scholarly journals A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY FOR THE STEROID 3β-ol DEHYDROGENASE AND ISOMERASE SYSTEMS IN HUMAN OVARY AND TESTIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 880-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. GOLDBERG ◽  
G. E. S. JONES ◽  
H. I. BORKOWF
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Ovary ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Tissues

Either the enzyme which oxidizes 3β-ol groups in C-19 and C-21 steroids is properly designated a steroid-3β-hydroxy dehydrogenase or there is a multiplicity of such dehydrogenases. Although DHA is a satisfactory substrate for the human ovary, adrenal, and placenta, it is not generally so for the human testis. Pregnenolone is only at times a moderately satisfactory substrate in the ovary and is not satisfactory for the testis. In the present histochemical study two Δ4,3β-ol steroids have been reported as satisfactory substrates for human endocrine tissues as well as liver and intestine. These new substrates make it possible to demonstrate activity in human testicular tissues and at probable sites of androgen production. If these tenets hold, they indicate that it is more satisfactory to use unphysiologic substrates for the histochemical demonstration of enzymes as this will obviate the interplay of homeostatic mechanisms which must constantly be at work to preserve the cellular equilibrium. Although the data might suggest that the human testis, in contrast to the ovary, is deficient in isomerizing capacity and that this step precedes oxidation of the 3β-ol group, the biochemical data do not support this theory. A more probable explanation is that either DHA, its reaction product 5-androstenedione, or both, inhibit the human testicular enzyme system, while progesterone inhibits that of the corpus luteum; thus a difference between the dehydrogenases of these two human tissues appears to exist.

scholarly journals Programmed Cell Death in Human Ovary Is a Function of Follicle and Corpus Luteum Status*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 3148-3155
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Linda C. Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Human Ovary ◽  
Dna Laddering

Abstract Although extensive investigation on follicular apoptosis (programmed cell death) has been conducted in the infraprimate ovary, there is little information regarding apoptosis and its relationship to follicular status in the human. In this study, apoptosis was investigated in 116 human ovarian follicles (primordial to dominant) and 5 corpora lutea from a total of 27 premenopausal women. Follicles and corpora lutea were evaluated for the presence of DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, by two methods: in situ hybridization using 3′ end-labeling of DNA with digoxigenin-labeled nucleotides and subsequent digoxigenin antibody and peroxidase staining, and/or biochemical analysis of low molecular weight DNA laddering. Follicle functional status was evaluated by determining follicle sizes and follicular fluid androgen/estrogen (A/E) ratios. No apoptosis was observed in 67 primordial, primary, or secondary follicles. Positive staining for DNA fragmentation was found in a few granulosa cells in 0.1- to 2-mm follicles, whereas abundant staining in granulosa was detected in 2.1- to 9.9-mm follicles. In contrast, no DNA fragmentation was detected in dominant follicles (10–16 mm). The frequency of apoptosis in follicles was calculated to be 37% in 0.1- to 2-mm follicles, 50% in 2.1- to 5-mm follicles, and 27% in 5.1- to 9.9-mm follicles. Abundant low molecular weight DNA laddering was only found in androgen-dominant follicles and not in estrogen-dominant follicles. Positive staining for DNA fragmentation and low molecular weight DNA laddering were observed in degenerating but not healthy-appearing corpora lutea. In the former, DNA fragmentation was found primarily in large luteal cells. These data suggest that follicular atresia in human ovary results from normal programmed cell death and primarily occurs in the granulosa cell layers of the early antral and <10-mm antral follicles primarily. Furthermore, because apoptosis occurs as early as the 200-mm stage, follicle selection may begin as early as the initial formation of the antrum. The results also suggest that degeneration of the corpus luteum occurs by apoptotic mechanisms.

Tissue iso-renins

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 117s-120s ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ganten ◽  
J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
H. Haebara ◽  
P. Schelling ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Local Function ◽  
Angiotensin I

1. Several extrarenal tissues contain enzymes which are similar to kidney renin: They hydrolyse angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I; they have characteristic substrate specificity; the physicochemical properties of kidney renin and of extrarenal tissue iso-renin are similar. 2. Results indicate that tissue iso-renins are part of a complex enzyme system with mainly local function. A possible biological role has been demonstrated in brain, adrenal gland and tissue culture.

scholarly journals Measurement of 1-aspartamido-β-N-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase activity in human tissues

1977 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Dugal
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Crude Homogenate ◽  
Enzyme Fraction

The activity of 1-aspartamido-beta-N-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase (aspartylglucosylaminase, EC 3.5.1.26) was measured in normal and diseased human liver, brain and kidney. Organs from patients with aspartylglucosaminuria show very little activity. Crude homogenates of human organs show a reaction catalysed by a complex enzyme system. With homogenate, the formation of product was linear with time up to about 6 h. Reaction times longer than 6-7h resulted in a decrease in the total concentration of product. This phenomenon was not found with the partially purified enzyme fraction. Linearity of the enzyme activity with different protein concentrations was found, independent of the incubation time. Longer incubation of the crude homogenate resulted in the utilization of the product, N-acetylglucosamine. This phenomenon was not observed with the partially purified enzyme fraction. This amidase from human organs differs from that obtained from other sources and apparently represents a rather complex enzyme system.

Immunolocalization of beclin 1, a bcl-2-binding, autophagy-related protein, in the human ovary: possible relation to life span of corpus luteum

2007 ◽  
Vol 331 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gaytán ◽  
Concepción Morales ◽  
José E. Sánchez-Criado ◽  
Francisco Gaytán
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Human Ovary

TPNH GENERATION IN THE HUMAN OVARY

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Nielson ◽  
J. C. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Human Ovary ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The endogenous activities of four major supernatant enzymes which produce TPNH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase) were quantitated in both normal and pathologic human ovarian tissues. The atrophic ovary demonstrated the lowest relative activity of the pentose shunt dehydrogenases, whereas luteinized tissues displayed the highest. During the course of its life cycle, the corpus luteum of the nonpregnant female displayed a progressive rise in isocitrate dehydrogenase and a concomitant fall in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. The corpus luteum of pregnancy, studied at term, demonstrated the highest levels of activity of all the four enzymes quantitated.

DEHYDROGENASES IN THE PREPUBERTAL RAT OVARY: A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF Δ5-3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE AND ENZYMES OF CARBOHYDRATE OXIDATION FOLLOWING OXYTHIAMINE TREATMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Sen Gupta ◽  
Sudhansu K. Dey ◽  
C. Deb
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Diaphorase Activity ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A histochemical study of the NAD- and NADP-linked dehydrogenases, Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5-3β-ODH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and the corresponding tetrazolium reductases in prepubertal rat ovaries following the administration of oxythiamine HCl revealed diminution in the activities of the two dehydrogenases, while the NAD- and NADP-tetrazolium reductase activities remained unchanged. The same treatment resulted in stimulation of dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase (DLDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the ovarian tissues. Supplementary histochemical demonstration of Δ5-3β-OHD activity in phosphate buffer at pH 9.0 revealed a similar localization of the enzyme as that observed at pH 7.1 and which was free of the NAD-linked diaphorase activity. A diminution of this ovarian enzyme activity at this pH was also evident, following oxythiamine treatment. The results indicate a suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis in the prepubertal rats as a result of an alteration of the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme, G-6-PD, following treatment with oxythiamine HCl.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document