Charitable Giving in Married Couples: Untangling the Effects of Education and Income on Spouses’ Giving

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110089
Author(s):  
Debra J. Mesch ◽  
Una Okonkwo Osili ◽  
Elizabeth J. Dale ◽  
Jacqueline Ackerman ◽  
Jon Bergdoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Household Model

This research note looks beyond the unitary household model and analyzes the influence of household resources by gender on charitable giving. We investigate the intrahousehold variables of income and education and their effects on giving behaviors in married couples. We use data from the longitudinal Philanthropy Panel Study (2005–2017) to examine how spouses’ income and educational differences affect charitable giving behaviors and introduce fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Initially, we find a positive relationship between both the husband’s and wife’s earned and unearned incomes and the likelihood and amount of giving by married couples. However, when fixed effects are used, we find women’s earned income to be significantly associated with all forms of giving, showing that women’s labor market earnings disproportionately influence giving behavior. Education is less of a factor in whether couples give and influences giving only when the husband has more education than the wife.

scholarly journals Two-Way, One-Way or Dead-End Streets? Financial and Social Causes and Consequences of Generalized Trust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leenheer ◽  
Maurice Gesthuizen ◽  
Michael Savelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Time Invariant

AbstractScholars disagree on whether and to what extent adult life experiences can influence generalized trust and vice versa. Going beyond the methodological limitations of former studies, we aimed to answer the question as to what extent reciprocal causal relationships exist between generalized trust and the adult life experiences of financial success and (in)formal social contacts. We used two-wave cross-lagged panel models to identify those reciprocal causal relationships, and fixed-effects models to assess if they might be biased due to unaccounted time-invariant influences. Data from the Dutch NELLS panel study (age range 17–49) show that compelling empirical evidence is found for a reciprocal causal relationship between generalized trust and household income that does not suffer from bias due to unobserved heterogeneity. Furthermore, more trusting individuals experience a stronger decrease in material deprivation, but not vice versa. Trust and (in)formal social contacts are not causally related in any of our models.

Giving and Getting

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Guo ◽  
Laura R. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
Volunteer Time

This study assesses the extent to which welfare recipients engage in giving money and time to charitable causes. Using the 2003 Center on Philanthropy Panel Study data, this study examines the effects of public assistance—holding constant earned income and demographic traits—on two major types of charitable activities: charitable giving and volunteering. Using a Tobit specification, as appropriate for this type of data, the authors use a creative differencing strategy in an attempt to overcome sticky issues of selection bias. Evidence is found that public assistance receipt tends to suppress monetary donations but may increase volunteer time.

scholarly journals Does Marriage Increase Couples’ Life Satisfaction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gattig ◽  
Lara Minkus
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Lower Effect

Many contemporary studies find that married couples are more satisfied with life than unmarried people. However, whether marriage makes people more satisfied with life or whether more satisfied couples are more likely to marry remains a debated question. We reassess this relationship with panel data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) and extend previous analyses by adding individual trajectories (slopes) to standard fixed-effects regressions (FEIS). We are thereby able to distinguish – controlling for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity – whether there is in fact an effect of marriage on life satisfaction, whether people who are simply happier in their relationship are more likely to get married, or whether people whose development in life satisfaction is more positive are more likely to get married. We translate these different social mechanisms into different analytical strategies and find that OLS regression – due to its confounding effects between and within persons – overestimates the effect of marriage on life satisfaction. A fixed-effects estimator reveals a much lower effect of marriage on life satisfaction for couples who marry compared to those who continue to live apart together or cohabitate. Additionally, using a FEIS estimator and adjusting for – non-linear – development of individual life satisfaction over time, suggests that this effect is in fact causal. * This article belongs to a special issue on "Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data".

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

scholarly journals Impact of Long Working Hours and Shift Work on Perceived Unmet Dental Need: A Panel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2939
Author(s):  
Hye-Eun Lee ◽  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Tae-Won Jang ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Care Needs ◽  
Dental Needs

This study investigates whether workers with long working hours as well as shift workers perceive higher unmet dental care needs, and whether there is a gender difference in the associations. We used the Korea Health Panel (2009, 2011–2014) involving 20,451 person-wave observations from 5567 individuals. Perceived unmet dental care needs was defined when the participants reported that they perceived a need for dental treatment or check-up but had failed to receive dental care services during the past year. Fixed effects logit models were applied to examine how changes in weekly working hours or shift work status were linked to changes in perceived unmet dental needs within each individual. Among participants, 15.9–24.7% reported perceived unmet dental needs and the most common reason was time scarcity. We found that long working hours (>52 h/week) was significantly associated with perceived unmet dental needs due to time scarcity in both men (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.78) and women (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.79) compared workers working 40–52 h per week. Shift work was also a significant risk factor, but only in women (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.06–2.32). These findings provide evidence for labor policies to reduce working hours in order to improve access to dental care services.

Household consumption allocation and the collective household model: Children share of household resources in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Madi Mangan
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Household Model ◽  
Household Members

This paper applies the collective household model to allocate household resources among household members. With a Collective Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (CQUAIDS) estimated by a Feasible Generalized Nonlinear Least Squares (FGNLS) method, it studies the household demand for six categories of household goods using household income and expenditure survey data from The Gambia, directed to studying the allocation of resources among young and adult members of households in The Gambia. It establishes the sharing rule for children and adult members of the household and shows the effect of demographic, distributive factor, price and income elasticities on the shares of household resources. The results establish that a higher share of resources goes for children while the sharing rule varies for different household types. Also, the findings show significant effects of demographic, distributive factor, price and income on the allocation of the household resources of consumption goods by the household.

scholarly journals Are the Self-Employed Mentally Healthier Than Salaried Workers? Evidence From Korea, Mexico, and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Hankyung Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Self-employed workers are often reported to have better health than salaried workers. Whether this is because self-employment has health benefits or healthier workers are self-employed is not clear. Self-employed workers may have higher job satisfaction due to higher levels of self-efficacy and autonomy, but may also experience higher job stress, uncertainty, and lack of health insurance leading to mental health problems. Self-employed workers in the U.S. may have different characteristics than those in Mexico and Korea given different working and living environments as well as different institutional arrangements. This study will examine the association between self-employment and mental and cognitive health for older adults in the U.S., Mexico, and South Korea. It uses harmonized panel data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Mexican Health and Aging Study. We compare the health and selection effect of self-employment using a pooled logistic model, fixed-effects model, and a bivariate probit model. In addition to comparing self-employed and salaried workers, we analyze differences between self-employed with and without employees. By using rich data and various models, we address reverse causality and estimate the relationship between self-employment and health. We show that the positive health effects of self-employed workers in the U.S. disappear once controlled for unobserved heterogeneity, indicating the possibility of healthier workers selecting into self-employment. Interestingly, for Korea and Mexico, healthier individuals seem to select into wage work which reflects the difference in working conditions across countries. Further analysis will show effects by business size.

scholarly journals The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Layana Costa Alves ◽  
Mauro Niskier Sanchez ◽  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Luiz Felipe Pinto ◽  
Joilda Silva Nery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme launched in 2003 to reduce poverty and has led to improvements in health outcomes. CCT programmes may reduce the burden of malaria by alleviating poverty and by promoting access to healthcare, however this relationship is underexplored. This study investigated the association between BFP coverage and malaria incidence in Brazil. Methods A longitudinal panel study was conducted of 807 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015. Negative binomial regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and time trends were employed with fixed effects specifications. Results A one percentage point increase in municipal BFP coverage was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the incidence of malaria (RR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.994–0.998). The average municipal BFP coverage increased 24 percentage points over the period 2004–2015 corresponding to be a reduction of 7.2% in the malaria incidence. Conclusions Higher coverage of the BFP was associated with a reduction in the incidence of malaria. CCT programmes should be encouraged in endemic regions for malaria in order to mitigate the impact of disease and poverty itself in these settings.

Where, When, and Who: Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Value—A Global Panel Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110193
Author(s):  
Shawn Pope ◽  
Jimi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Identity Match ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corporate Level

According to surveys of companies, branding is one of the main objectives of their corporate social responsibility (CSR). With advantageous data from Brand Finance, we address three contextual factors that may condition the relationship between CSR and brand value. First, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value obtains across major world regions and industrial sectors (“the convergence thesis”). Second, we hypothesize that the relationship has weakened with time, as companies have had increasing difficulty using CSR to differentiate their brands in a sea of CSR-espousing competitors (“the crowding out thesis”). Third, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value is weaker where a brand’s identity is different from that of its corporate owner, which may make it difficult for observers to readily link (corporate-level) CSR with its potential (lower level) brand beneficiaries (“the identity-match thesis”). We support these hypotheses with random-effects, fixed-effects, and instrumental-variable regressions before ending with contributions, limitations, implications, and potential next steps.

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