scholarly journals SELECTIVE STAINING OF NERVOUS TISSUE FOR LIGHT MICROSCOPY FOLLOWING PREPARATION FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 808-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILLIAN R. BERKOWITZ ◽  
OLGA FIORELLO ◽  
LAWRENCE KRUGER ◽  
DAVID S. MAXWELL
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver ◽  
Good Contrast

The suitability and selectivity of several dyes have been tested on plastic-embedded sections of nervous tissue (0.5-1 µ) prepared for electron microscopy. Methods for plastic extraction and selective staining are described which provide satisfactory differentiation of principle cytologic features with good contrast and clarity of detail. The introduction of a hematoxylin "lake" has achieved the differential staining of oligodendroglia and astrocytes in cerebral cortex. The argyrophilia of cells and cell structure following 10-20% silver nitrate or silver nitrate in combination with ammoniacal silver permits identification of axon terminals.

MICROCHROMOSOMES OF THE ONTARIO RED FOX (VULPES VULPES): AN ATTEMPT AT CHARACTERIZATION

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ellenton ◽  
P. K. Basrur
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

Characterization of the microchromosomes of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes Linn., was attempted through the examination of mitotic chromosomes using Giemsa banding, quinacrine banding, the silver nitrate-ammoniacal silver technique for staining nucleolar organizers, and autoradiographic procedures. Pachytene cells were examined in air-dried and squash meiotic preparations and in testicular tissue sectioned for light and electron microscopy. The results of banding procedures on mitotic chromosomes and the staining properties of the microchromosomes at pachytene indicated that the microchromosomes likely contain both heterochromatin and euchromatin. Autoradiographic analysis showed that the microchromosomes replicate during mid S phase while the Y chromosome, which is in the size range of the microchromosomes, replicates during late S phase. From these observations, it would appear that the microchromosomes may not be exclusively heterochromatic as hypothesized previously. With the use of the silver nitrate-ammoniacal silver technique, the presence of nucleolar regions were detected on specific macrochromosomes but not on any of the microchromosomes. Examination of pachytene chromosomes in air-dried and squash preparations, and of testicular tissue sectioned for light and electron microscopy, also indicated that the microchromosomes may not be involved in the organization of the nucleolus in the red fox.

Selective staining of glycogen by ammoniacal silver nitrate: A new method

1944 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Mitchell ◽  
George B. Wislocki
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

A rapid silver-impregnation technique on ultra-thin sections for Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
R.C. Heusser ◽  
M.L. Jones ◽  
R.L. Van de Velde
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Centrifuge Tube ◽  
Simplified Procedure

Silver impregnation techniques have been used for the demonstration of the complex carbohydrates in electron microscopy. However, the silver stains were believed to be technically sensitive and time consumming to perform. Currently, due to the need to more specifically evaluate immune complex for localization in certain renal diseases, a simplified procedure in conjunction with the use of the microwave has been developed and applied to renal and other biopsies. The procedure is as follows:Preparation of silver methenamine solution:1. 15ml graduated, clear polystyrene centrifuge tube (Falcon, No. 2099) was rinsed once with distilled water.2. 3% hexamethylene tetramine (methenamine) was added into the centrifuge tube to the 6ml mark.3. 3% silver nitrate was added slowly to the methenamine to the 7ml mark while agitating. (Solution will instantly turn milky in color and then clear rapidly by mixing. No precipitate should be formed).4. 2% sodium borate was added to the solution to the 8ml mark, mixed and centrifuged before use.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Jingzhong Chen ◽  
Deng Wang ◽  
Bingli Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Physiological Indexes

Abstract Background Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit is used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has a high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate is extremely low under natural and artificial conditions. As the foundation of plant propagation, seed germination involves a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes; however, the molecular events and systematic changes occurring during C. migao seed germination remain unclear. Results In this study, combined with the changes in physiological indexes and transcription levels, we revealed the regulation characteristics of cell structures, storage substances, and antioxidant capacity during seed germination. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that abundant smooth and full oil bodies were present in the cotyledons of the seeds. With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80–90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting important development and physiological changes. The unigenes involved in material metabolism (glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism) and energy supply pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were differentially expressed in the four germination stages. Among these DEGs, a small number of genes in the energy supply pathway at the initial stage of germination maintained high level of expression to maintain seed vigor and germination ability. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were firstly activated at a large scale in the LK (seed coat fissure) stage, and then genes involved in carbohydrates (CHO) metabolism were activated, which had their own species specificity. Conclusions Our study revealed the transcriptional levels of genes and the sequence of their corresponding metabolic pathways during seed germination. The changes in cell structure and physiological indexes also confirmed these events. Our findings provide a foundation for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE "STAINING" FOR ELECTRON MICROGRAPHY

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Mudd ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Electron Micrography ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Microchemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Selective Chemical

The physical basis of contrast and image formation in electron micrography is considered in relation to the possibility of recording selective chemical effects on cell components. A technology of selective microchemical analysis, equivalent to differential staining, is suggested as practicable in electron micrography. Electron pictures of bacteria after exposure to salts of heavy metals have shown the bacterial inner protoplasm, but not the cell walls, to be selectively darkened; shrinkage, coagulation, or escape of protoplasm from the injured cells may result and be recorded in the electron micrographs. Recording of the action of germicidal agents on individual bacterial cells is indicated as one promising field of application of microchemical analysis with the aid of the electron microscope.

scholarly journals Odontoblast processes in dentin revealed by fluorescent Di-I.

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Byers ◽  
A Sugaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Carbocyanine Dyes ◽  
Carbocyanine Dye ◽  
Reparative Dentin ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Odontoblast Process ◽  
Odontoblast Processes ◽  
Rat Molars

There has been controversy about the length and structure of the odontoblast process within dentin since the earliest histologic studies of teeth. Our objective was to use the fluorescent carbocyanine dye Di-I combined with a new gelatin embedment procedure and confocal microscopy to determine the structure and extent of odontoblast processes in developing and mature rat teeth, injured rat molars, reparative dentin, and adult monkey teeth. We found that odontoblast processes do not extend into outer dentin or to the dentin-enamel junction except during early stages of development. Those in innervated regions of crown are long and straight, whereas those in roots are extensively branched and shorter. Cavity injury to crown dentin caused odontoblast fragments to be aspirated into outer dentin. In reparative dentin the odontoblast processes were branched and similar to those in roots. We used photoconversion and electron microscopy to show that Di-I fills the entire odontoblast after gelatin embedment, including the cytoplasm. This is a different type of carbocyanine staining from any previously reported, and it also stains other cells in adjacent hard tissues such as bone and cementum. The Di-I-gelatin method is a new way to use carbocyanine dyes. It has enabled us to solve a long-standing controversy about the histology of teeth, and it should be useful for many other studies of cell structure.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Vacuum Evaporated CdCl2 Doped Cadmium Sulphide Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Ram Kishore ◽  
Venkatram Korapati ◽  
W.D. Brown ◽  
H.A. Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cds Films

CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells are being investigated extensively these days by many workers as an option for low cost photovoltaic applications . In order to achieve high efficiency solar cell it is important that the CdS film should have minimum possible structural defects and reasonably large grain size. The CdS films for CdTe/ CdS solar cell structure are mostly grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). Although adherent, transparent and conformal films with index of refraction close to single crystal CdS can be grown by CBD, impurity inclusions and micropinholes are a problem there in. Very little work has been carried out to grow CdS films by thermal evaporation in vacuum. In the present work we have grown pure and CdCl2 doped CdS films on glass substrates by thermal evaporation and carried out microstructural investigations of these films using scanning electron microscopy.Corning 7059 glass of 25.4 x 25.4 x 1.2 mm size were used as substrates for the deposition of CdS as well as CdCl2 doped CdS films.

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