scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE KIDNEYS OF THREE MAMMALIAN SPECIES DURING THEIR POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAX WACHSTEIN ◽  
MAIRE BRADSHAW
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity

The activities of various enzymes were studied histochemically in two species which at birth have a kidney with an active nephrogenic zone, the rat and rabbit, and one (the guinea pig) in which this organ is at this time apparently fully matured. The histochemical reactions, in general, reflect the degree of maturity found in kidneys of newborn and growing animals. Immature proximal convoluted tubules lack enzymatic activity or show only minimal amounts. As these tubules mature, the adult pattern is noted at about the 14th to 16th day after birth in rat, and after 21 to 28 days in rabbit. Within this general pattern, however, considerable variations are noted. Glucose-6-phosphatase, e.g., is less active at birth, even in mature tubules, while acid phosphatase localized in granular "lysosomal" bodies is as prominent in newborn kidney as in adult. Newborn guinea pig kidney lacks glomerular adenosine triphosphatase activity in spite of its general enzymatic maturity, while rat kidney at birth has no tubular adenosine triphosphatase activity, even in more mature proximal convolutions. Oxidative enzymes, particularly succinic dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase are active in tubules of the inner portion of medulla in rat and rabbit at birth. This appears to be an expression of the immaturity of newborn kidney. With the progress of zonal differentiation, this enzyme activity is no longer found in the papillary portion of medulla where thin limbs of Henle's loop are now located. In rat kidney, best seen in cryostat sections briefly postfixed in very cold neutral formalin, single cells are found in the collecting ducts with striking 5-nucleotidase activity. The number of these cells is greater in neonatal kidney than in adult kidney. The physiological significance of many of the findings described in this report has still to be clarified.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEMONSTRATION BY LEAD METHODS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN RESIDENT PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES AND EXUDATE MONOCYTES OF THE GUINEA PIG

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. POELMANN ◽  
W. T. DAEMS ◽  
E. J. VAN LOHUIZEN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Membrane Bound

This cytochemical and electron microscopic study on peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig has raised doubts concerning the validity of lead methods for the demonstration of plasma membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity. The problems encountered are inherent in the use of lead ions as a capture reagent. The nonenzymatically formed precipitates reflect sites of heterogeneous nucleation specific for certain kinds of cells, e.g., resident peritoneal macrophages, eosinophilic granulocytes and, to a lesser degree, exudate monocytes. This type of precipitation is also catalyzed on the surface of nonbiologic matrices such as latex particles. Enzymatic processes may well occur, but they cannot be distinguished from nonenzymatic processes.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF Mg++-DEPENDENT DINITROPHENOL-STIMULATED ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN HUMAN BLOOD PLATELETS

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR G. VETHAMANY ◽  
SYDNEY S. LAZARUS
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Human Blood Platelets

Fine structural localization of adenosine triphosphatase activity was studied in human platelets briefly fixed in cold formol calcium and then incubated in lead medium with added dinitrophenol. Under these conditions, the Mg++-dependent dinitrophenol-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase of platelet mitochondria was demonstrated, but neither granules nor plasma membrane showed enzyme activity.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INFECTION WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS AND OF TUBERCULIN SHOCK ON THE SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF GUINEA PIG TISSUES

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chaudhuri ◽  
Samuel P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Sublethal Doses

The kidney of guinea pigs infected with the H37Rv and BCG strains of M. tuberculosis showed a diminution in succinic dehydrogenase activity when measured by the tetrazolium technique. This effect was also seen in the liver and spleen of animals infected with the BCG strain. Sensitized animals showed similar results when given tuberculin in sublethal doses. The succinic oxidase was also low in the kidneys of animals infected with the H37Rv strain. The depressed enzyme activity of the tissues of infected animals could be restored to normal by addition of normal tissue extract or dialysate. This suggests that the alteration in tissue metabolism observed in tuberculosis may depend upon the loss of some as yet unidentified factor important for succinic dehydrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Some Factors Involved in the Effect of X-Irradiation on the Phosphatase Activity of Hematopoietic Tissues

Blood ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN M. UYEKI ◽  
PAUL R. SALERNO
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Assay Medium ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Factors which modify lymphoid distribution of tissues were found to modify the adenosine triphosphatase activity of these tissues. Starvation or cortisone injection, which produces destructive changes in lymphoid tissues, was found to increase the enzyme activity of spleen and thymus tissues. The greater increment of enzyme activity of the thymus as compared to that of the spleen was correlated with its normally higher content of lymphoid tissue. The increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity of hematopoietic tissues appears to be associated with the type of cells present in the assay medium. With respect to peripheral blood leukocytes of the rat, the cell type is confined largely to lymphocytes and granulocytes. The increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity of the leukocytes after total-body x-ray was seen to parallel the increase in granulocytes present in the assay medium. The ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes is not appreciably altered in dog peripheral blood after exposure to total-body x-ray; the adenosine triphosphatase activity similarly was not significantly altered. After total-body x-ray (390 r and 780 r), cells isolated from the rat bone marrow displayed a fivefold increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity. This increase was seen to correspond with an increase in the ratio of segmented leukocytes and reticuloendothelial cells and a decrease in the immature forms of the erythroid and myeloid cells. The heterogeneous cell mixtures used for our assay procedures permit the observation that total-body x-irradiation results in an increased enzyme activity of the isolated cells of the peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen tissue of the rat. The increased enzyme activity was associated with the increased ratio of cells with high enzyme activity present in the assay medium.

A Histological and Histochemical Study of the Brown and Yellow Adipose Tissue of the Bat, Hipposideros speoris

1959 ◽  
Vol s3-100 (51) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
J. EAPEN
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups

A study of the histology and histochemical reactions for lipase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, phospholipids, cholesterol, sulphydryl groups, and water-insoluble aldehydes and ketones in the brown and yellow adipose tissue of the bat (Hipposideros speoris) revealed that the two types of adipose tissue differ in histological structure as well as physiological activity. The histological structure of the two types of adipose tissue was found to be different, resembling that of the two corresponding types of the rat. The brown adipose tissue showed a higher concentration of succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, phospholipids, cholesterol, and sulphydryl groups. No detectable difference between brown and yellow adipose tissue was, however, found with respect to lipase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and water-insoluble aldehydes and ketones.

Thiocyanate inhibition of ATPase and its relationship to anion transport

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Solomon ◽  
P Silva ◽  
Bend ◽  
FH Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Outward Transport

Adenosine triphosphatase activity not dependent on sodium or potassium but inhibited by thiocyanate is present in broken-cell homogenates of eel gill and rat kidney. This enzymatic property is predominantly associated with mitochondria, although thiocyanate-inhibited ATPase can also be detected in microsomes with little or no mitochondrial contamination as measured by the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinic dehydrogenase. When eels are transferred from fresh to salf water, thus increasing active outward transport of chloride across the gill, the thiocyanate-inhibited ATPase of gill microsomes does not change, though the activities of succinic dehydrogenase and Na-K-ATPase in gill homogenates are augmented. The thiocyanate-inhibited ATPase of homogenates of outer renal medulla does not differ from that of renal cortex, in contrast to Na-k-atpase which is higher in renal medulla than in cortex. The data do not support a role for thiocyanate-inhibited ATPase in active chloride transport by epithelial tissues.

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