The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Postgraduate School Application Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272097440
Author(s):  
Meaghan K. Rowe-Johnson ◽  
Alex Rice ◽  
Saba R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Development And Validation

This study introduces a new construct to the literature that may impact students’ entrance into postgraduate programs: postgraduate school application self-efficacy. Although previous scholars have explored the admissions processes for a variety of disciplines and have developed a measure for graduate education self-efficacy, no measure has been developed to assess postgraduate school application self-efficacy (PSASE). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of 423 undergraduate students’ PSASE. Parallel analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the PSASE scale. Reliability and correlational analyses were also conducted to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results revealed a conceptually interpretable, 16-item, four-factor solution that accounted for 80.88% of the total variance. Correlational analyses with graduate education self-efficacy and self-esteem provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the PSASE subscales. Implications and future directions were explored.

scholarly journals Assessing Self-Efficacy and Communication Regarding Sexual Agreements among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the USA: Development and Validation of Two Novel Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9727
Author(s):  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Deepalika Chakravarty ◽  
Lynae A. Darbes ◽  
Nathan P. O’Brien ◽  
Ilse S. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Sexual Agreements ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV disproportionately impacts men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. Building upon research on relationship constructs unique to MSM couples’ HIV-prevention needs, we developed two new scales measuring sexual agreement self-efficacy (SASE) and importance of sexual agreement communication (ISAC). Following qualitative item development, we used two large independent samples of MSM couples (N1 = 441, N2 = 388) to conduct scale validation. Exploratory factor analyses indicated both SASE and ISAC to be unidimensional with 7 and 5 items (eigenvalues = 5.68 and 3.50), respectively, with strong factor loadings. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded satisfactory model fit for SASE (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03) and ISAC (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.05). Reliability was high for SASE (ω = 0.92) and ISAC (ω = 0.84). Predictive validity analysis revealed a protective association between higher scores on both scales and the outcomes of sexual risk behavior and agreement breaks. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses demonstrated associations in the expected directions between these scales and multiple measures of relationship quality. Therefore, SASE and ISAC are two brief, valid, and reliable scales that can facilitate more in-depth explorations of sexual agreements in MSM and thereby contribute greatly to improving our understanding of and ability to intervene on sexual agreements to improve health and relationship outcomes.

Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110497
Author(s):  
Silje S. Hukkelberg ◽  
Ane Nærde
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers ( N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.

scholarly journals Further Validation of Workplace Spirituality Scale in an Eastern Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Business And Management

Several scales for measuring workplace spirituality (WPS) are available. However, a majority of the available scales were developed in the Western context that may not be generalizable in an Eastern context. Petchsawang and Duchon (2009) developed a 22-item, four dimensional WPS scale with a sample from an Eastern Buddhist-centric culture for capturing WPS in an Eastern context. The purpose of this study was to assess the generalizability, dimensionality, and convergent and discriminant validity of this scale in another Eastern context, which has a strong tradition of Hindu culture. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted on the data collected from 211 individuals, and results supported the four dimensions of the scale. Other statistical analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. Limitations of the study are highlighted, and suggestions for future research are discussed.Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol.1(1) 2016: 1-13

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Assessment Center Dimensions: A Conceptual and Empirical Reexamination of the Assessment Center Construct-Related Validity Paradox

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfred Arthur ◽  
David J. Woehr ◽  
Robyn Maldegen
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Assessment Center ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study notes that the lack of convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center ratings in the presence of content-related and criterion-related validity is paradoxical within a unitarian framework of validity. It also empirically demonstrates an application of generalizability theory to examining the convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center dimensional ratings. Generalizability analyses indicated that person, dimension, and person by dimension effects contribute large proportions of variance to the total variance in assessment center ratings. Alternately, exercise, rater, person by exercise, and dimension by exercise effects are shown to contribute little to the total variance. Correlational and confirmatory factor analyses results were consistent with the generalizability results. This provides strong evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the assessment center dimension ratings–a finding consistent with the conceptual underpinnings of the unitarian view of validity and inconsistent with previously reported results. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
David Fletcher ◽  
Kevin Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Development And Validation

The series of related studies reported here describe the development and validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP). In Study 1, an expert and usability panel examined the content validity and applicability of an initial item pool. The resultant 96 items were analyzed with exploratory factor analyses in Study 2, with the factorial structure comprising 5 factors (viz., Goals and Development, Logistics and Operations, Team and Culture, Coaching, Selection) and 33 items. Using confirmatory factor analyses, Studies 3 and 4 found support for the 5-factor structure. Study 4 also provided evidence for the OSI-SP’s concurrent validity and invariance across different groups. The OSI-SP is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performers.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Boardley ◽  
Maria Kavussanu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Development And Validation

A sport-specific measure of moral disengagement was developed in 2 studies. In Study 1, a 59-item questionnaire was developed and tested with 308 athletes from 5 team sports. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) testing different models suggested the model that best fitted the data had 6 first-order factors that could be represented by 1 second-order factor. Study 2 involved 305 athletes from the same 5 sports. CFA confirmed the 6-factor, second-order structure for the final 32-item measure. Results from Study 2 supported the construct validity of the scale, providing evidence for the factorial, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity. The Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale (MDSS) is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of moral disengagement for use in the sport context.

Self‐consciousness scales for adults and children: Reliability, validity, and theoretical significance

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

The present article reports the factor structure, reliability and validity of Fenigstein et al.'s (1975) Self‐Consciousness Scale (SCS) using British respondents from five samples of undergraduate students, two of 17‐year‐old school pupils, one of 13‐year‐old pupils, and one of 11‐year‐old pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses reproduced in most samples a 3‐factor structure consistent with the SCS subscales, although exploratory factor analyses suggested the Private subscale consists of several subfactors. Concordantly, alpha reliability coefficients were higher for Social Anxiety and Public than for Private, respectively. Test–retest reliability was reasonable for Social Anxiety, but poorer for Public and Private. In line with correlations found by other researchers, that between Public and Private Self‐consciousness was r = 0.33. Both of these subscales correlated positively with Neuroticism. Nevertheless, public and private were considered to be distinguishable constructs. In contrast, Social Anxiety correlated highly positively with Introversion and Neuroticism, and negatively with Self‐Esteem, indicating poor discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analyses of scales designed for young adolescents yielded recognizable private and public factors, with the predominance of a Private factor among 11‐year olds, but of a Public factor among 13‐year olds. Finally, conceptual problems surrounding the private–public distinction are articulated in relation to (a) similar alternative constructs, and (b) Tajfel and Turner's (1979) concept of social identity.

Development and validation of a smoking rationalization scale for male smokers in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Huang ◽  
Wenjie Fu ◽  
Haiying Zhang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Chinese Male ◽  
Item Scale

The purpose of this study is to develop a smoking rationalization scale for Chinese male smokers. A total of 35 focus groups and 19 one-on-one interviews were conducted to collect items of the scale. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to identify the underlying structure of the scale. Results found a 26-item scale within six dimensions (smoking functional beliefs, risk generalization beliefs, social acceptability beliefs, safe smoking beliefs, self-exempting beliefs, and quitting is harmful beliefs). The scale showed acceptable validity and reliability. Results highlight that smoking rationalization is common among Chinese male smokers, and some beliefs of smoking rationalization seem to be peculiar to China.

A Measure of Variations in Internal Social Capital among Family Firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Carr ◽  
Michael S. Cole ◽  
J. Kirk Ring ◽  
Daniela P. Blettner
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Drawing on the social capital literature, this study develops a new measure to assess the internal social capital using a sample of family firms and its effect on economic and noneconomic performance. We collected data from two independent samples to explore the importance of family businesses’ internal social capital as assessed by a new instrument—the internal social capital among family business (ISC–FB). Results from confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity assessments, and predictive and incremental validity offered support for the ISC–FB's construct validity. Finally, we cross–validated the hypothesized factor structure with a second sample of family firms. Implications and future research using this measure are proposed.

Development and Validation of the Volitional Components Inventory for Drug Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Chang-Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Drug Rehabilitation ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Development And Validation

Long-term recovery from drug abuse is a volitional process. Until now, no measure has been available for assessment of executive functioning capacity in this process. This study aims to identify a volitional process for drug addiction rehabilitation and to develop the Volitional Components Inventory for Drug Rehabilitation (VCI-DR). An item pool was constructed, based on theory construction, individual- and group-focused interviews, and expert feedback. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a structure with five factors: motivation control, impulse control, arousal control, self-discipline, and action management. The VCI-DR displayed promising convergent and discriminant validity with theoretically predicted criterion variables (sense of control, indecisiveness, impulsiveness, motivation of drug addiction rehabilitation, and emotion regulation). In addition, results showed good test–retest reliability, with excellent internal consistencies. Taken together, this research offers promising support for the VCI-DR, potentially advancing both basic and applied addiction research.

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