Relationship between physical and mechanical properties of accelerated weathering and outdoor weathering of PVC-coated membrane material under tensile stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Xiuting Jiang ◽  
Jiyong Hu ◽  
Fangjuan Wang ◽  
Chun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Whiteness Index ◽  
Carbonyl Index ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coated Membrane ◽  
Outdoor Weathering

To estimate the photo-oxidation aging performance of PVC-coated membrane material in atmospheric conditions under tensile stresses, the relationship between physical and mechanical properties under accelerated weathering test and outdoor weathering test is studied with the same cumulative UV radiation energy. And then, both tensile strength and whiteness index were measured and compared to characterize the property change of membrane material after aging under four different tensile stresses (0%, 5%, 10% and 20% of the breaking strength), respectively. In addition, FTIR spectrometry was applied to characterize the chemical components of the samples under different weathering conditions, and the carbonyl index was extracted. The results show that there were significant differences of tensile strength and carbonyl index between two kinds of aging conditions, whereas with the increasing tensile stresses, the whiteness index represented a consistent increasing deviation of accelerated weathering from the outdoor weathering. However, the relationship have been built between both whiteness index and tensile strength retention of accelerated weathering and those of outdoor weathering conditions after a Schwarzschild’s modification. Therefore, the service lifespan of PVC-coated membrane materials can be evaluated by accelerated weathering tests under tensile stresses.

Investigation of the Influence of Heat Treatment on the Strength of FGRP Used in Sandwich Constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Protsenko ◽  
Daria P. Malysheva ◽  
Victor V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the data of an experimental study on how heat treatment influences the physical and mechanical properties of cured samples of sandwich structures. The sandwich structures were made using VaRTM method. Heat treatment at 80 °С and 60 °С leads to increase in the bending strength. Three-point bend tests of sandwich structures and FGRP were conducted. Also, hardness and tensile strength were determined. Heat treatment results in increase of bending stress of FGRP by 71%, via the the tensile strength of heat-treated FGRP increased by 78%. The results characterize the relationship between the durability and the temperature and exposure time of the sandwich structures. The results correlate with the data of swelling of the cured binder. As a result of heat treatment at 80 °С for 4 hours, the extent of swelling decreased by 14%. The heat treatment of sandwich structures at a temperature of 80 °С for 4 hours is optimal and leads to increase in the tensile strength by 30.7%.

Effects of UV Irradiation on the Molecular Structure and Tensile Properties of Nucleated Polypropylene

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Ji Tao ◽  
Gan Xin Jie ◽  
Xiao Dong Zhang ◽  
Li Fen Hu ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Carbonyl Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Retention

A sorbitolum compound and an aryl amide compound were applied to prepare α-nucleated PP (α-PP) and β-nucleated PP (β-PP), respectively. Effects of UV irradiation on the molecular structure and tensile properties of pure PP, α-PP and β-PP were investigated. The relationship of tensile strength with carbonyl index was discussed. The change of relative content of β-modification in β-PP during photodegradation was examined by WAXD. The carbonyl index calculated from FTIR spectra arranged as α-PP > PP > β-PP, however, the tensile strength retention at the UV irradiation time of 792h arranged as PP > β-PP > α-PP. The relative content of β-crystal nearly unchanged during the photodegradation.

scholarly journals Study of Natural and Accelerated Weathering on Mechanical Properties of Antioxidants Modified Low Density Polyethylene Films for Greenhouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman Al Othman ◽  
Shan Faiz ◽  
Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Life Effectiveness ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Outdoor Weathering

Natural and accelerated weatherings were studied to inspect the effect of antioxidants to protect low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films for commercial application as greenhouse covering materials in Saudi Arabia. In this investigation, six different formulations of LDPE film with incorporation of antioxidants were prepared and compared with neat LDPE. The samples were extruded and blown into a film using twin-screw extruder and film blowing machine. The LDPE films were exposed for outdoor weathering in Riyadh during the period of 90 days (mid of June to mid of September) while the accelerated tests were performed by Weather-Ometer. The film having 0.2 wt% Alkanox-240 (AN-0.2) stabilizers showed the highest tensile strength among all samples during natural and 100-hour accelerated weathering (10.9 MPa and 21.8 MPa, resp.). The best elongation at break was witnessed in 0.2% Good-rite antioxidants which were 64% in natural weathering; however, 0.5% Good-rite antioxidants showed 232% in accelerated weathering. The film having 0.5 wt% Good-rite 3114 (GR-0.5) antioxidant could withstand 70 days during natural exposure before the tensile strength values were reduced to 2/3rd of the initial. The present study suggested that the addition of antioxidants Good-rite, Anox, and Alkanox can improve the mechanical strength, film’s life, effectiveness, and stability and they are suitable to be incorporated in LDPE for commercial greenhouse films.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene with Copper Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
M. V. Klychnikova ◽  
Kyaw Ye Ko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flow State ◽  
In Situ Preparation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

In this work, it is shown that the method of the in situ preparation of Cu/LLDPE by combining the formation of a composite and a nanodispersed phase in the viscous-flow state of a polymer makes it possible to achieve a uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the matrix and effectively regulate their mechanical and functional properties. The optimal concentration of Cu nanofiller was found to be 2-5%, allowing to achieve the best mechanical properties. Comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of Cu/LLDPE nanocomposites obtained by various methods shows that the deformation and strength characteristics of the 3CuLLDPE nanocomposite obtained by the in situ method are improved in comparison with the properties of the 3CuLLDPE nanocomposite, prepared by ex situ method. The relationship between the filler content and the modulus of elasticity/tensile strength has been determined. With an increase in the filler content, the elastic modulus increases by 10-20%, and the tensile strength decreases by 30%. Elongation at break for samples with nanofiller content up to 3 wt. % higher than unfilled polymer

Investigation of the Influence of Heat Treatment on the Strength of Sandwich Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 926 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Protsenko ◽  
Daria P. Malisheva ◽  
Victor V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the data of an experimental study on how heat treatment influences the physical and mechanical properties of cured samples of sandwich structures. The sandwich structures were made using VaRTM method. Heat treatment at 80 °С and 60 °С leads to increase in the tensile strength. Three-point bend tests were conducted. The results characterize the relationship between the durability and the temperature and exposure time of the sandwich structures. The results correlate with the data of structural studies of fracture cross-sections and research on the extent of swelling of the cured binder. The SEM micrographs of the microstrustructures of fiberglass reinforced plastic samples show that during heat treatment there is a structural refinement of the polymer matrix. As a result of heat treatment at 80 °С for 4 hours, the extent of swelling decreased by 14%. The heat treatment of sandwich structures at a temperature of 80 °С for 4 hours is optimal and leads to increase in the tensile strength by 30.7%.

scholarly journals Damage Evolution of Granodiorite after Heating and Cooling Treatments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gomah ◽  
Guichen Li ◽  
Salah Bader ◽  
Mohamed Elkarmoty ◽  
Mohamed Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
The Impact

The awareness of the impact of high temperatures on rock properties is essential to the design of deep geotechnical applications. The purpose of this research is to assess the influence of heating and cooling treatments on the physical and mechanical properties of Egyptian granodiorite as a degrading factor. The samples were heated to various temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) and then cooled at different rates, either slowly cooled in the oven and air or quickly cooled in water. The porosity, water absorption, P-wave velocity, tensile strength, failure mode, and associated microstructural alterations due to thermal effect have been studied. The study revealed that the granodiorite has a slight drop in tensile strength, up to 400 °C, for slow cooling routes and that most of the physical attributes are comparable to natural rock. Despite this, granodiorite thermal deterioration is substantially higher for quick cooling than for slow cooling. Between 400:600 °C is ‘the transitional stage’, where the physical and mechanical characteristics degraded exponentially for all cooling pathways. Independent of the cooling method, the granodiorite showed a ductile failure mode associated with reduced peak tensile strengths. Additionally, the microstructure altered from predominantly intergranular cracking to more trans-granular cracking at 600 °C. The integrity of the granodiorite structure was compromised at 800 °C, the physical parameters deteriorated, and the rock tensile strength was negligible. In this research, the temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 °C were remarked to be typical of three divergent phases of granodiorite mechanical and physical properties evolution. Furthermore, 400 °C could be considered as the threshold limit for Egyptian granodiorite physical and mechanical properties for typical thermal underground applications.

scholarly journals Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Harmaen Ahmad Saffian ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Khalina Abdan ◽  
Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Modified Lignin

In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm3. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.

scholarly journals Properties and Structure of Concretes Doped with Production Waste of Thermoplastic Elastomers from the Production of Car Floor Mats

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Alina Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Average Decrease

This article presents physical and mechanical properties of concrete composites that include waste thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) from the production process of car floor mats. Waste elastomer (2–8 mm fraction) was used as a substitute for fine aggregate in quantities of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% of the cement weight. For all series of concrete, the following tests were carried out: compression strength, bending tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, absorbability, density, resistance to water penetration under pressure, frost resistance, and abrasion resistance, according to applicable standards. Moreover, SEM/EDS analysis was carried out on the surface microstructure of synthesized concrete composites. It was proven that the use of production waste from the production process of car floor mats in the quantity of 2.5% does not influence the change of the concrete microstructure and it does not result in the decrease of the mechanical parameters of concrete modified with waste. All concrete modified with the addition of waste meet standards requirements after carrying out 15 cycles of freezing and thawing, and the average decrease in compression strength did not exceed 20%. Adding waste in the quantity of 2.5% allows for limiting the use of aggregate by about 5%, which is beneficial for the natural environment.

Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Myrtha Karina ◽  
Lucia Indrarti ◽  
Rike Yudianti ◽  
Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Porosity of Concrete Using Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2865
Author(s):  
Md Jihad Miah ◽  
Md. Munir Hossain Patoary ◽  
Suvash Chandra Paul ◽  
Adewumi John Babafemi ◽  
Biranchi Panda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Furnace Steel

This paper investigates the possibility of utilizing steel slags produced in the steelmaking industry as an alternative to burnt clay brick aggregate (BA) in concrete. Within this context, physical, mechanical (i.e., compressive and splitting tensile strength), length change, and durability (porosity) tests were conducted on concrete made with nine different percentage replacements (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume of BA) of BA by induction of furnace steel slag aggregate (SSA). In addition, the chemical composition of aggregate through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of aggregates and concrete were performed. The experimental results show that the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made with SSA were significantly higher than that of concrete made with BA. The compressive and tensile strength increased by 73% when SSA fully replaced BA. The expansion of concrete made with SSA was a bit higher than the concrete made with BA. Furthermore, a significant lower porosity was observed for concrete made with SSA than BA, which decreased by 40% for 100% SSA concrete than 100% BA concrete. The relation between compressive and tensile strength with the porosity of concrete mixes are in agreement with the relationships presented in the literature. This study demonstrates that SSA can be used as a full replacement of BA, which is economical, conserves the natural aggregate, and is sustainable building material since burning brick produces a lot of CO2.

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