It is proposed that a consensus based assessment framework to support decision making, drawing on empirically tested, actuarially informed risk assessment evidence, which is collaboratively tested with a multi-agency group, is indicated.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: a Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Bae ◽  
Hoonjeong Kwon ◽  
Jooyoun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Hazard Characterization ◽  
Conservative Estimation

Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. Yet the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and postmarket risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and postmarket surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

Analysis of PSA Conservative Assumptions’ Impact on Risk Profile for Armenian NPP Unit 2

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahen Poghosyan ◽  
Armen Amirjanyan ◽  
Surik Bznuni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Risk Assessment ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Power Operation ◽  
The Impact

PSA is a powerful tool for detailed risk assessment and risk-informed decision making. The main deliverables from PSA models is comparative risk assessment of different risk contributors including systems, components, IEs, etc. Risk-informed decision making process is based on obtained risk profile. In comparison with deterministic approach conservatism included in PSA models could lead to deformation of risk profile which will bring to inappropriate decision making based on PSA results. This paper presents analysis done for Armenian NPP PSA study in order to assess the impact of conservative assumptions on final risk profile coming from potential internal initiating events at full power operation.

Impact evaluation of human-made hazards on terrestrial transport infrastructure assets: modelling variables and failure modes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neryvaldo Galvão ◽  
Hélder S. Sousa ◽  
José C. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence

<p>This work provides an overview of human-made hazards impact on the malfunctioning of terrestrial transportation systems. The impacts evaluation is gathered in four major groups, specifically: human, economic, environmental and political/social impacts. For further characterization or forecast of human-made hazards impact in real case scenarios, a traditional risk assessment framework is proposed by assuming four main steps: i) hazard identification; ii) probability of occurrence; iii) asset vulnerability; iv) impacts. The present work was carried within the SAFEWAY project, which aims at improving the resilience of transport infrastructures, developing a holistic toolset with transversal application to anticipate and mitigate the effects of extreme events at all modes of disaster cycle.</p>

scholarly journals Structured benefit–risk evaluation for medicinal products: review of quantitative benefit–risk assessment findings in the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204209862097695
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Kürzinger ◽  
Ludivine Douarin ◽  
Ievgeniia Uzun ◽  
Chantal El-Haddad ◽  
William Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Balance ◽  
Device Approval

A favorable benefit–risk profile remains an essential requirement for marketing authorization of medicinal drugs and devices. Furthermore, prior subjective, implicit and inconsistent ad hoc benefit–risk assessment methods have rightly evolved towards more systematic, explicit or “structured” approaches. Contemporary structured benefit–risk evaluation aims at providing an objective assessment of the benefit–risk profile of medicinal products and a higher transparency for decision making purposes. The use of a descriptive framework should be the preferred starting point for a structured benefit–risk assessment. In support of more precise assessments, quantitative and semi-quantitative methodologies have been developed and utilized to complement descriptive or qualitative frameworks in order to facilitate the structured evaluation of the benefit–risk profile of medicinal products. In addition, quantitative structured benefit–risk analysis allows integration of patient preference data. Collecting patient perspectives throughout the medical product development process has become increasingly important and key to the regulatory decision-making process. Both industry and regulatory authorities increasingly rely on descriptive structured benefit–risk evaluation and frameworks in drug, vaccine and device evaluation and comparison. Although varied qualitative methods are more commonplace, quantitative approaches have recently been emphasized. However, it is unclear how frequently these quantitative frameworks have been used by pharmaceutical companies to support submission dossiers for drug approvals or to respond to the health authorities’ requests. The objective of this study has been to identify and review, for the first time, currently available, published, structured, quantitative benefit–risk evaluations which may have informed health care professionals and/or payor as well as contributed to decision making purposes in the regulatory setting for drug, vaccine and/or device approval. Plain language summary Quantitative evaluation of the benefit–risk balance for medicinal products The review of the benefits and the risks associated with a medicinal product is called benefit–risk assessment. One of the conditions for a medicinal product to receive marketing authorization is to demonstrate a positive benefit–risk balance in which the benefits outweigh the risks. In order to enhance the transparency and consistency in the assessment of benefit–risk balance, frameworks and quantitative methods have been developed for decision making purposes and regulatory approvals of medicinal products. This article considers published quantitative benefit–risk evaluations which may have informed health care professionals and/or payor as well as contributed to decision making purposes in the regulatory setting for drug, vaccine and/or device approval.

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