Marketized Mentality, Street Codes and Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095964
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the recent individual level extensions to Institutional Anomie Theory. It explores if a marketized mentality is important to the development of a violent street code that encourages violence as a method of self-enhancement, as well as a factor directly leading to violence. Further, it investigates if the impact of the marketized mentality on violence is moderated by risk-taking and violent peers. It controls for other important factors associated with violence including physical abuse, homelessness, violent victimization, and social bonds. The research utilizes self-report data from interviews with 400 Canadian homeless youth aged 16–24. Results from the OLS regressions indicated that a marketized mentality, along with risk-taking, violent peers, violent victimization, and social bonds predicted levels of support for the street code. The marketized mentality had a direct effect on violence, as well as an indirect effect through the street code. The effect of marketized mentality on violence was also stronger at higher levels of risk-taking and violent peer association. Physical abuse, violent victimization, risk-taking, and violent peers also had direct effects on violence. The findings suggest that a marketized mentality can be adopted even in economically marginal populations leading to the development of violent strategies to fulfill goals. Avenues for future research are offered.

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Han Shi Jocelyn Chew ◽  
Violeta Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To provide an overview of what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on weight and weight-related behaviors. Methods: Systematic scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Results: A total of 19 out of 396 articles were included. All studies were conducted using online self-report surveys. The average age of respondents ranged from 19 to 47 years old, comprised of more females. Almost one-half and one-fifth of the respondents gained and lost weight during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Among articles that examined weight, diet and physical activity changes concurrently, weight gain was reported alongside a 36.3% to 59.6% increase in total food consumption and a 67.4% to 61.4% decrease in physical activities. Weight gain predictors included female sex, middle-age, increased appetite, snacking after dinner, less physical exercise, sedentary behaviors of ≥6 h/day, low water consumption and less sleep at night. Included articles did not illustrate significant associations between alcohol consumption, screen time, education, place of living and employment status, although sedentary behaviors, including screen time, did increase significantly. Conclusions: Examining behavioral differences alone is insufficient in predicting weight status. Future research could examine differences in personality and coping mechanisms to design more personalized and effective weight management interventions.

The Parent–Child Relationship and Sport Parents’ Experiences of Burnout and Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
J.D. DeFreese ◽  
Travis E. Dorsch ◽  
Travis A. Flitton
Keyword(s):  
Youth Sport ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parents Experiences ◽  
Parent Child

Burnout and engagement are important psychological outcomes in sport with potential to impact athletes as well as sport parents. The present study examined associations among markers of the sport-based parent child-relationship (warmth and conflict) and parent burnout and engagement in organized youth sport. Youth sport parents (N = 214) aged 26–66 years (M = 43.2,SD = 6.2) completed valid and reliable self-report assessments of study variables. Study results showcased warmth, but not conflict, in the parent–child relationship as a significant negative contributor to global burnout and a significant positive contributor to global engagement in sport parents. Results offer preliminary insight into the impact of parent–child warmth in sport on parents’ experiences of burnout and engagement. Findings have implications for future research and practice designed to promote positive psychosocial experiences for sport families.

scholarly journals Social media: an exploration of the outcomes of social media use for homeless youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Donath
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose of this project was to explore how young adults are experiencing relationships when using social media. Using a qualitative design young adults between the ages of 16-25 were asked questions about their experience with social media in the city of Toronto. Qualitative interviews were conducted with three homeless participants who used social media and had access to the internet and a mobile device. The researcher analyzed the data by looking for themes within the participant’s answers. Discussion focuses on the impact of social media, their experiences as a homeless youth and the interaction with social media on a daily basis. The findings also suggest future research for technology amongst homeless youth

scholarly journals The Impact of Cognitive Anxiety and the Rating of Pain on Care Processes in a Vigilance Task: The Important Part Played by Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luis Pinel ◽  
Miguel A. Perez-Nieto ◽  
Marta Redondo ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Leticia L. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

Chronic pain is a serious public health problem that has grown exponentially in recent years, which is why it has received the attention of numerous researchers. Most of the studies in the field of chronic pain have focused on care as a mediating variable on the perception of painful stimuli and emotions. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that have gone in the opposite direction. This study’s aim is therefore to analyse the impact of emotional variables (anxiety and depression), the rating of pain, and age on vigilance processes in a sample of patients with chronic pain. To do so, the attentional performance of a cohort of 52 patients with chronic pain was measured through the use of a modified dot-probe task. Furthermore, all the participants were evaluated using the following self-report measures: Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the pain rating index and the number of mistakes the participants made during the attention test. There was also a positive and significant correlation with age and another negative and significant correlation with cognitive anxiety regarding the overall performance times during the undertaking of the experimental task. These results point to the importance of a more in-depth understanding of the impact that the emotional variables and other variables such as age have on attentional processes and the rating of pain. Finally, the discussion focuses on the implications these results could have for clinical practice or for future research studies in this field.

Using self-report and skin conductance measures to evaluate theme park experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 135676672096973
Author(s):  
Shanshi Li
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

This study examines the impact of the key affective moments of a theme park experience on visitors’ post-trip evaluations measured immediately after their visits. One hundred and twenty-three participants visited a theme park while their real-time skin conductance and self-report data were collected. Results indicate that visitors’ pleasure levels (i.e. average, beginning, peak, and end) consistently correlate with satisfaction, which in turn, positively influences behavioural intention. In particular, visitors’ satisfaction levels are better aligned with the affective intensity at the end moment and the average emotion intensity of a theme park experience. Arousal, however, was not found to be a significant indicator of post-trip evaluation. The study extends literature on key moments and retrospective evaluation by illustrating how visitors rely on affective moments of a theme park experience to construct overall evaluations. The study concludes with practical implications and scope for future research.

A snapshot of psycho-social issues in camp living. A Sri Lankan landslide May 2016 in the Kegalle district

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Broadway-Horner 1
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Graduate Degrees ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to explore the aspects of being made homeless or Internally Displaced person (IDP) and how the team attempted to assess this. The team of 10 psychological researchers and statisticians spent a day at 5 camps in 4 locations within Kegalle, Sri Lanka. The languages within the team are Tamil, English and Sinhalese. The aim to find out if depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms are evident within child, adolescents and adults categories, 3 months after the landslide triggered by the storm Roanu May 2016. The participants volunteered to be interviewed using self report measures. The psychological researchers did have undergraduate and post graduate degrees in psychology. Whilst the project lead had clinical experience, the researchers did not and so this was their first field trip. The research was granted ethical clearance by the ethics board at CIRP – Colombo. Unfortunately, due to low numbers, significance is problematic and so this paper addresses the experience and lessons learned by implication for professional growth and future research with IDP. But the impact upon men’s health becomes clear as the team discovers the psychosocial aspects of being homeless.

scholarly journals Board structure and corporate R&D intensity: evidence from Forbes global 2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aws AlHares ◽  
Ahmed A. Elamer ◽  
Ibrahem Alshbili ◽  
Maha W. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
National Level ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of board structure on risk-taking measured by research and development (R&D) intensity in OECD countries. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a panel data of 200 companies on Forbes global 2000 over the 2010-2014 period. It uses the ordinary least square multiple regression analysis techniques to examine the hypotheses. Findings The results show that the frequency of board meetings and board size are significantly and negatively related to risk-taking measured by R&D intensity, with a greater significance among Anglo-American countries than among Continental European countries. The rationale for this is that the legal and accounting systems in the Anglo American countries have greater protection through greater emphasis on compliance and disclosure, and therefore, allowing for less risk-taking. Research limitations/implications Future research could investigate risk-taking using different arrangements, conducting face-to-face meetings with the firm’s directors and shareholders. Practical implications The results suggest that better-governed firms at the firm- or national-level have a high expectancy of less risk-taking. These results offer regulators a resilient incentive to pursue corporate governance (CG) and disclosure reforms officially and mutually with national-level governance. Thus, these results show the monitoring and legitimacy benefits of governance, resulting in less risk-taking. Finally, the findings offer investors the opportunity to build specific expectations about risk-taking behaviour in terms of R&D intensity in OECD countries. Originality/value This study extends and contributes to the extant CG literature, by offering new evidence on the effect of board structure on risk-taking. The findings will help policymakers in different countries in estimating the sufficiency of the available CG reforms to prevent management mishandle and disgrace.

scholarly journals Development of an Observational Parental Scaffolding Measure for Youth with Spina Bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien M Winning ◽  
Colleen Stiles-Shields ◽  
Colleen F Bechtel Driscoll ◽  
Diana M Ohanian ◽  
Autumn N Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Parental Scaffolding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To examine the reliability and validity of a new observational measure of parental scaffolding, as well as the impact of parental scaffolding on academic and social outcomes among youth with spina bifida (SB). Methods As part of a larger study, 137 families of youth with SB participated in family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires at the baseline assessment. Teachers also reported on youth’s academic independence and competence, as well as social skills. Guided by previous research and theoretical formulations, a rational approach to measure development was employed whereby maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were created using the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (Holmbeck, Zebracki, Johnson, Belvedere, & Hommeyer (2007). Parent-child interaction macro-coding manual. Unpublished coding system. Chicago: Loyola University Chicago). Results The scaffolding measure demonstrated acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities. Additionally, both the maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were significantly associated with scores from self-report questionnaires of parenting behaviors in the expected directions. Maternal scaffolding was positively associated with IQ, academic competence, academic independence, and social self-control in youth with SB, whereas paternal scaffolding was positively associated with social cooperation and social self-control. Differences in scaffolding emerged between mothers and fathers, as well as across demographic variables. Conclusion Initial findings support the use of the scaffolding measure. Future research should continue to examine the utility of this scaffolding measure in families of youth with SB.

Trust, personality, risk taking and entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Zeffane
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Courses ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trust, personality and risk taking on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). In this perspective, it explores gender differences among nascent and actual entrepreneurs in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from two sets of populations: 370 students attending business courses in a university in the UAE (as proxies to nascent entrepreneurs) and 324 small business owners/operators (as proxies to actual entrepreneurs). The scales used in the study were borrowed from previous research and were also empirically confirmed through reliability tests. Findings – In support of previous research, analyses of variance confirmed the hypotheses that females are less inclined to become entrepreneurs and are less likely to take risk. Females were also found to be less trusting than males. Regression analysis revealed that, the intention to engage in entrepreneurship is most significantly affected by the propensity to trust. These confirm the study hypotheses. Research limitations/implications – This study is set in a single country and as such, its findings may be constrained by cultural/national specificities. Future research could consider examining the variables of this study (particularly gender differences and their relevance to the effects of trust and risk taking on EIs) in a wider cross-national context. Practical implications – The findings of this study clearly indicate that trust is an important variable that can be cultivated at the pre-entrepreneurial stage so that future entrepreneurs (females in particular) are appropriately equipped and geared to cope with risk in entrepreneurship activities. Originality/value – Research on gender, trust, risk taking and entrepreneurial behaviors in the UAE/Middle East context remains lacking. Also, studies using samples of both actual and nascent entrepreneurs remain lacking. This study fills these gaps and also provides a platform for further understanding the importance of gender differences in relation to trust, personality, risk taking and EIs.

Assessing Medication Safety Technology in the Intensive Care Unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rayo ◽  
Phil Smith ◽  
Matthew B. Weinger ◽  
Jason Slagle
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Safety Technology ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a technology in the context of the distributed system in which it is working is critical to assessing and improving the performance of that system. Taking a systems approach requires knowledge about how all agents in a system work together to achieve the goals of that system. With these aims, the alerting mechanism of infusion pumps containing Dose-Error Reduction Software (DERS) was studied to determine its effectiveness in the Intensive Care Units (ICU's) of three hospitals. In 1,146 of the 9,557 pump alerts (12.0%), the alert caused the clinician to change the input. Of these, 1,030 were changed to within the hospital's recommended dosing limits. The alert was overridden for 8,400 (88.0%) of the alerts. The data show that this technology successfully informed clinicians over 1000 times that unintended doses had been inputted and stopped those doses from reaching the patient, thereby averting potential Medication Events. The data also suggest that, because nearly 90% of the alerts were overridden, a well-intended and valuable alert may be perceived by the clinicians as a false alarm and may be overlooked. Another key finding from this analysis was that clinicians may have used potentially unsafe workarounds to administer intravenous drug boluses (i.e., more rapid infusion of a defined dose or volume) and to keep the patient's line active between infusions. In a separate parallel study, clinician self-report of potentially harmful medication events was studied. During 559 hours of direct observation, clinicians detected 27 (IV and non-IV) medication events. All of the reported events were outside of the scope of what DERS technology was designed to detect. In addition, during the same time period the technology detected five potentially harmful IV medication events that the clinicians did not report. The results of these two studies indicate two possible classes of solutions that could reduce the impact and likelihood of medication administration errors. One class of solutions involves the procedures and policies of the hospital, ensuring that process and technology implementations are optimally tuned, taking human performance and the current practice of the clinicians into account. The other class of solutions involves using new strategies and technologies to ensure that each system agent has access to other agents' perspectives, and the broader system's perspective. Studies such as these can provide insight into the use of safety technology during critical care processes and provide direction for future research, including more effective design of alerting mechanisms of ICU devices.

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