scholarly journals AN IMPROVED MICROFLUORIMETER FOR MEASURING BRIGHTNESS OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY REACTIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORRIS GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Microscope Slide ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Excitation Beam ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Beam Output ◽  
Intermittent Measurements

A microfluorimeter suitable for measuring fluorescence of objects as small as bacteria is described. It consists of a fluorescence microscope equipped with one photomultiplier for intermittent measurements of observed objects, and another for continuous monitoring of the excitation beam. Output of the two photomultipliers is presented on a recorder as a ratio of the two currents. The light source is a high pressure mercury arc operated on de, and the instrument is aligned and standardized with the help of a standard fluorescent crystal mounted on a microscope slide. Measurements of intestinal amebae stained with a refined fraction of fluoresceinlabeled globulin showed high reproducibility on duplicate smears in spite of the presence of gross bacterial contamination. Standard errors of the means obtained from samples of 30 amebae averaged 5.6% of the means. The technique is capable of revealing extremely fine immunological distinctions in antigenic materials like intact microorganisms, virus particles and the like, even in the presence of tissue cells and other "contaminant" debris.

Near-IR Spectroscopic Determination of NaCl in Aqueous Solution

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Chris W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

The concentrations of NaCl in aqueous solutions have been determined with the use of near-IR spectra between 1100 and 1900 nm. Models expressing the concentration of NaCl are developed with linear and nonlinear regression with the use of the absorbances at selected wavelengths and with principal component regression (PCR) using entire spectra. Temperature perturbations on water bands interfere with the measurement of NaCl but can be removed by linear or nonlinear regressions using the absorbances at the wavelengths where the temperature effects are zero, or they can be accounted for by PCR. Standard errors of 5 mM and a detection limit of IS mM are obtained for NaCl. This technique can be applied for quantitative analysis of NaCl in the laboratory or can be readily adapted for continuous monitoring in process control.

Immunofluorescent and Morphologic Studies on Swinepox

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Cheville
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Virus Isolates

Five virus isolates were obtained from pox-like lesions in swine. The respective skin lesions, infected cell cultures, virus particles and experimentally infected young swine were identical to that of swinepox by histologic examination, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The fluorescent antibody test provided a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis of naturally occurring lesions.

scholarly journals Continuous monitoring of the liver graft temperature: relationship between bacterial contamination of the perfusion fluid and early outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 397-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Levi Sandri ◽  
Roberto Luca Meniconi ◽  
Marco Colasanti ◽  
Nicola Guglielmo ◽  
Edoardo de Werra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Temperature Relationship ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Early Outcome

scholarly journals INCOMPLETE SIMIAN PAPOVAVIRUS SV40

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Melnick ◽  
Sara E. Stinebaugh ◽  
Fred Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infected Cells

A study was made of the effects of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) on the replication of the simian papovavirus SV40 in cercopithecus monkey kidney cells and on the production of virus antigen by these cells. Both drugs markedly suppressed the production of new infectious virus by SV40-infected cells. Synthesis of viral protein was also markedly suppressed by FUDR, but not by FU. In the presence of FU, infected cells produced large amounts of viral protein which were detected by the fluorescent antibody technique. The antigen was not distributed in a particulate fashion as in untreated cells. Diffuse virus antigen was observed in the nuclei of FU-treated cells, resembling the distribution of antigen near the end of the eclipse period in untreated, infected cultures. This stage of antigen production presumably preceded viral assembly. Virus particles with or without cores were rarely seen with the electron microscope in infected FU-treated cells, although large numbers of SV40 particles were readily visualized in untreated, infected cells. It appears that at least one antigenic protein of this papovavirus is synthesized abundantly in FU-treated cells, but is not assembled into virus shells in the presence of the inhibitor.

scholarly journals Template method for the fluorescent-antibody technique

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
K A Karim ◽  
T J Trust
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Microscope Slide ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Serial Dilutions

An easily constructed and inexpensive template has been developed, which enables the fluorescent-antibody technique to be applied to serial dilutions and allows 18 assays on a single microscope slide.

Localization of pancreatic enzymes in ultrathin frozen sections stained with metal labeled antibody

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Method

Localization of amylase,chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in pancreas was demonstrated by Yasuda and Coons (1966), by using fluorescent antibody method. These enzymes were naturally found in the zymogen granules. Among them, amylase showed a diffuse localization around the nucleus, in addition to the zymogen granules. Using ferritin antibody method, scattered ferritin granules were also found around the Golgi area (Yasuda et al.,1967). The recent advance in the tissue preparation enables the antigen to be localized in the ultrathin frozen sections, by applying the labeled antibodies onto the sections instead of staining the tissue en bloc.The present study deals with the comparison of the localization of amylase and lipase demonstrated by applying the bismuth-labeled, peroxidase-labeled and ferritin-labeled antibody methods on the ultrathin frozen sections of pancreas, and on the blocks of the same tissue.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

Biological and Surface Properties of C-Type Virus Particles Produced by Novikoff Ascites Hepatoma Cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
D.C. Hixson ◽  
J.C. Chan ◽  
J.M. Bowen ◽  
E.F. Walborg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Hepatocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Type C

Several years ago Karasaki (1) reported the production of type C virus particles by Novikoff ascites hepatocarcinoma cells. More recently, Weinstein (2) has reported the presence of type C virus particles in cell cultures derived from transplantable and primary hepatocellular carcinomas. To date, the biological function of these virus and their significance in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis are unknown. The present studies were initiated to determine a possible role for type C virus particles in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This communication describes results of studies on the biological and surface properties of type C virus associated with Novikoff hepatocarcinoma cells.Ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) activity in ascitic fluid of Novikoff tumor-bearing rats was assayed in murine sarcoma virus transformed S+L- mouse cells and S+L- mink cells, respectively. The presence of sarcoma virus activity was assayed in non-virus-producing normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Ferritin conjugates of concanavalin A (Fer-Con wheat germ agglutinin (Fer-WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinins I and II (Fer-RCAI and Fer-RCAII) were used to probe the structure and topography of saccharide determinants present on the viral envelope.

Further Observations on the Virus of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice. An Electron Microscopic Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
W. G. Banfield ◽  
G. Kasnic ◽  
J. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Infected Cells

An ultrastructural study of the intestinal epithelium of mice infected with the agent of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM virus) was first performed by Adams and Kraft. We have extended their observations and have found developmental forms of the virus and associated structures not reported by them.Three-day-old NLM strain mice were infected with EDIM virus and killed 48 to 168 hours later. Specimens of bowel were fixed in glutaraldehyde, post fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon. Sections were stained with uranyl magnesium acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in an updated RCA EMU-3F electron microscope.The cells containing virus particles (infected) are at the tips of the villi and occur throughout the intestine from duodenum through colon. All developmental forms of the virus are present from 48 to 168 hours after infection. Figure 1 is of cells without virus particles and figure 2 is of an infected cell. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells appear clearer than the cells without virus particles.

Recent Studies on a Murine Leukemia Virus Grown in Tissue Culture

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
L. Z. de Tkaczevski ◽  
E. de Harven ◽  
C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Friend Leukemia ◽  
Type C ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Despite extensive studies, the correlation between the morphology and pathogenicity of murine leukemia viruses (MLV) has not yet been clarified. The virus particles found in the plasma of leukemic mice belong to 2 distinct groups, 1 or 2% of them being enveloped A particles and the vast majority being of type C. It is generally believed that these 2 types of particles represent different phases in the development of the same virus. Particles of type A have been thought to be an earlier form of type C particles. One of the tissue culture lines established from Friend leukemia solid tumors has provided the material for the present study. The supernatant fluid of the line designated C-1A contains an almost pure population of A particles as illustrated in Figure 1. The ratio is, therefore, the reverse of what is unvariably observed in the plasma of leukemic mice where C particles predominate.

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