Self‐consciousness scales for adults and children: Reliability, validity, and theoretical significance

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

The present article reports the factor structure, reliability and validity of Fenigstein et al.'s (1975) Self‐Consciousness Scale (SCS) using British respondents from five samples of undergraduate students, two of 17‐year‐old school pupils, one of 13‐year‐old pupils, and one of 11‐year‐old pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses reproduced in most samples a 3‐factor structure consistent with the SCS subscales, although exploratory factor analyses suggested the Private subscale consists of several subfactors. Concordantly, alpha reliability coefficients were higher for Social Anxiety and Public than for Private, respectively. Test–retest reliability was reasonable for Social Anxiety, but poorer for Public and Private. In line with correlations found by other researchers, that between Public and Private Self‐consciousness was r = 0.33. Both of these subscales correlated positively with Neuroticism. Nevertheless, public and private were considered to be distinguishable constructs. In contrast, Social Anxiety correlated highly positively with Introversion and Neuroticism, and negatively with Self‐Esteem, indicating poor discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analyses of scales designed for young adolescents yielded recognizable private and public factors, with the predominance of a Private factor among 11‐year olds, but of a Public factor among 13‐year olds. Finally, conceptual problems surrounding the private–public distinction are articulated in relation to (a) similar alternative constructs, and (b) Tajfel and Turner's (1979) concept of social identity.

The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Postgraduate School Application Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272097440
Author(s):  
Meaghan K. Rowe-Johnson ◽  
Alex Rice ◽  
Saba R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Development And Validation

This study introduces a new construct to the literature that may impact students’ entrance into postgraduate programs: postgraduate school application self-efficacy. Although previous scholars have explored the admissions processes for a variety of disciplines and have developed a measure for graduate education self-efficacy, no measure has been developed to assess postgraduate school application self-efficacy (PSASE). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of 423 undergraduate students’ PSASE. Parallel analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the PSASE scale. Reliability and correlational analyses were also conducted to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results revealed a conceptually interpretable, 16-item, four-factor solution that accounted for 80.88% of the total variance. Correlational analyses with graduate education self-efficacy and self-esteem provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the PSASE subscales. Implications and future directions were explored.

Psychometric investigation of the affiliate stigma scale in Mexican Parkinson’s disease caregivers: Development of a short form

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mickeal Pugh ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Jack D. Watson ◽  
Duygu Kuzu ◽  
Carmen Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Affiliate Stigma ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) caregivers, particularly in Latin America, may experience high levels of affiliate stigma due to their association with a person having a disability. The most common measure used of this construct in the literature, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, was validated using non-standard and questionable methods. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale with PD caregivers in Mexico using more widely accepted psychometric approaches including confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and exploratory factor analyses (EFAs)). METHODS: A sample of 148 PD caregivers from Mexico completed this measure, as well as indices of caregiver burden and anxiety. RESULTS: Initial CFAs revealed that the data did not fit either the originally proposed one-factor or three-factor structures. An EFA was then conducted which was unable to discern any factor structure. Upon instituting a stepwise removal alpha-if-item-deleted process, a 5-item Affiliate Stigma Scale Spanish Short Form was retained with an adequate Cronbach’s alpha, good convergent validity, and a Short Form CFA generally indicating adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS: The new Spanish Affiliate Stigma Scale Short Form holds promise for more appropriately measuring affiliate stigma likely in general but particularly in Spanish and among PD caregivers. The Short Form can assist not only in assessing levels of caregiver affiliate stigma, but in creating novel interventions to help support caregivers and decrease stigma.

Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children in a Spanish Sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Olivares ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-García ◽  
José Antonio López-Pina ◽  
Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The objectives of the present study were to adapt and analyze the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995) in a Spanish population. The SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1588 children and adolescents with ages ranging from 10 to 17 years. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed a four-factor structure: Public performance, Assertiveness, Fear and avoidance/escape in social encounters, and Cognitive and psychophysiological interferences. Internal consistency was high (.90) and test-retest reliability was moderate (.56). Significant differences were found in the variables sex and age, although the effect size was small in both variables and their interaction. Overall, the increase of the age value was inversely proportional to that of social anxiety measured with the SPAI-C; in participants of the same age, values were higher for girls than for boys. Results suggest that the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory For Children is a valid and reliable instrument to assess social anxiety in Spanish children and adolescents.

A Factorial Investigation of the Dimensions of Social Support

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius ◽  
M. Diedricks
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
African Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The University ◽  
Latent Variable Methods

This study represents a factor analytic investigation of the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) when used with South African students. Respondents ( N = 242) were undergraduate students at the University of the Western Cape. The obtained internal-consistency estimates of reliability for the ISSB and the SSQ (alphas above 0,90) compared favourably with previously reported reliabilities for these scales. Exploratory factor analyses of the ISSB yielded three factors similar to previously reported factor structures of the scale, while in the case of the SSQ it appears as if one factor is sufficient to represent the factorial structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses, using latent variable methods confirmed the distinctiveness of the instruments and indicated that two interrelated factors accounted for the variation in the subscales of the ISSB and the SSQ.

scholarly journals Validation of a Brief Pornography Screen across multiple samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Mateusz Gola ◽  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Ewelina Kowalewska ◽  
Rani A. Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
Multiple Samples

AbstractBackground and AimsTo address current gaps around screening for problematic pornography use (PPU), we initially developed and tested a six-item Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) that asked about PPU in the past six months.Methods and ParticipantsWe recruited five independent samples from the U.S. and Poland to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPS. In Study 1, we evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and elements of validity using a sample of 224 U.S. veterans. One item from the BPS was dropped in Study 1 due to low item endorsement. In Studies 2 and 3, we further investigated the five-item the factor structure of the BPS and evaluated its reliability and validity in two national U.S. representative samples (N = 1,466, N = 1,063, respectively). In Study 4, we confirmed the factor structure and evaluated its validity and reliability using a sample of 703 Polish adults. In Study 5, we calculated the suggested cut-off score for the screen using a sample of 105 male patients seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD).ResultsFindings from a principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution which yielded high internal consistency (α = 0.89–0.90), and analyses further supported elements of construct, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity of the newly developed screen. Results from a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve suggested a cut-off score of four or higher for detecting possible PPU.ConclusionsThe BPS appears to be psychometrically sound, short, and easy to use in various settings with high potential for use in populations across international jurisdictions.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the French Version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C)

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
French Version ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. This article examines the internal validity of the French version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C). We first performed confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to determine the fit of the factor structure identified in previous research on the BFQ-C and then used exploratory factor analyses. A sample of 399 children (192 boys and 207 girls) recruited from elementary schools completed the BFQ-C in their classrooms. Participants were 8 to 12 years old with a mean age of 9.58 years (SD = 0.98). The results indicated poor goodness-of-fit statistics for the CFA solution. Exploratory factor analysis improved the model fit markedly over conventional CFA. The factor structure of the French version of the BFQ-C suggested reasonable fit for the five intercorrelated factors corresponding to the Big Five with the exploratory factor analyses, even if the fifth factor appeared to be more problematic than the other 4 factors.

Exploring the Structure of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V in a Spanish Sample

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Aluja ◽  
Oscar García ◽  
Luis F. García
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

The psychometric properties of the original version of the Sensation Seeking Scale (Form V) were analyzed in a sample of 1,006 Spanish university students. The total sample was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the calibration sample ( n = 504), whereas confirmatory factor analysis procedures were performed on the validation sample ( n = 502). As previous studies have suggested, exploratory factor structure indicated that several items load on a different factor or have loadings lower than .30. Those problems were surpassed when the best five items per factor were factor analyzed again. The confirmatory factor analyses showed that a 4-factor simple structure model gave a clearly imperfect fit. A model of 20 items (5 items per factor) gave a better fit, although with similar problems regarding the low reliabilities of the Experience Seeking and Boredom Susceptibility subscales. The need for improvement of the four-factor structure is discussed.

Psychometric properties of the Danish student well-being questionnaire assessed in >250,000 student responders

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janni Niclasen ◽  
Maria Keilow ◽  
Carsten Obel
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Background: Well-being is considered a prerequisite for learning. The Danish Ministry of Education initiated the development of a new 40-item student well-being questionnaire in 2014 to monitor well-being among all Danish public school students on a yearly basis. The aim of this study was to investigate the basic psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods: We used the data from the 2015 Danish student well-being survey for 268,357 students in grades 4–9 (about 85% of the study population). Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach’s α reliability measures were used in the analyses. Results: The factor analyses did not unambiguously support one particular factor structure. However, based on the basic descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, the semantics of the individual items and Cronbach’s α, we propose a four-factor structure including 27 of the 40 items originally proposed. The four scales measure school connectedness, learning self-efficacy, learning environment and classroom management. Two bullying items and two psychosomatic items should be considered separately, leaving 31 items in the questionnaire. Conclusions: The proposed four-factor structure addresses central aspects of well-being, which, if used constructively, may support public schools’ work to increase levels of student well-being.

scholarly journals Self-perceived employability in Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyes Vargas ◽  
María Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija ◽  
Andrew Rothwell ◽  
Águeda Parra
Keyword(s):  
Career Counseling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate the self-perceived employability (SPE) scale (Rothwell et al., 2008) and explore its relationship with sociodemographic variables in Spain. The SPE is an employability scale designed to examine undergraduates’ expectations and self-perceptions of employability. The SPE includes internal and external dimensions of employability and has been satisfactorily tested in a variety of contexts. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprised 1,502 Spanish undergraduate students from a broad range of subject areas. Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Finally, the Spanish-self-perceived employability (S-SPE) was studied in relation to a set of demographic variables. Findings The results revealed similar findings to those reported by Rothwell et al. (2008), namely, four factors labeled: the external labor market’s demand for people in my subject field, my confidence in my skills and abilities, the status and credibility of my field of study and my engagement with my studies and academic performance. The external and internal employability dimensions were obtained by forcing a two-factor solution. Men scored higher than women in the S-SPE; science students scored higher than arts and humanities undergraduates and students with higher perceived income levels scored higher than those with lower perceived income levels. Originality/value The S-SPE can be used with Spanish speaking university students (Spanish being the second most widely spoken language in the world) and allows cross-cultural comparisons of undergraduates’ SPE. The S-SPE may help guide the development of social policies and programs designed to enhance employability. It can be used with undergraduates as a diagnostic instrument in career counseling, and as a self-assessment instrument which will enable undergraduates to acquire a greater degree of self-knowledge in relation to their employability.

Coping and Late-Deafness: An Examination of Two Measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-390
Author(s):  
Jill M. Meyer ◽  
Susan Kashubeck-West
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Ways Of Coping Questionnaire ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Acquired Hearing Loss ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Best Fit

Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of two measures of coping in a sample of individuals with acquired hearing loss, specifically late-deafness.Methods: Using a quantitative descriptive design, coping of participants (N = 277) with late-deafness was measured to examine the reliability and validity of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) and the Brief Coping with Problems Experienced (Brief COPE).Results: Internal consistency estimates were adequate. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the hypothesized factor structures were not supported. Exploratory factor analyses revealed that three factors best fit the WCQ data. For the Brief COPE, 6 factors best fit the data.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of the Brief COPE when working with individuals with late-deafness as an appropriate measure of coping.

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